The document discusses several indicators used to measure and classify countries by their level of development, including:
1) The Human Development Index (HDI), which considers life expectancy, education, and income levels to rank countries as having high, medium, or low human development.
2) The Gini Index, which measures income inequality within a country on a scale of 0 to 100.
3) The Index of Human Development Adjusted for Inequality (IHDI), which adjusts the HDI scores to account for unequal distribution of health, education and income achievements across a population.
4) A proposed updated classification system that ranks countries based on their IHDI scores as first world to eighth world.
The Local Human Development Index - policy tool in PolandPiotr Arak
OECD-Universities Joint Conference
July 2013 — France
“Economics for a Better World”
This will be the third international conference of economists interested in welfare economics and public policy broadly defined. This 3rd conference will follow those organised in Oxford (July 2009) and Paris (July 2011). The 2013 OECD-Universities Joint Conference will be informed by the work done over the past decade by economists, statisticians and social analysts to develop broad measures of well-being, and touch on some of the well-being dimensions included in recent OECD reports on the subject. The conference will feature research papers, panel discussions and plenary talks organised by researchers from a range of institutions in Europe, mainly.
The Human Development Index (HDI) was created by Pakistani economist Mehboob-Ul-Haq and Nobel laureate Amartya Sen to evaluate countries based on key development factors beyond just income. The HDI focuses on three areas: health as measured by life expectancy, education as measured by adult literacy and enrollment rates, and income as measured by GDP per capita. Countries are ranked on an HDI score from 0 to 1, where a score closer to 1 indicates a higher level of human development. The document provides step-by-step instructions for calculating a country's HDI scores based on data from the United Nations.
This document discusses expanding the indicators used to measure human development beyond those used in the traditional Human Development Index (HDI). It proposes 12 categories of human development: 1) health, education, and income (as measured by the HDI); 2) mental well-being; 3) empowerment; 4) political freedom; 5) social relations; 6) community well-being; 7) inequalities; 8) work conditions; 9) leisure conditions; 10) economic stability; 11) political security; and 12) environmental conditions. For each category, it examines potential indicators and selects those that are most representative and not highly correlated with each other to avoid duplication. The goal is to develop a more comprehensive set of indicators to
This presentation explains all the important points about one of the major measures of development of a country that is the Human Development Index. This presentation includes the definition,history,dimension, calculation,geographical coverage, past top countries and the criticism of Human Development Index.
Nepal poverty mapping Project: Human Development Report DataNepDevWiki
The slideshow compiles data for Nepal based on 2009 UNDP Human Development Report for Nepal. This is part of the Nepal Poverty Mapping Project of Nepal Development Wiki. (nepaldevelopment.pbworks.com)
Human Development Index - Russia vs ChinaJana Kubicová
The document discusses the Human Development Index methodology and compares Russia and China's HDI scores and component metrics. The HDI is calculated based on dimensions of life expectancy, education, and income. It shows that from 1980 to 2011, China's HDI score increased from low to medium human development, while Russia fell from very high to high. Currently, Russia has a higher overall HDI score than China but lags in life expectancy and GNI per capita.
Concept of development, human development index and its parameters! SAJAL1428SAJAL1428
This document discusses concepts of development including the human development index (HDI). It defines development as having socio-economic and political aspects related to wealth production, basic needs, quality of life, equality, stability, and state capacity. The HDI is presented as a composite index that measures and ranks countries based on indicators of health, education, and income. While the HDI provides a useful snapshot for development comparisons, it also has limitations such as only measuring three dimensions of development and not accounting for inequality within countries.
Measuring social and econ development human dev indexVämpĭřę Nusrat
The document discusses the Human Development Index (HDI), a composite index used to rank countries based on social and economic factors. The HDI measures three components: health (life expectancy), education (adult literacy and enrollment rates), and wealth (GDP per capita). Countries are ranked on a scale of 0 to 1 based on their performance in these areas. While the HDI provides a broad measure of human development, it does not capture all relevant factors and should be used alongside other indicators. Validity, reliability, and parsimony are important considerations when evaluating any composite index.
The Local Human Development Index - policy tool in PolandPiotr Arak
OECD-Universities Joint Conference
July 2013 — France
“Economics for a Better World”
This will be the third international conference of economists interested in welfare economics and public policy broadly defined. This 3rd conference will follow those organised in Oxford (July 2009) and Paris (July 2011). The 2013 OECD-Universities Joint Conference will be informed by the work done over the past decade by economists, statisticians and social analysts to develop broad measures of well-being, and touch on some of the well-being dimensions included in recent OECD reports on the subject. The conference will feature research papers, panel discussions and plenary talks organised by researchers from a range of institutions in Europe, mainly.
The Human Development Index (HDI) was created by Pakistani economist Mehboob-Ul-Haq and Nobel laureate Amartya Sen to evaluate countries based on key development factors beyond just income. The HDI focuses on three areas: health as measured by life expectancy, education as measured by adult literacy and enrollment rates, and income as measured by GDP per capita. Countries are ranked on an HDI score from 0 to 1, where a score closer to 1 indicates a higher level of human development. The document provides step-by-step instructions for calculating a country's HDI scores based on data from the United Nations.
This document discusses expanding the indicators used to measure human development beyond those used in the traditional Human Development Index (HDI). It proposes 12 categories of human development: 1) health, education, and income (as measured by the HDI); 2) mental well-being; 3) empowerment; 4) political freedom; 5) social relations; 6) community well-being; 7) inequalities; 8) work conditions; 9) leisure conditions; 10) economic stability; 11) political security; and 12) environmental conditions. For each category, it examines potential indicators and selects those that are most representative and not highly correlated with each other to avoid duplication. The goal is to develop a more comprehensive set of indicators to
This presentation explains all the important points about one of the major measures of development of a country that is the Human Development Index. This presentation includes the definition,history,dimension, calculation,geographical coverage, past top countries and the criticism of Human Development Index.
