Cells combine to form tissues, tissues combine to form organs, and organs combine to form organ systems which make up an organism. The document then provides examples of how smooth muscle cells and epithelial lung cells form tissues that make up organs in the digestive and respiratory systems respectively. It proceeds to define the main tissue types and organ systems in the human body, describing their main functions. Finally, it explains how feedback loops control bodily functions, with negative feedback maintaining homeostasis and positive feedback driving processes away from their set points.

1. Chapter 28

2. Cells make tissues
Tissues make Organs
Organs make Organ
Systems
Organ Systems make an
organism

3. The Digestive System: The Respiratory System:
 Smooth muscle cells  Epithelial lung cells
make: make:
 Intestinal muscle  Epithelial lung tissues,
tissues, which make: which make:
 Intestines, which are  Lungs, which are part
part of the: of the:
 Digestive system  Respiratory system

4.  Epithelial tissue– tightly packed cells that line
organs and make the skin
 Connective Tissue—support, bind together, and
protect tissues and organs. Tendons, ligaments,
bone and cartilage are connective tissues
 Muscle Tissue—produces movement. Skeletal,
cardiac, and smooth muscle
 Nervous Tissue—transmits and receives impulses

5.  Circulatory—heart, blood vessels, blood lymph
nodes, lymphatic vessels. Transports oxygen,
nutrients, and wastes; regulates body
temperature.
 Digestive—mouth, pharynx, esophagus,
stomach, intestines, pancreas, gallbladder, liver.
Breaks down /absorbs nutrients, salts, water;
rids of waste
 Endocrine—hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid,
parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, testes.
Growth, development, metabolism, maintains
homeostasis

6.  Immune—white blood cells, thymus, spleen.
Protects against disease, stores and makes white
blood cells.
 Integumentary—skin, hair, nails, sweat and oil
glands. Barrier to infection, injury, UV rays,
regulates body temperature.
 Muscular—skeletal,smooth, and cardiac
muscles. Produces movement, helps circulate
blood and moves food
 Nervous– brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves.
Processes info., regulates responses

7.  Reproductive—testes, penis, ovaries, fallopian
tubes, uterus, vagina. Produces reproductive
cells, houses an embryo
 Respiratory—nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx,
trachea, lings. Brings in O2, expels CO2 and
water vapor
 Skeletal—bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons.
Supports and protects organs, movement, stores
nutrients, makes red blood cells.
 Excretory—skin, lungs, kidneys, bladder.
Eliminates waste, helps maintain homeostasis

8.  Allparts of the body are controlled by
feedback loops.
 Negative feedback keeps things at set points
(ex. body temperature, blood glucose level,
oxygen levels)
 Positive feedback moves AWAY from a set point
(ex. clotting factors will increase greatly until a
cut stops bleeding, hormones levels are greatly
increased during puberty)