The document discusses mixed method research design. It defines mixed methods research as collecting both quantitative and qualitative data in a single study and analyzing the results. There are four basic mixed method designs: convergent parallel, explanatory sequential, exploratory sequential, and embedded. The document outlines the key steps in conducting a mixed methods study, including determining feasibility, identifying a rationale, developing research questions, collecting and analyzing data, and writing the report. It also discusses criteria for evaluating mixed methods studies and potential ethical issues.
Definition
A procedure used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data.
This is done due to the fact that it is believed that both types of studies will provided a clearer understanding of what is being studied.
“It consists of merging ,integrating ,linking ,or embedding the two “strands””(Ceswell,2012).
Triangulation research is all about the integration of data, method, investigators, and settings. there is a description of various types of triangulation and their impact on the validity of the results. there is a slight introduction to meta-analysis and systematic review.
Definition
A procedure used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data.
This is done due to the fact that it is believed that both types of studies will provided a clearer understanding of what is being studied.
“It consists of merging ,integrating ,linking ,or embedding the two “strands””(Ceswell,2012).
Triangulation research is all about the integration of data, method, investigators, and settings. there is a description of various types of triangulation and their impact on the validity of the results. there is a slight introduction to meta-analysis and systematic review.
Chapter 10
Mixed Methods Procedures
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Components of Mixed Methods Procedures
Creswell, Research Design 5e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
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Creswell, Research Design 5e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
Components of Mixed Methods Procedures
Describe mixed methods research:
Because it is still somewhat unknown in the social and human sciences as a distinct research approach
a. Begin by defining mixed methods
Collection of both qualitative and quantitative data
Rigorous methods (collection, analysis and interpretation)
Integration of the two forms of data
Procedures incorporated into a distinct methods design
Often informed by philosophy or theory
Creswell, Research Design 5e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
*
Creswell, Research Design 5e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
Components of Mixed Methods Procedures
Describe mixed methods research:
b. TerminologiesMany different terms are used for this approach; recent writings tend to use the term mixed methods
c. Background of mixed methods reviewing the history of this approach to research
Creswell, Research Design 5e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
*
Creswell, Research Design 5e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
Components of Mixed Methods Procedures
Describe mixed methods research:
d. Reasons for choosing mixed methodsComparing perspectivesExplaining quantitative results with qualitative
Developing contextual measurement instrumentsAugmenting experiments by incorporating the perspectives of individuals
Developing casesUnderstanding changes needed for marginalized groupEvaluating processes and outcomes
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Types of Mixed Methods Designs
Creswell, Research Design 5e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
*
Creswell, Research Design 5e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
Types of Mixed Methods Designs
Convergent mixed methods design
(Figure 10.1)
i. Description of the design
Collects both quantitative and qualitative data,
Analyzes them separately,
Compares the results to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other
Creswell, Research Design 5e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
*
Creswell, Research Design 5e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
Types of Mixed Methods Designs
Convergent mixed methods design (Figure 10.1)
ii. Data collection
Use the same or parallel variables, constructs, or concepts
iii. Data analysis and integration
Analyze qualitative database
Analyze quantitative database
Integrate the two
Joint display – merge forms of data in a single visual display
Creswell, Research Design 5e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
*
Creswell, Research Design 5e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
Convergent mixed methods design:
iv. Interpretation
Discussion section compares results and notes convergence or divergence
v. Validity
Quantitative validity (e.g., construct)
Qualitative validity (e.g., triangulation)
Mixed methods validity (e.g., unequal sample sizes)
Creswell, Research Design 5e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
*
Types of Mixed Methods Designs
Creswell, Research Design 5e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
B. Explanatory sequential mixed methods design:
i. Description of the design
Involves a ...
Qualitative & Quantitative Research Methods.docxSobiaAlvi
Content List
Topic: Concept of Qualitative & Quantitative Research Design
1. Quantitative Research
2. Qualitative Research
Topic: Comparison of Qualitative & Quantitative Research
1. Qualitative Vs. Quantitative Research – A Comparison
References
peer 1 Traditionally, there are three branches of methodology q.docxbartholomeocoombs
peer 1
Traditionally, there are three branches of methodology: quantitative (numeric data), qualitative (observational or interview data), and mixed methods (using both types of data).
The purpose of the Qualitative research method is to reveal a target audience’s range of behavior and the perceptions that drive it with reference to specific topics or issues. This analysis uses small groups of people vs larger groups to for the purposes of developing and establishing a hypotheses. When study is concluded the results are summarized in a manner that is descriptive.
This form of research was developed by both the social and behavioral sciences and includes “in-depth interviews with individuals, group discussions (from two to ten participants is typical); diary and journal exercises; and in-context observations” (http://www.qrca.org). Because of the advancements of today, studies are conveniently conducted “in person, by telephone, via videoconferencing and via the Internet”( http://www.qrca.org) vs on site in most cases.
According to Research Qualitative Research is useful because it does the following (http://www.qrca.org):
·
Provides Several unique aspects of qualitative research contribute to rich, insightful results:
·
Creates Synergy among respondents, as they build on each other’s comments and ideas.
·
Improves the
dynamic nature of the interview or group discussion process, which engages respondents more actively than is possible in more structured survey.
·
Provides the opportunity to probe ("Help me understand why you feel that way") enabling the researcher to reach beyond initial responses and rationales.