Nepal poverty mapping Project: Human Development Report DataNepDevWiki
The slideshow compiles data for Nepal based on 2009 UNDP Human Development Report for Nepal. This is part of the Nepal Poverty Mapping Project of Nepal Development Wiki. (nepaldevelopment.pbworks.com)
Human Development Index - Russia vs ChinaJana Kubicová
The document discusses the Human Development Index methodology and compares Russia and China's HDI scores and component metrics. The HDI is calculated based on dimensions of life expectancy, education, and income. It shows that from 1980 to 2011, China's HDI score increased from low to medium human development, while Russia fell from very high to high. Currently, Russia has a higher overall HDI score than China but lags in life expectancy and GNI per capita.
Concept of development, human development index and its parameters! SAJAL1428SAJAL1428
This document discusses concepts of development including the human development index (HDI). It defines development as having socio-economic and political aspects related to wealth production, basic needs, quality of life, equality, stability, and state capacity. The HDI is presented as a composite index that measures and ranks countries based on indicators of health, education, and income. While the HDI provides a useful snapshot for development comparisons, it also has limitations such as only measuring three dimensions of development and not accounting for inequality within countries.
Measuring social and econ development human dev indexVämpĭřę Nusrat
The document discusses the Human Development Index (HDI), a composite index used to rank countries based on social and economic factors. The HDI measures three components: health (life expectancy), education (adult literacy and enrollment rates), and wealth (GDP per capita). Countries are ranked on a scale of 0 to 1 based on their performance in these areas. While the HDI provides a broad measure of human development, it does not capture all relevant factors and should be used alongside other indicators. Validity, reliability, and parsimony are important considerations when evaluating any composite index.
This document discusses human development indices for Mexico. It explains the Human Development Index (HDI) which is a summary measure of health, education and income. The GINI index measures income inequality, while the Inequality-Adjusted HDI (IHDI) considers how achievements are distributed. Mexico's HDI has risen, though some southern states remain at a medium level. The document also lists Mexican states by their HDI values and concludes that while indices have increased, overpopulation remains a challenge.
This document discusses several key human development indicators used by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to measure and analyze development. It introduces the Human Development Index (HDI), Human Poverty Index (HPI), and Gender-Related Development Index (GDI). The HDI measures overall development based on health, education, and income indicators. The HPI measures deprivation in these areas. The GDI adjusts the HDI to account for inequalities between men and women. The document provides details on how each index is calculated and examples of country rankings. It also discusses some challenges and factors influencing human development progress in India.
Human development index.pptx world happinessaleezashah3
Pakistan ranks 66th out of 153 countries in the World Happiness Report 2020. The report measures six indicators of happiness: income per capita, life expectancy, social support, freedom, generosity, and corruption. Pakistan scores highest in social support due to strong family and community ties. However, it ranks poorly in freedom of the press (145th) and has high levels of corruption (120th). Overall, Pakistanis report being happy in general (75%) and with their lives (75%) due to improving economic conditions and security in major cities. While Pakistan has risen in the happiness rankings in recent years, further progress on development, freedom, and reducing corruption could help increase overall life satisfaction.
The document discusses various indices for measuring human development, including the Human Development Index (HDI), Gini Index, and Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). It then analyzes Mexico's performance based on these indices, finding that Mexico has a relatively high HDI of 0.762, placing it in the "high development" category. However, there is still room for improvement in areas like access to education, inequality, poverty, and security to raise Mexico's score and quality of life overall.
This document provides information about the Human Development Index (HDI), including its basic dimensions of health, education, and income. It then presents statistics about Turkey's HDI values in these dimensions, as well as HDI trend data for Turkey and several other countries from 2000 to 2010. The document aims to explain what the HDI is and provide real-world examples of HDI statistics.
these slides are according to Pakistan HDI and covering the aspects and some important details of HDI.
Little bit description and introduction of HDI as well.
The document summarizes key information about the Human Development Index (HDI), including its components (education, health, income) and how it is used to rank countries. The HDI is published by the UNDP and aims to evaluate development based on people-centered policies rather than just income. It provides statistics on education (mean years and expected years of schooling), health (life expectancy), and income (GNI per capita) to calculate an overall index score. India's HDI value and rankings over time are also presented.
The Human Development Index (HDI) was developed in 1990 to measure a country's development. It combines measures of life expectancy, education, and income indicators. Specifically, it considers life expectancy, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, and GNI per capita. The HDI is used in the UN's annual Human Development Report and provides a standardized means to compare development across nations.
The document discusses India's ranking in the Human Development Index (HDI). It provides details on:
1) India's HDI ranking of 130th out of 188 countries in 2015, up from 135th in 2014, due to rises in life expectancy and income.
2) Key components and methodology used to calculate HDI scores.
3) India's improvements and challenges in areas measured by HDI like education, health, income, and gender inequality.
There are several traditional and modern ways to measure a country's level of development. Traditionally, development was equated with economic growth and countries were classified based on their Gross National Product per capita. However, GNP has limitations and does not reflect differences in cost of living between countries. More modern measures include Purchasing Power Parity per capita, energy consumption, percentage of the workforce in different sectors, and quality of life indices like the Human Development Index which considers education, income, and health. Collecting accurate social and demographic data to measure development can be challenging for various reasons.
A Critical Analysis of Development IndicesAin Atiya Azmi
A summary of the report written by Sumayyah Abdul Aziz, Ruzita Mohd Amin, Selamah Abdullah Yusof, Mohamed Aslam Haneef, Mustafa Omar Mohamed & Gapur Oziev (APRIL 2015) presented by our group during ECON 1710 Foundation of Islamic Economics class at IIUM
mark received: 17/20
GNH stands for Gross National Happiness, which seeks to promote inner happiness and well-being within the context of societal good. GNH uses a simple screening tool to assess how policies and projects impact key domains like health, education, culture and the environment. Bhutan formally adopted GNH as a measure of development success and has four pillars - equitable socio-economic development, environmental conservation, preservation of culture, and good governance. While GDP measures economic output, GNH takes a more holistic approach by valuing natural, human and social capital to better indicate national well-being.
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite indicator used to rank countries by level of human development. It takes into account measures of health (life expectancy), education (adult literacy and years of schooling), and income (GDP per capita) to provide a broader view of development than income alone. The Gender Development Index (GDI) is a related index that measures development based solely on female indicators to assess gender inequality. Calculating HDI and comparing scores across countries helps set development goals and identify areas for improvement within and between nations.
