The document discusses safety in the textile sector. It provides an overview of the textile manufacturing process and the associated hazards at each stage. Workers are exposed to chemical, physical, ergonomic, and biological hazards. Chemical hazards include dyes, acids, and alkalis. Physical hazards stem from machinery. Ergonomic hazards include repetitive strain. Biological hazards notably include cotton dust, which can cause byssinosis. The document outlines control measures that can be implemented to improve safety.

2. SAFETY IN TEXTILE
SECTOR
SAFETY IN TEXTILE
SECTOR

3. Presented By:
Institute Of Quality &
Technology Management
Punjab University
Institution / University

4. CONTENTS:
 Introduction
 Textile Manufacturing Process-
Overview
 Work Environment in Textile
Industry & Associated Hazards
 Hazards associated with Key
Textile processes
 Textile Hazards , Consequences
& Control Measures
 Conclusion

5. Presented By: Contents:
1.Sabeena Irfan-
364

6. INTRODUCTION:
o Textile is a term that comes from “texere” which is a Latin word, that
means “to weave". A cloth, especially one manufactured by weaving or
knitting; a fabric.
o Texitile industry is the mechanical facility that converts filament,
fibre or yarn that can be made into fablic or cloth and the resulting
material.
 Approximately 60 million workers are employed in the textile industry
globally and the figure for Pakistan is 15 million
 The number of industries working in this sector is estimated to
be around 670. Out of 670 units, about 400 are member of
the all Pakistan Textile Mills Association (APTMA)

7. MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF TEXTILE
INDUSTRY:
OVERVIEW

8. Total Textile Process at a Glance

9. MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF TEXTILE
INDUSTRY:
Spinning:
Process by which fibers are
converted into yarn.
Weaving:
The process of interlacing at least
two yarns at right angles to form
a fabric. Cloth Is Usually Woven
On a Loom,
Dying:
Process for imparting & applying
color to cotton
Printing:
Production of design or motif on a
substrate
Finishing:
A process physical/chemical
applied to a substrate to produce
a desired effect.
Cotton Bale Blowroom
↓
Carding
↓
Drawing
↓
Combing
↓
Drawing
↓
Roving/ Speed/ Simplex Frame
↓
Ring Spinning
Yarn
Textile Process: Process flow chart of spinning

10. THE WORK ENVIRONMENT IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY
& ASSOCIATED HAZARDS:
 The work environment in the textile mills is hamful due to
noise, dust, and exposure to chemicals. Chemicals generate
liquid waste containing substantial pollutants in the form of
organic and suspended matter, such as fibres and grease
(UNEP, 1991).
 Field works have shown that, in most countries in
production stage, noise levels are beyond the legal limit of
85dB.
 Workers in the textile industry are exposed to airborne dust
containing infectious, allergic and toxic substances.

11. Presented By: Contents:
2.Hafsa Mateen-
3100

12. HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH TEXITILE
INDUSTRY.
 Hazard is any substance or agent that can cause
potential health effect.
 During textile processing the workers are exposed to
various hazards and risks
 Textile Hazards are classified into:
1. Chemical 3.Ergonomic
2. Physical 4. Biological

13. MAJOR SAFETY ISSUES IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY &
ASSOCIATED HAZARDS:

14. KEY TEXTILE PROCESSES AND
HAZARDS INVOLVED
HAZARDS P R O C E S S
Preparation
of yarn
Spinning Knitting Finishing Packaging.
Chemical N N Y Y Y
Physical Y Y Y Y Y
Ergonomics Y Y Y Y Y
Psychosocial Y Y Y Y Y
Biological Y Y Y Y Y

15. HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH KEY TEXTILE
PROCESSES:

16. PHYSICAL HAZARDS:
 Activities related to the maintenance
operations of industry specific
equipment (e.g. cards, spinning
machinery, looms) may expose
workers to physical impacts,
 Cosequences:This may produce pain and
eventual repetitive strain injuries.
 Prevention and control include:
1.the implementation of general protection
measures (e.g. machine guarding and
lock-out-tag-out systems and procedures),
as described in the General EHS
Guidelines.
2.Use of PPEs & safety measures

