The document discusses the standard error of measurement (SEM) and estimated true score. It defines SEM as the standard deviation of a student's scores if they took the same test repeatedly, showing how reliable a test is. SEM can estimate how much a student's score may change on a similar retest. It then introduces estimated true score as another way to better estimate a student's achievement level by calculating their score relative to the group mean while accounting for measurement error using the reliability coefficient. An example calculation is provided.

1. By: Teri Smith

2.  The simplest, most non-technical way to
think of the standard error of measurement
(SEM) is the following:
 If a single student were to take the same test
repeatedly (with no new learning taking place
between testings and no memory of question
effects), the standard deviation of his/her
repeated test scores is denoted as the
standard error of measurement.

3. You use SEM to determine how reliable a test
is and if you can have confidence in the
scores you get from that test.
You would use SEM in your classroom to find
out how much that students score could
change on re-testing with the same test or
something close to the same test.
 The test scores could be considered an
estimate of the student’s achievement level.

4. This video is about Standard Error of
Measurement and how to calculate it and
why you may use Standard Error Of
Measurement
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PZDD
Wd-jUzM
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nuxg-qoqPTw

5. www.tea.state.tx.us/WorkArea/linkit.aspx
?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=...
 http://www.indiana.edu/~best/bweb3/test-reliability/

6. By: Teri Smith

7.  “True” Score is a calculation that is
founded in theory and research that the
farther from a test mean a particular
student’s score is , the greater the chance
for error within the obtained score. (123)
This is just another way of calculating a
students score but is supposed to be a
better estimation than Standard Error of
Measurement.

8.  “True” score is a powerful model for
measurement it reminds us that most
measurement has an error component.
 The estimated “true” scores can be used to find
a range of scores by using the standard error of
measurement for the estimated “true” score.

9. Estimated True Score= M + r( X – M)
• M = mean of group of which person is a member
• r = reliability coefficient
• X = obtained score

10.  Using the formula for estimated “true” score,
the calculation for an obtained score of 115
with an r of .78 and a mean of 100.
• Estimated “true” score = 100 + .78 (115 – 100)
=100 + .78 (15)
=100 + .11.7
=111.7
In this example, 111.7 is closer to the mean of 100 than
115.

11. Assessing Learners with Special Needs an
Applied Approach.
 http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/tr
uescor.php