Small assignment I did to investigate Human Development Indicators of Pakistan V Srilanka V UAE and couple more.
All data is available from UNDP Website
Human Development Index presentation - SlideshareAditiTewari4
Human Devlopment Index or HDi measures the well - being of a countries people Both Growth and Development refer to changes over a period of time:-
Growth:-
Quantitative and neutral change.
Positive or a negative .
Development:-
Qualitative change which is value positive.
Development occurs when positive growth takes place
HDI emphasizes that people and their capabilities should be the ultimate criteria for assessing the development of a country, not economic growth alone.
HDI measures average achievement of a country in three basic dimensions of human development:
A long and healthy life,
Access to knowledge, and
A decent standard of living.
The document discusses the Human Development Index (HDI), which is a statistic composite index of life expectancy, education, and income indicators used to rank countries' level of human development. It was created by economists Amartya Sen and Mahbub Ul Haq to assess countries' performance in health, education, and standard of living. The HDI score ranges from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating high human development. India has undertaken a large HDI program in partnership with UNDP to produce national, state, and district-level HDI reports to guide development planning.
Nepal and its Economic Comparision with Other SAARC CountriesSabindraMaharjan5
In this presentation, I have given a brief summary of preliminary report of Nepal Population and Housing Census 2021 and compared the economy of Nepal with other SAARC countries.
The document discusses various topics related to development including goals of development, national development, comparing development levels between countries, human development, and measuring development. It provides definitions of development and sustainable development. It also compares India's development to its neighboring countries based on metrics like per capita income, life expectancy, literacy rate, and HDI ranking.
This document discusses human development indices for Mexico. It explains the Human Development Index (HDI) which is a summary measure of health, education and income. The GINI index measures income inequality, while the Inequality-Adjusted HDI (IHDI) considers how achievements are distributed. Mexico's HDI has risen, though some southern states remain at a medium level. The document also lists Mexican states by their HDI values and concludes that while indices have increased, overpopulation remains a challenge.
This document discusses several key human development indicators used by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to measure and analyze development. It introduces the Human Development Index (HDI), Human Poverty Index (HPI), and Gender-Related Development Index (GDI). The HDI measures overall development based on health, education, and income indicators. The HPI measures deprivation in these areas. The GDI adjusts the HDI to account for inequalities between men and women. The document provides details on how each index is calculated and examples of country rankings. It also discusses some challenges and factors influencing human development progress in India.
Human development index.pptx world happinessaleezashah3
Pakistan ranks 66th out of 153 countries in the World Happiness Report 2020. The report measures six indicators of happiness: income per capita, life expectancy, social support, freedom, generosity, and corruption. Pakistan scores highest in social support due to strong family and community ties. However, it ranks poorly in freedom of the press (145th) and has high levels of corruption (120th). Overall, Pakistanis report being happy in general (75%) and with their lives (75%) due to improving economic conditions and security in major cities. While Pakistan has risen in the happiness rankings in recent years, further progress on development, freedom, and reducing corruption could help increase overall life satisfaction.
The document discusses various indices for measuring human development, including the Human Development Index (HDI), Gini Index, and Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). It then analyzes Mexico's performance based on these indices, finding that Mexico has a relatively high HDI of 0.762, placing it in the "high development" category. However, there is still room for improvement in areas like access to education, inequality, poverty, and security to raise Mexico's score and quality of life overall.
This document provides information about the Human Development Index (HDI), including its basic dimensions of health, education, and income. It then presents statistics about Turkey's HDI values in these dimensions, as well as HDI trend data for Turkey and several other countries from 2000 to 2010. The document aims to explain what the HDI is and provide real-world examples of HDI statistics.
these slides are according to Pakistan HDI and covering the aspects and some important details of HDI.
Little bit description and introduction of HDI as well.
The document summarizes key information about the Human Development Index (HDI), including its components (education, health, income) and how it is used to rank countries. The HDI is published by the UNDP and aims to evaluate development based on people-centered policies rather than just income. It provides statistics on education (mean years and expected years of schooling), health (life expectancy), and income (GNI per capita) to calculate an overall index score. India's HDI value and rankings over time are also presented.
The Human Development Index (HDI) was developed in 1990 to measure a country's development. It combines measures of life expectancy, education, and income indicators. Specifically, it considers life expectancy, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, and GNI per capita. The HDI is used in the UN's annual Human Development Report and provides a standardized means to compare development across nations.
The document discusses India's ranking in the Human Development Index (HDI). It provides details on:
1) India's HDI ranking of 130th out of 188 countries in 2015, up from 135th in 2014, due to rises in life expectancy and income.
2) Key components and methodology used to calculate HDI scores.
3) India's improvements and challenges in areas measured by HDI like education, health, income, and gender inequality.
There are several traditional and modern ways to measure a country's level of development. Traditionally, development was equated with economic growth and countries were classified based on their Gross National Product per capita. However, GNP has limitations and does not reflect differences in cost of living between countries. More modern measures include Purchasing Power Parity per capita, energy consumption, percentage of the workforce in different sectors, and quality of life indices like the Human Development Index which considers education, income, and health. Collecting accurate social and demographic data to measure development can be challenging for various reasons.
A Critical Analysis of Development IndicesAin Atiya Azmi
A summary of the report written by Sumayyah Abdul Aziz, Ruzita Mohd Amin, Selamah Abdullah Yusof, Mohamed Aslam Haneef, Mustafa Omar Mohamed & Gapur Oziev (APRIL 2015) presented by our group during ECON 1710 Foundation of Islamic Economics class at IIUM
mark received: 17/20
GNH stands for Gross National Happiness, which seeks to promote inner happiness and well-being within the context of societal good. GNH uses a simple screening tool to assess how policies and projects impact key domains like health, education, culture and the environment. Bhutan formally adopted GNH as a measure of development success and has four pillars - equitable socio-economic development, environmental conservation, preservation of culture, and good governance. While GDP measures economic output, GNH takes a more holistic approach by valuing natural, human and social capital to better indicate national well-being.
