Chapter three of the research project or the research methodology is another significant part in the research project writing. In developing the chapter three of the research project, you state the research method you wish to adopt, the instruments to be used, where you will collect your data and how you collected it. This chapter explains the different methods to be used in the research project. Here you mention the procedures and strategies you will employ in the study such as research design, research area (area of the study), the population of the study, etc. You also tell the reader why you chose a particular method, how you planned to analyze your data. Your methodology should be written in a simple language such that other researchers can follow the method and arrive at the same conclusion or findings.

1. HOW TO WRITE CHAPTER THREE OF YOUR RESEARCHPROJECT
(RESEARCHMETHODOLOGY)
The chapter three of the research project or the research methodology is another
significant part in the research project writing. In developing the chapter three of
the research project, you state the research method you wish to adopt, the
instruments to be used, where you will collect your data and how you collected it.
This chapter explains the different methods to be used in the research project. Here
you mention the procedures and strategies you will employed in the study such as
research design, research area (area of the study), population of the study, etc.
You also tell the reader why you chose a particular method, how you planned to
analyze your data. Your methodology should be written in a simple language such
that other researchers can follow the method and arrive at the same conclusion or
findings.
You can choose a survey design when you want to survey a particular location or
behavior by administering instrument such as structured questionnaire, interview
or experimental; if you intend manipulating some variables.
The purposeof the chapter three (research methodology) is to give an experienced
investigator enough information to replicate the study. Some supervisors do not
understand this and require students to write what is, in effect, a textbook.

2. A research design is used to structure the research and to show how all of the
major parts of the research project, including the sample, measures, and methods of
assignment, work together to address the central research questions in the study.
The chapter should begin with a paragraph reiterating the purposeof the study.
It is very important that before choosing a method, try and ask yourself the
following questions:
Will I generate enough information that will help me to solve the research problem
by adopting this method?
For instance, you are attempting to identify the influence of personality on road
accident, you may wish to look at different personality types, you may also look at
accident records from the FRSC, you may also wish to look at the personality of
drivers that are accident victims, once you adopt this method, you are already
doing a survey, and that becomes your methodology.
Your methodology should aim to provide you with the information to allow you to
come to some conclusions about the personalities that are susceptible to a road
accident or those personality types that are likely to have a road accident.
The following subjects may or may not be in the order required by a particular
institution of higher education, but all of the subjects constitute a defensible
methodology chapter.

3. HOW TO WRITE CHAPTER THREE OF YOUR RESEARCH PROJECT -
WRITING A RESEARCH DESIGN
A qualitative study does not have variables. A scientific study has variable, which
are sometimes mentioned in Chapter 1 and defined in more depth in Chapter 3.
Spell out the independent and dependent, variables. An unfortunate trend in some
institutions is to repeat the research questions and/or hypotheses in both Chapter 1
and Chapter 3. Sometimes an operational statement of the research hypotheses in
null form is given to set the stage for later statistical inferences. In a quantitative
study, state the level of significance that will be used to acceptor reject the
hypotheses.
Pilot Study
In a quantitative study, a survey instrument that the researcher designed needs a
pilot study to validate the effectiveness of the instrument, and the value of the
questions to elicit the right information to answer the primary research questions
in. In a scientific study, a pilot study may precede the main observation to correct
any problems with the instrumentation or other elements in the data collection
technique. Describe the pilot study as it relates to the research design, development
of the instrument, data collection procedures, orcharacteristics of the sample.
Instruments
In a research study, the instrument used to collect data may be created by the
researcher or based on an existing instrument. If the instrument is researcher
created, the process used to select the questions should be described and justified.

4. If an existing instrument is used, the background of the instrument is described
including who originated it and what measures were used to validate it.
If a Likert scale is used, the scale should be described. If the study involves
interviews, an interview protocolshould be developed that will result in a
consistent process ofdata collection across all interviews. Two types of questions
are found in an interview protocol: the primary research questions, which are not
asked of the participants, and the interview questions that are based on the primary
research questions and are asked of the participants.
Procedure
In a qualitative study, this is the section where most of the appendices are itemized,
starting with letters of permission to conductthe study and letters of invitation to
participate with attached consent forms.
Sample: this has to do with the number of your participants or subject as the case
may be.
Analysis (how are you planning to analyze the results?)
HOW TO WRITE CHAPTER THREE OF YOUR RESEARCHPROJECT –
EFFECTIVE GUIDE AND METHODOLOGYSAMPLES
This chapter deals effectively with the research methods to be adopted in
conducting the research, and it is organized under the following sub-headings:
1. Research Design
2. Area of Study

5. 3. Population of the Study
4. Sample and Sampling Techniques
5. Instruments for Data Collection
6. Validity of the Instrument
7. Reliability of the Instrument
8. Administration of the instruments
9. Scoring the instruments
10.Method of Data Collection
11.Method of Data Analysis
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Research Design:
This has to do with the structure of the research instrument to be used in collecting
data. It could be in sections depending on different variables that forms the
construct for the entire topic of the research problems. A reliable instrument with a
wrong research design will adversely affect the reliability and generalization of the
research. The choice of design suitable for each research is determined by many
factors among which are: kind of research, research hypothesis, scope of the
research, and the sensitive nature of the research.
Area of Study:
Research Area; this has to do with the geographical environment of the study area
where the places is located, the historical background when necessary and