17. Presented By: Contents:
3.Shakeela Mushtaq-
324

18. ERGONOMIC HAZARDS:
 Increased repetitious work, seated for
long period of time, poor arrangement of
the machine
 Tasks Associated with Injuries and
Illnesses: e.g. Stitching Tasks are
Associated With Pain in the Shoulders,
Wrists, and Hands
 Postural Stress and Lighting
 Psychosocial Considerations: include
stress, production pressure and repetitious
task.
 Noise

19. ERGONOMIC ISSUES DUE TO WORK DESIGN:
INJURIES AND ILLNESSES AMONG TEXTILE WORKERS

20. ERGONOMIC HAZARDS: CONTROL MEASURES
Consequences
Remedial Action/ Measure

21. Presented By: Contents:
4.Hafsa Mateen-
3100

22. NOISE:
 Unwanted/ undesirable
sound due to running
machines and generally
exceeding the permissible
level of 85dB.
 Effects include temporary /
permanent hearing loss,
injury to the ear structure,
Tinnitus
 Scientific
studies have
shown that
hearing loss
can occur
when 8-hour
average
noise
exposure =
or > 85
decibels.

23. NOISE LEVEL IN VARIOUS TEXTILE
PROCESSES

24. NOISE CONTROL MEASURES:
can be lowered by the use of noise
control enclosures, absorbers, silencers
the use of (PPE), such as earplugs.
by administrative controls such as:
1. limiting the time spent in noisy
environment
2. Scheduling noisy operation outside
normal shifts or at distant location
Incorporating control measures in the
design of the machinery,
Noise pollution can be controlled by
paying attention to one or all of the
three elements involved.
Control at Receiver end

25. Presented By: Contents:
5.Sadia Butt-355

26. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS: COTTON DUST
 Biohazard means those
infective agents presenting a
risk of death, injury or illness
to workers
 Byssinosis, commonly known
as Brown Lung, is caused
among textile workers due to
excessive exposure to cotton
dust.
 The symptoms include
tightening of the chest,
coughing, asthma,
respiratory problems.
 For an 8-hour day work,
OSHA Standard has specified
PEL for “Cotton Dust”

27. OSHA STANDARD-PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMITS ( PEL )
FOR “COTTON DUST” FOR DIFFERENT TEXTILE OPERATIONS:

28. FEA FOR COTTON INDUSTRY:

29. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS: COTTON DUST
Consequences Remedial Action / Measure

30. TEXTILE OPERATIONS & COTTON DUST
CONTROL MEASURES:

31. COTTON DUST-CONTROL
MEASURES:
1.Ventilation:General (dilution) ventilation systems supply clean air that
mixes with the air in the workplace, diluting the concentration of the contaminant.

32. COTTON DUST-CONTROL MEASURES:
2.Using Scrubbers:
The Scrubber is one of the most common pollution
control device used by industries.
There are two types of Scrubbers: Wet
Scrubbers & Dry Scrubbers.
The only difference is in case of Dry Scrubbers
‘End Product’ is in solid form while in case of Wet
Scrubbers it is found in liquid form.

33. COTTON DUST-CONTROL MEASURES:
 Dry scrubber  Wet scrubber

34. Presented By: Contents:
6.Amina Khan-376

35. CHEMICAL HAZARDS:
 Chemicals e.g. Sulphuric acid, dyes,
paints, acids, alkalis used in fabric
processing
 Air pollutants such as gases, fumes
and vapour that are inherent in the
material are produced in the process
and can be inhaled or affect the skin,
in addition to chemical hazards of
dyes, paints, acids, alkalis
 Fire can result in fatalities, asset
loss

36. FIRE & EXPLOSION ASSESSMENT (FEA )-

37. CHEMICAL HAZARDS:
Consequences Remedial Action / Measure

38. CONCLUSION:
 Working conditions inside textile industries in Pakistan &
developing countries and their impact on human lives are
much severe
 Dust generations, noise pollution, and exposure to chemicals
are really chronic problems for the Textile Mills workers.
 Management Should create awareness among employees and
they should be supplied with PPEs mask, ear plug etc.
Regular health check up and treatment should be given.
 Managements must take responsibility in all those aspects as
suggested at each step of function & follow OSHA standards
to improve health & safety of workers .