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite indicator used to rank countries by level of human development. It takes into account measures of health (life expectancy), education (adult literacy and years of schooling), and income (GDP per capita) to provide a broader view of development than income alone. The Gender Development Index (GDI) is a related index that measures development based solely on female indicators to assess gender inequality. Calculating HDI and comparing scores across countries helps set development goals and identify areas for improvement within and between nations.
Small assignment I did to investigate Human Development Indicators of Pakistan V Srilanka V UAE and couple more.
All data is available from UNDP Website
Human Development Index presentation - SlideshareAditiTewari4
Human Devlopment Index or HDi measures the well - being of a countries people Both Growth and Development refer to changes over a period of time:-
Growth:-
Quantitative and neutral change.
Positive or a negative .
Development:-
Qualitative change which is value positive.
Development occurs when positive growth takes place
HDI emphasizes that people and their capabilities should be the ultimate criteria for assessing the development of a country, not economic growth alone.
HDI measures average achievement of a country in three basic dimensions of human development:
A long and healthy life,
Access to knowledge, and
A decent standard of living.
The document discusses the Human Development Index (HDI), which is a statistic composite index of life expectancy, education, and income indicators used to rank countries' level of human development. It was created by economists Amartya Sen and Mahbub Ul Haq to assess countries' performance in health, education, and standard of living. The HDI score ranges from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating high human development. India has undertaken a large HDI program in partnership with UNDP to produce national, state, and district-level HDI reports to guide development planning.
Nepal and its Economic Comparision with Other SAARC CountriesSabindraMaharjan5
In this presentation, I have given a brief summary of preliminary report of Nepal Population and Housing Census 2021 and compared the economy of Nepal with other SAARC countries.
The document discusses various topics related to development including goals of development, national development, comparing development levels between countries, human development, and measuring development. It provides definitions of development and sustainable development. It also compares India's development to its neighboring countries based on metrics like per capita income, life expectancy, literacy rate, and HDI ranking.
This document discusses different concepts related to development including definitions of development, goals of development, measuring development at national and individual levels, and sustainable development. It defines development as the process of growth and maturity over time. National development is measured using metrics like per capita income, literacy rates, and life expectancy. Sustainable development aims to manage resources in a way that maintains long-term wealth and well-being.
Development, chapter 1st
Class 10
CONTENT
• Development
• Goals of Development
• National Development
• Comparison of Countries
• Human development
• Measuring Development
• Sustainable Development
The document discusses the Human Development Index (HDI) which is used by the UNDP to measure development levels among countries. The HDI considers three factors: life expectancy, education levels, and GDP per capita. Countries are classified as having high, medium, or low human development based on their HDI score. The latest HDI report from 2009 ranks countries, with Norway ranked first and Spain ranked 15th. The document also discusses inequality within countries using the Inequality-Adjusted HDI and Gini coefficient. Mexico ranks relatively low on both indices according to the data presented.
The document discusses several indicators used to measure and compare economic development levels between countries. It explains that while natural resources were historically important, productivity is now seen as the main indicator of development. The Human Development Index (HDI) is the most widely used composite measure, assessing health, education and income. However, no single measure can fully capture development, so indices continue evolving to include more factors like environment, gender equality and technology. GDP and GNP per capita also provide comparisons, but have limitations and do not show income distribution or quality of life factors. Overall development analysis requires considering multiple economic, social and environmental indicators.
This document discusses human development indicators and measurement. It provides information on key concepts like human development index (HDI), human poverty index, and gender development index. It describes the dimensions and indicators used to calculate HDI, including life expectancy, education, and gross domestic product per capita. Examples are given of top and bottom ranked countries based on HDI scores. Data on India's HDI ranking and performance on different indicators is also presented. Limitations of HDI as a measurement are outlined.
Human Wellbeing definition and measurement show [Autosaved].pptxAugustBenyamin
The document discusses measuring human wellbeing through various indicators and indexes. It begins by defining key terms used to measure wellbeing, such as indicator, GDP, GDP per capita, GNI, life expectancy, and the Human Development Index (HDI). It explains that indicators can be qualitative or quantitative, and defines each type. It then proceeds to define each economic and health indicator in more detail. The document emphasizes that measuring wellbeing requires considering multiple dimensions, not just economic factors, which is the goal of the HDI.
Beyond GDP: Measuring well-being and progress of NationsKübra Bayram
Everyone aspires to a good life. But what does a "good" (or better) life mean? In recent years, concerns have emerged that standard macro-economic statistics, such as GDP, which for a long time had been used as proxies to measure well-being, failed to give a true account of people’s current and future living conditions. The ongoing financial and economic crisis has reinforced this perception and it is now widely recognized that data on GDP provide only a partial perspective on the broad range of factors that matter to people’s lives.
e terms economic development & economic growth are often understood as referring to the economic progress of a country. These are taken as pointers of higher standard of living and better quality of life. However, the perception of economist in this regard is quite different.
The Human Development Index (HDI) is an indicator created by the United Nations Development Program to determine the level of development of countries based on health, education, and income. It is measured on a scale of 0 to 1, with 0 being the lowest rating and 1 being the highest. Countries are classified by the UNDP as having high, medium, or low human development based on their HDI score. The HDI does not account for inequality within countries. The Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI) captures the loss in human development due to inequality and provides a measure of the average HDI accounting for distribution of health, education and income.
This document discusses different perspectives on development. It explains that development goals can vary between individuals and countries. It assess development through indicators like income, literacy rates, health outcomes, and access to public facilities. A country is considered more developed if it has a higher per capita income, lower infant mortality, and provides strong public services and infrastructure to its citizens. Sustainable development aims to meet current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs through responsible use of resources.
The document discusses the Human Development Index (HDI), which measures a country's development according to metrics like life expectancy, education, and income. It notes that India's 2020 HDI rank was 130 with an HDI of 0.646, indicating a medium level of development. Specifically, India's life expectancy at birth was 64.19 years, mean years of schooling was 5.1, and GNI per capita was $1900. The document explores how factors like COVID-19, spending on education, and sanitation access have impacted India's HDI. It also mentions that Bhutan is the only country to officially measure Gross National Happiness.