6. commercial activities of that geographical area. For example, the area of the study
is Ebonyi State University. At the creation of Ebonyi State in 1996, the Abakaliki
campus of the then ESUT, was upgraded to Ebonyi State University College by
Edict no. 5 of Ebonyi State, 1998 still affiliated to ESUT with Prof. Fidelis Ogah,
former ESUT Deputy Vice-Chancellor as the first Rector. In 1997, the Faculty of
Applied and Natural Sciences with 8 departments was added to the fledging
University and later in 1998 when the ESUT Pre-Science Programme was
relocated to Nsukka, the EBSUC Pre-Degree School commenced lectures in both
Science and Arts in replacement of the former. This study focused on the students
of Business Education department in Ebonyi state university.
Population of the Study
Population is regarded in research work as the type of people and the group of
people under investigation. It has to be specific or specified. For example:
educational study teachers in Lagos state. Once the population is choosen, the next
thing is to choose the samples from the population.
According to Uma (2007), population is referred to as the totality of items or object
which the researcher is interested in. It can also be total number of people of an
area of study. Hence, the population of this study comprised of all the students in
the department of Business Education, Ebonyi State University which is made up
of year one to four totaling 482. The actual number for the study was ascertained
using Yaro-Yamene’s formula which stated thus:

7. n = N
1-N (e)2
Where;
N is the Population
1 is constant
e is the error margin
Then, n = 482
1+482(0.05)2
482
1+1.16
= 482
2.16
= 214.35 approximately 214

8. Sample and sampling technique:
It may not be possible to reach out the number of people that form the entire
population for the study to either interview, observe or serve them with copies of
questionnaire. To be realistic, the sample should be up to 20% of the total
population. Two sampling techniques are popular among all the sampling
techniques. These are random and stratified random sampling techniques. (A). in
Random Sampling, the writers select any specific number from a place like school,
village, etc. (B). In Stratified Random Sampling, one has to indicate a specific
number from a stratum which could be a group of people according to age,
qualification, etc. or different group from different location and different
consideration attached.
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Instruments for Data Collection:
This is a device or different devices used in collecting data. Example: interview,
questionnaire, check list, etc. instrument is prepared in sets or subsections, each set
should be an entity thus asking questions about a particular variable to be tested
after collecting data. The type of instrument used will determine the responses
expected. All questions should be well set so as to determine the reliability of the
instrument.
Validity of the Instrument

9. This has to do with different measures in order to determine the validity and
reliability of the research instrument. For example presenting the drafted
questionnaire to the supervisor for scrutiny. Giving the questionnaire to the
supervisor for useful comments and corrections would help to validate the
instrument.
Reliability of the Instrument
The test-retest reliability method is one of the simplest ways of testing the stability
and reliability of an instrument over time. Test-retest approachwas adopted by the
researcher in establishing the reliability of the instrument. In doing this 25 copies
of the questionnaire were administered on twenty five selected respondents. After
two weeks another 25 copies of the same questionnaire were re-administered on
the same group. Their responses onthe two occasions were correlated using
Pearsons ProductMoment Correlation. A co-efficient of 0.81 was gotten and this
was high enough to consider the instrument reliable.
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Administration of the instruments:

10. Here, the writer states whether he/ she administer the test personally or through
assistant. He also indicates the rate of return of the copies of the questionnaire
administered.
Scoring the instruments:
Here items on the questionnaire or any other device used must be assign numerical
values. For example: 4 points to strongly agree, 3 points to agree, 2 points to
disagree and 1 point to strongly disagree.
Table of Analysis
S/N Item SA A D SD
ONCE TWICE THRICE
Method of Data Collection

11. The researcher collected data using the questionnaire. Copies of the questionnaire
were administered by the researcher on the respondents. All the respondents were
expected to give maximum co-operation, as the information on the questionnaire
are all on things that revolve around their study. Hence, enough time was taken to
explain how to tick or indicate their opinion on the items stated on the research
questionnaire.
Method of Data Analysis
In this study, mean was used to analyze the data collected. A four (4) point Likert
scale was used to analysis each of the questionnaire items.
The weighing was as follows:
VGE—————- Very Great Extent (4 points)
GE—————– Great Extent (3 points)
LE—————– Little Extent (2 points)
VLE—————- Very Little Extent (1 point)
And;
SA—————– Strongly Agree (4 points)
A——————-Agree (3 points)

12. D—————— Disagree (2 points)
SD—————-Strongly Disagree (1 point)
The mean of the scale will then be determined by summing up the points and
dividing their number as follows with the formula:
x = ∑fx
N
= = 2.5
Where; x= mean
f= frequency
X= Nominal value of the option
∑= summation
N= Total Number
Therefore, the mean of the scale is 2.5.

13. This means that any item statement with a mean of 2.50 and above is considered
agreed by the respondents and any item statement below 2.5 is considered
disagreed.