This document discusses human development and the human development index (HDI). It defines growth and development, explaining that development refers to qualitative improvements. The key areas of human development are access to resources, health, and education. The HDI is a composite statistic used to rank countries on indicators like life expectancy, education, and income. India's 2014 HDI ranking and component values are provided as an example calculation. International HDI comparisons and trends in India's HDI over time are also summarized.
The document provides an overview of the Indian economy, including definitions of key economic concepts like GDP, economic growth, and factors that affect economic development. It then discusses characteristics of the Indian economy, highlighting that it is developing but mixed, with both public and private sectors. It also covers concepts of human development in India like calculating the Human Development Index which considers education, health, and income. Overall it analyzes indicators and trends of the Indian economy.
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a metric used to measure a country's social and economic development based on four key factors: life expectancy, education, and gross national income per capita. The HDI was created by Pakistani economist Mahbub-ul-Haq in 1990 to assess countries' progress beyond just economic growth figures. It is calculated using indices for health, education, and income that are compiled into a single statistic ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 representing the highest level of human development.
The document discusses the Human Development Index (HDI), which is a metric used to measure development in countries based on life expectancy, education, and income indicators. It provides background on what the HDI measures, how countries are ranked, and examples of countries with high and low HDI scores. Key factors that influence India's HDI ranking, such as public spending, poverty, and environmental issues are also examined.
Economic development can be indicated by various factors and metrics. Some common indicators of economic development discussed in the document include:
1. GNP per capita - The total GNP of a country divided by its population, as a measure of average income.
2. Social indicators - Factors like health, education, and living standards that measure quality of life beyond just income levels.
3. HDI - The Human Development Index, a composite index used by the UN to measure development based on health, education, and income indicators.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17Celine George
Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
1. INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE SALTILLO
EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
ING. CARLOS LOYOLA
JUAN DANIEL ALDABA TORRES
14050368
ING. INDUSTRIAL
9NO. SEMESTRE
18/03/18
SALTILLO, COAHUILA.
2. • HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX
• THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI) IS AN INDICATOR CREATED BY THE UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
(UNDP) IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD. IT WAS DESIGNED
WITH THE OBJECTIVE OF KNOWING, NOT ONLY THE ECONOMIC INCOME OF PEOPLE IN A COUNTRY, BUT ALSO TO ASSESS
WHETHER THE COUNTRY PROVIDES ITS CITIZENS WITH AN ENVIRONMENT WHERE THEY CAN DEVELOP THEIR PROJECT
AND LIVING CONDITIONS BETTER OR WORSE. FOR THIS, THE IDH TAKES INTO ACCOUNT THREE VARIABLES:
• 1) LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH. ANALYZE THE AVERAGE AGE OF THE DECEASED IN A YEAR.
• 2) EDUCATION. IT INCLUDES THE LEVEL OF ADULT LITERACY AND THE LEVEL OF EDUCATION ATTAINED (PRIMARY,
SECONDARY, HIGHER EDUCATION)
• 3) GDP PER CAPITA (AT PARITY OF PURCHASING POWER). IT CONSIDERS THE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT PER CAPITA
AND EVALUATES ACCESS TO THE ECONOMIC RESOURCES NECESSARY FOR PEOPLE TO HAVE A DECENT STANDARD OF
LIVING.
• THE IDH INDEX PROVIDES VALUES BETWEEN 0 AND 1, WITH 0 THE LOWEST RATING AND 1 THE HIGHEST. IN THIS REGARD,
UNDP CLASSIFIES COUNTRIES INTO THREE MAJOR GROUPS:
• COUNTRIES WITH HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ("HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT"). THEY HAVE AN HDI GREATER THAN 0.80.
• COUNTRIES WITH MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ("MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT"). THEY HAVE AN HDI BETWEEN 0.50
AND 0.80.
• COUNTRIES WITH LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ("LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT"). THEY HAVE AN HDI LESS THAN 0.50.
3. • THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI) WAS CREATED TO EMPHASIZE THAT THE EXPANSION OF
PEOPLE'S OPPORTUNITIES SHOULD BE THE MOST IMPORTANT CRITERION FOR EVALUATING
DEVELOPMENT RESULTS. ECONOMIC GROWTH IS A MEANS THAT CONTRIBUTES TO THAT PROCESS,
BUT IT IS NOT AN OBJECTIVE IN ITSELF.
• THE HDI MEASURES THE PROGRESS MADE BY A COUNTRY IN THREE BASIC DIMENSIONS OF HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT: ENJOY A LONG AND HEALTHY LIFE, ACCESS TO EDUCATION AND A DECENT STANDARD
OF LIVING.
• PARAMETERS OF THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX
• THE HDI IS CALCULATED, TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, ON THE BASIS OF DATA FROM THE MAIN NATIONAL
ENTITIES AND INTERNATIONAL STATISTICAL AGENCIES AND FROM OTHER RELIABLE SOURCES
AVAILABLE AT THE TIME OF WRITING THE REPORT.
• IN THE LAST REPORT PUBLISHED FOR GUATEMALA, A NATIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX IS
PRESENTED THAT SEEKS TO APPROXIMATE MORE CLOSELY THE DIFFERENCES IN THE ACHIEVEMENTS
OF DIFFERENT GROUPS OVER TIME. IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE COMPARABILITY AND CONSISTENCY, DATA
FROM THE LIVING CONDITIONS SURVEYS OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS, CARRIED OUT IN
2000, 2006, 2011 AND 2014, WERE USED. THIS INDEX IS NOT NECESSARILY COMPARABLE WITH THOSE
PRESENTED IN OTHER NATIONAL AND WORLD REPORTS, BUT IT DOES WITHIN THE GROUPS AND TIMES
PRESENTED WITHIN THE REPORT.
•
4. • THE VARIABLES USED ACCORDING TO DIMENSION ARE THE FOLLOWING:
• HEALTH: A COMPOSITE INDEX WAS USED THAT REFLECTS HEALTH
CONDITIONS IN HOMES: HEALTH PROTECTION, THROUGH THE IGSS OR
INSURANCE, NUMBER OF PEOPLE PER BEDROOM, TYPE OF ACCESS TO
WATER AND SANITATION AND TYPE OF FLOOR IN THE HOME.
• EDUCATION: COMPOSITE INDICATOR THAT INCLUDES EDUCATIONAL
HOPE IN CHILDREN AND SCHOOLING REACHED BY ADULTS OVER 25
YEARS.
• STANDARD OF LIVING: AN AGGREGATE OF LABOR AND NON-FAMILY
LABOR INCOME WAS INCLUDED, ADJUSTED TO INTERNATIONAL PRICES
(IN PPP DOLLARS PER CAPITA). LABOR AND NON-LABOR INCOME PER
CAPITA.
5.
6. • GINI INDEX
• THE GINI COEFFICIENT IS A MEASURE OF THE INEQUALITY DEVISED BY THE ITALIAN STATISTICIAN CORRADO GINI. IT
IS USUALLY USED TO MEASURE INCOME INEQUALITY, WITHIN A COUNTRY, BUT CAN BE USED TO MEASURE ANY
FORM OF UNEQUAL DISTRIBUTION. THE GINI COEFFICIENT IS A NUMBER BETWEEN 0 AND 1, WHERE 0 CORRESPONDS
TO PERFECT EQUALITY (ALL HAVE THE SAME INCOME) AND WHERE THE VALUE 1 CORRESPONDS TO THE PERFECT
INEQUALITY (ONE PERSON HAS ALL THE INCOME AND THE OTHERS NONE ). THE GINI INDEX IS THE GINI
COEFFICIENT EXPRESSED IN REFERENCE TO 100 AS A MAXIMUM, INSTEAD OF 1, AND IS EQUAL TO THE GINI
COEFFICIENT MULTIPLIED BY 100. A VARIATION OF TWO CENTS OF THE GINI COEFFICIENT (OR TWO UNITS OF THE
INDEX) EQUALS TO A DISTRIBUTION OF 7% OF WEALTH FROM THE POOREST SECTOR OF THE POPULATION (BELOW
THE MEDIAN) TO THE RICHEST (ABOVE THE MEDIAN).
• ALTHOUGH THE GINI COEFFICIENT IS MOSTLY USED TO MEASURE INCOME INEQUALITY, IT CAN ALSO BE USED TO
MEASURE INEQUALITY IN WEALTH. THIS USE REQUIRES THAT NOBODY HAS A NEGATIVE NET WEALTH.
7.
8. • THE GINI COEFFICIENT IS CALCULATED AS A PROPORTION OF THE AREAS IN THE LORENZ CURVE DIAGRAM. IF THE AREA
BETWEEN THE LINE OF PERFECT EQUALITY AND THE LORENZ CURVE IS A, AND THE AREA BELOW THE LORENZ CURVE IS B,
THEN THE GINI COEFFICIENT IS A / (A + B).
• THIS PROPORTION IS EXPRESSED AS A PERCENTAGE OR NUMERICAL EQUIVALENT OF THAT PERCENTAGE, WHICH IS ALWAYS
A NUMBER BETWEEN 0 AND 1. THE GINI COEFFICIENT IS OFTEN CALCULATED WITH THE BROWN FORMULA, WHICH IS MORE
PRACTICAL:
• { DISPLAYSTYLE G = LEFT | 1- SUM_ {K = 1} ^ {N-1} (X_ {K + 1} -X_ {K}) (Y_ {K + 1} + Y_ {K}) RIGHT |}
• WHERE:
• G: GINI COEFFICIENT
• X: CUMULATIVE PROPORTION OF THE POPULATION VARIABLE
• Y: ACCUMULATED PROPORTION OF THE VARIABLE INCOME
• IN SUMMARY, THE LORENZ CURVE IS A GRAPH OF CUMULATIVE CONCENTRATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH
SUPERIMPOSED ON THE CURVE OF THE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF THE INDIVIDUALS WHO POSSESS IT, AND ITS
EXPRESSION IN PERCENTAGES IS THE GINI INDEX.
9. • INDEX OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ADJUSTED FOR INEQUALITY (IHDI)
• THE INDEX OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ADJUSTED BY INEQUALITY (IDH-D), PROPOSES A METHOD TO ADJUST THE HDI, IN ORDER TO REFLECT THE
DISTRIBUTION OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ACHIEVEMENTS FOR THE POPULATION AND FOR EACH OF THE DIFFERENT DIMENSIONS. THAT IS, NOT
ONLY CONSIDERS THE AVERAGE ACHIEVEMENTS FOR A GIVEN COUNTRY (IN HEALTH, EDUCATION AND INCOME), BUT IN TURN TAKES INTO ACCOUNT
THE DISTRIBUTION OF THEM THROUGHOUT THE POPULATION, PENALIZING THE AVERAGE VALUE FOR EACH DIMENSION DEPENDING ON HOW
UNEVEN IT IS. IN THIS SENSE, IN AN IDEAL CONTEXT, WHERE THERE WOULD BE PERFECT EQUALITY, THE IDH-D WOULD COINCIDE WITH THE HDI,
WHILE, IN THE PRESENCE OF INEQUITIES, IT WILL BE LOCATED BELOW THE HDI. THEREFORE, WE CAN CONSIDER THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BOTH
INDICES (IDH AND IDH-D) AS A MEASURE OF THE COST OR LOSS IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT THAT ARISES AS A PRODUCT OF INEQUALITY. IN ADDITION,
WE COULD CONSIDER THE HDI AS A POTENTIAL LEVEL FOR A GIVEN COUNTRY IN TERMS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT.
• AS FOR HEALTH, IN THE EVENT THAT LIFE EXPECTANCY IS LESS THAN THE NORMAL AGE OF REPRODUCTION, SOCIETY TENDS TO DISAPPEAR. SO IT
SEEMS CORRECT TO SELECT A LOWER CUT EQUAL TO THAT AGE, WHICH WILL BE IN THE RANGE OF 14 AND 20 YEARS. THE IDH TAKES THE VALUE OF
20 YEARS TO ESTABLISH THE LOWER CUT. REGARDING INCOME, A LOWER LOGICAL CUT IS EQUIVALENT TO THE PRICE OF A BASIC SURVIVAL
BASKET AND INCLUDES ITEMS SUCH AS CLOTHING AND BASIC HOUSING. IN THIS SENSE, THE HDI USES US $ 163 PER CAPITA AS THE LOWER LIMIT
FOR THIS DIMENSION. ON THE OTHER HAND, SUPERIOR COURTS ARE TAKEN BOTH AT THE COMPANY LEVEL AND AT THE INDIVIDUAL LEVEL. FOR
EDUCATION, A CUT OF 12.6 AVERAGE YEARS OF INSTRUCTION IS ESTABLISHED; 20.6 EXPECTED YEARS OF INSTRUCTION IN TERMS OF HEALTH, 83.2
YEARS OF LIFE EXPECTANCY IS ESTABLISHED AS A HIGHER COURT. FINALLY AT THE INCOME LEVEL THE US $ 51,200 PER CAPITA IS TAKEN AS A
REFERENCE TO ESTABLISH THE UPPER LIMIT.
• FOR LIFE EXPECTANCY, DATA FROM TABLES PROVIDED BY UN-ADES ARE USED, WHILE FOR THE AVERAGE YEARS OF SCHOOLING, DATA FROM
HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS AND INTERNATIONAL DATA ARE USED, SUCH AS THE STUDY ON REVENUE FROM LUXEMBOURG, THE DATABASE ON INCOME
DISTRIBUTION OF THE WORLD BANK, THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION'S WORLD HEALTH SURVEY, AMONG OTHERS.
• ONE OF THE MAIN CRITICISMS RECEIVED BY THE HDI ADJUSTED FOR INEQUALITY LIES IN THE INABILITY TO ASSOCIATE, THAT IS, THE COMPARISON
BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT COUNTRIES IS NOT ENTIRELY ACCURATE DUE TO THE DIFFERENT SOURCES FROM WHICH THE DATA USED IS DERIVED.
SECONDLY, QUESTIONS ARISE REGARDING THE RIGOROUS QUALITY OF THE DATA USED TO CONSTRUCT THE INDICATOR. IN CERTAIN OCCASIONS,
IN THE ABSENCE OF OFFICIAL DATA OR OF RELIABLE SOURCES, IT IS NECESSARY TO RESORT TO SOURCES THAT ARE NOT ENTIRELY RELIABLE AND
THAT, THEREFORE, COULD BE PROVIDING ERRONEOUS DATA. AT THE DIMENSIONAL LEVEL, IT IS POINTED OUT THAT DATA ON YEARS OF
SCHOOLING DO NOT REFLECT AN EXACT INEQUALITY. AS AN EXAMPLE: A COUNTRY THAT TAKES AN AVERAGE OF 6 YEARS TO COMPLETE A PHD IS
MORE THAN A COUNTRY THAT TAKES AN AVERAGE OF 4 YEARS
10. • A PROPOSAL TO UPDATE THE CLASSIFICATIONS OF THE
COUNTRIES, IS THROUGH THE MEASUREMENT OF THE HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT INDEX ADJUSTED TO THE INEQUALITY OF EACH
COUNTRY (IDHD), WHICH IS A MEASURE THAT SHOWS THE MOST
GENERAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT OF EACH COUNTRY, BECAUSE
NOT ALL THEY HAVE THE SAME WEALTH AND THE OPPORTUNITY
FOR GROWTH IS ALSO UNEQUAL.4 THAT IS WHY WE WILL SHOW
THE FOLLOWING CLASSIFICATION THAT COULD BE MORE
ACCURATE, WHERE THE MAXIMUM IDHD IS 1.00 AND THE
MINIMUM IS 0.00.
• COUNTRIES WITH IDHD OF 0.800 OR MORE ARE FIRST WORLD
• COUNTRIES WITH IDHD FROM 0.700 TO 0.799 ARE SECOND
WORLD
• THE COUNTRIES WITH IDHD FROM 0.600 TO 0.699 ARE THIRD
WORLD
• COUNTRIES WITH IDHD FROM 0.500 TO 0.599 ARE FROM THE
FOURTH WORLD
• THE COUNTRIES WITH IDHD FROM 0.400 TO 0.499 ARE FROM THE
FIFTH WORLD
• THE COUNTRIES WITH IDHD FROM 0.300 TO 0.399 ARE FROM THE
SIXTH WORLD
• COUNTRIES WITH IDHD FROM 0.200 TO 0.299 ARE SEVENTH
WORLD
• COUNTRIES WITH IDHD FROM 0.100 TO 0.199 ARE FROM THE
EIGHTH WORLD
11. • MEXICO IN THE LIST OF COUNTRIES BY HDI
• MEXICO RANKS 77TH IN THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX, WHICH DOES NOT EVEN REACH THE TOP 30 OF THE LIST MADE BY THE UNITED NATIONS THAT CONSIDERS 188 COUNTRIES.
• FROM LATIN AMERICA, CHILE APPEARS IN POSITION 38 OF THE RANKING, WHILE NORWAY IS THE FIRST PLACE.
• AT FIRST GLANCE, THE LEVEL OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN LATIN AMERICA SEEMS TO BE INCREASING: THE REGION ONLY LAGS BEHIND EUROPE AND ASIA IN THE LATEST REPORT OF
THE UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (UNDP), WHICH ASSESSED WELFARE IN 188 COUNTRIES DURING 2016.
• MEXICANS CURRENTLY HAVE A LIFE EXPECTANCY OF 76 YEARS AND AN AVERAGE OF EIGHT YEARS OF SCHOOLING
• MEXICO IS AMONG THE COUNTRIES WITH THE FASTEST PROGRESS IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE LAST TWO DECADES, SAID ON THURSDAY THE UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM (UNDP), WHICH PRAISED THE PROGRAM OF CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFER OF THE COUNTRY AS A WAY TO COMBAT POVERTY.
• THE UNDP HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2013, PUBLISHED ON THURSDAY IN THE MEXICAN CAPITAL, UNDERLINES THAT THE PROGRESS REGISTERED IN ALMOST ALL THE WORLD IN
TERMS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN 1990 AND 2012 WAS PARTICULARLY ACCENTUATED IN 40 NATIONS OF DIFFERENT REGIONS, INCLUDING BRAZIL, CHILE AND MEXICO.
• THE DOCUMENT, SUBTITLED "THE RISE OF THE SOUTH: HUMAN PROGRESS IN A DIVERSE WORLD", PLACES MEXICO IN 61ST PLACE ON ITS LIST OF 187 COUNTRIES, ACCORDING TO ITS
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI), WHICH TAKES INTO ACCOUNT INCOME PER CAPITA. CAPITA, LIFE EXPECTANCY AND ACCESS TO HEALTH AND EDUCATION, AMONG OTHER
COMPONENTS.
• IT ALSO INDICATES THAT THE MEXICAN HDI HAD GROWTH RATES OF 0.89% FROM 1980 TO 1990, FROM 1% FROM 1990 TO 2000, FROM 0.64% FROM 2000 TO 2010, AND FROM 0.59% FROM
2000 TO 2012.
• WITH AN HDI OF 0.775, THE COUNTRY IS AMONG THE NATIONS WITH HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, ABOVE OTHER COUNTRIES IN THE LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN REGION SUCH AS
COSTA RICA (0.773), GRENADA (0.770), ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA (0.760). ), TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO (0.760) AND VENEZUELA (0.748).
• HOWEVER, IT LAGS BEHIND URUGUAY (0.792), CUBA (0.780) AND PANAMA (0.780), THE REPORT ADDS.
• AMONG THE COMPONENTS OF THE INDEX, MEXICO HAS A LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH OF 77.1 YEARS, 8.5 YEARS AVERAGE SCHOOLING AND A GROSS NATIONAL INCOME PER CAPITA OF
12 THOUSAND 947 DOLLARS.
• UNDP PRAISED THE OPORTUNIDADES DE MÉXICO PROGRAM, DESIGNED TO INCREASE THE INCOME OF POOR FAMILIES AND SUBJECT TO CHILDREN'S SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, MEDICAL
CHECK-UPS AND PARTICIPATION IN COMMUNITY MEETINGS THAT PROVIDE INFORMATION ON HYGIENE AND PERSONAL HEALTH.
• HE SPECIFIED THAT IT IS ONE OF THE LARGEST CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS IN THE WORLD, WHICH DISTRIBUTED ABOUT 3 BILLION DOLLARS TO ABOUT 5 MILLION FAMILIES IN 2012.
• "THE PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO DISRUPT THE INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF POVERTY," SAYS THE REPORT.
12.
13. • CONCLUSION
• AFTER THIS WAY OF ADJUSTING THE CONVENTIONAL HDI, IT WOULD SEEM TO UNDERLIE A DIFFERENT NOTION OF DEVELOPMENT,
WHICH WOULD NOT ONLY BE CONSIDERED BASED ON OBTAINING BETTER AVERAGES IN EACH OF THE THREE DIMENSIONS, BUT
THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE ACHIEVEMENTS IS GIVEN THROUGHOUT OF THE POPULATION BECOMES A KEY FACTOR. THEREFORE,
CONSIDERING THE IDH-D THE CONCEPT OF SOCIAL EQUALITY WOULD BECOME PART OF THE CONCEPTION OF DEVELOPMENT.
ADJUSTING THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX FOR INEQUALITY WOULD ALLOW US TO APPRECIATE WHETHER A CERTAIN LEVEL OF
DEVELOPMENT FOR A POPULATION IS REACHED BY A SIGNIFICANT PART OF THE POPULATION OR ONLY BY A PRIVILEGED MINORITY.
DESPITE ITS LIMITATIONS, THE METHOD IS A GOOD TOOL TO MEASURE THE DISTANCE WITH THE POTENTIAL HDI THAT A GIVEN
COUNTRY CAN REACH IF IT HAD A BETTER DISTRIBUTION OF THAT DEVELOPMENT. THE LOWER THE INEQUALITY, THE GREATER THE
OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION TO HAVE ACCESS TO HIGHER QUALITY HEALTH AND EDUCATION,
DIRECTLY AFFECTING GREATER HUMAN DEVELOPMENT. TO ILLUSTRATE THE USEFULNESS OF THE HDI ADJUSTED FOR INEQUALITY,
CONSIDER AN EXAMPLE. TWO ECONOMIC POWERS, THE UNITED STATES AND GERMANY, ARE COMPARED, WHICH PRESENT A
SIMILAR HDI (0.914 AND 0.911 RESPECTIVELY). IN THIS CASE, DESPITE REGISTERING SIMILAR LEVELS OF HDI, IF WE ADJUST IT TO
THE INEQUALITY, GERMANY IS MUCH CLOSER TO ACHIEVING ITS POTENTIAL HDI THAN THE UNITED STATES, HAVING A LOSS IN THE
RESPECTIVE SUBJECT OF 7.1% OF GERMANY AGAINST 17 , 4% FROM THE UNITED STATES. IN THIS CASE, IT CAN BE SEEN THAT
DESPITE OBTAINING SIMILAR HDI, WHEN CONSIDERING THE DISTRIBUTION WITHIN THE POPULATION, THE RESULTS ARE MIXED.
THEREFORE, IF WE CONSIDER EQUALITY AS A DESIRABLE OBJECTIVE, THE HDI-D WOULD BE MORE SUCCESSFUL, AS A LESS
UNEQUAL DISTRIBUTION ACROSS THE DIFFERENT DIMENSIONS WOULD BE A SIGN OF A MORE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE
LONG TERM.
• JUAN DANIEL ALDABA TORRES . (2018, 18 DE MARZO). MEXICO HDI OBTENIDO DE HTTP://HDR.UNDP.ORG/EN/DATA/
14. • JUAN DANIEL ALDABA TORRES . (2018, 18 DE MARZO). MEXICO HDI OBTENIDO
DE HTTP://HDR.UNDP.ORG/EN/DATA/