·
Provides opportunity to observe, record and interpret non-verbal communication (i.e., body language, voice intonation) as part of a respondent’s feedback, which is valuable during interviews or discussions, and during analysis.
·
Provides the opportunity to engage respondents in "play" such as projective techniques and exercises, overcoming the self-consciousness that can inhibit spontaneous reactions and comments
On the otherhand, the quantitative method of research focuses on “objective measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis” (http://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/quantitative) This is done through the collection of data that may be
collected through the use of
“polls, questionnaires, and surveys, or by manipulating pre-existing statistical data using computational techniques” (http://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/quantitative). Unlike the Qualitative method. It analyzes
numerical data and compares it in a form that is more general when observing groups of people it uses the same approach to explain a particular phenomenon based on research.
The Mixed Methods simply includes the benefits of both methods and it has both Strengths and Challenges. Based on my research this method is useful because it enables the researcher to “meanfully interpret data and the topic that is being examined.
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The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
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Ppt of mixed method design
1. Research Methodology
Mixed Method Design
Presented by:
Netra Kumar Manandhar
Kathmandu University
School of Education
Course Facilitator: Mr. Binod Pd. Pant
6/7/2017
manandharnetra999@gmail.com
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2. 1. What is mixed method design ?
2. Different types of ‘mixed method design’
3. Key characteristics of mixed method design
4. Steps of conducting a mixed methods study.
5. Criteria for evaluating a mixed method study
6. Potential ethical issues in MMR design
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Presentation Outlines…
3. How would we combine two types of data?
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Qualitative Text Data
This is a sample of a text
file of words that might be
collected on interview
transcripts, observation
field notes, or optically-
scanned documents.
Quantitative Numeric Data
2 3 4 2 5 2 3 1 1 2 3 4 2 3 3 2 1
1 1 5 3 4 1 2 3 1 4 4 5 5 4 1 2 1
4 3 3 5 1 4 2 3 1 5 5 2 2 1 5 3 5
1 3 1 5 3 2 2 5 1 3 2 4 4 3 1 2 4
2 2 4 1 5 5 4 2 1 5
6. How methods can be mixed ?
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Types of mixing Reasons
1. Two types of research question. One fitting a quantitative approach and the
other qualitative.
2. The manner in which the research
questions are developed.
Preplanned (quantitative) versus
participatory/emergent (qualitative).
3. Two types of sampling procedure. Probability versus purposive.
4. Two types of data collection
procedures.
Surveys (quantitative) versus focus groups
(qualitative).
5. Two types of data analysis. Numerical versus textual (or visual).
6. Two types of data analysis. Statistical versus thematic.
7. Two types of conclusions. Objective versus subjective interpretations.
7. Collects both quantitative and qualitative data
‘Mixes’ them
‘Mixes’ them at the same time(concurrently) or one after
another (sequentially)
Emphasizes both equally or unequally
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A mixed method researcher…
8. Definition
Mixed methods research is a procedure for collecting,
analyzing and “mixing” both quantitative and qualitative
methods in a single study or a series of studies to
understand a research problem. -Creswell & Plano
Clark(2011)
The purpose of this form of research is that both
qualitative and quantitative research, in combination,
provide a better understanding of a research problem or
issue than either research approach alone.
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9. When do we conduct a mixed methods study ?
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When…..
we have both quantitative and qualitative data
one type of research is not enough to explain or to
answer the question
we want qualitative research to help explain quantitative
findings
we want to generalize findings to a large population
we want to provide alternative perspectives in a study
10. 1. The convergent Parallel Design
2. The Explanatory Sequential Design
3. The Exploratory Sequential Design
4. The Embedded Design
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Four
Basic
Design
of MMR
1. The Transformative Design
2. The Multiphase Design
Complex Design of
MMR
13. The Explanatory Design
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An explanatory sequential mixed methods design consists of first
collecting quantitative data and then collecting qualitative data to help
explain or elaborate on the quantitative results.
Example: You first conduct a survey and then follow up with a few
individuals who answered positively to the questions through interviews
14. Continue…
Characteristic
Data collection:- 2-phases
Data Collection Priority (Quantitative Data)
Sequence (First Quantitative Data and then Qual.)
Use of Data (To Refine, Polish, Elaborate)
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15. Viewing the study as a two-phase project
It involves the procedure of first gathering qualitative data to explore
a phenomenon and then collecting quantitative data to explain
relationship found in the qualitative data.
Example: You collect qualitative diary entries, analyze the data for
themes, and then develop an instrument based on the themes to
measure attitudes on a quantitative survey administered to a large
sample.
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The Exploratory Design
17. The Embedded Design
Both forms of data goes simultaneously or sequentially
but one form of data play supportive role to other form
The researcher ….
Gives priority to the major form of data collection ( Quant. Most
often)
Collects second form of data to support the first form (most often
Qual.)
The secondary method is “embedded” or “nested” within the
predominant method and addresses a different question.
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18. Continue…
Characteristic
Data Collection Priority (Often Quant./Often Qual.)
Sequence (Sequentially / Simultaneously)
Use of Data (To Provide additional Source or
Argument)
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19. The Transformative Design
Use one of four mixed research design
Framework provides orienting lens for the mixed method design
The intent
o To address social issues faced by the group of people
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20. The Multiple Design
1. Use any one of four design
2. Most complex design
3. Examine problem or topic through a series of phases or separate studies
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21. Major Characteristics of MMR Design
Provide a rationale for the design
Include collecting both (Quant. & Qual.) data
Consider Priority:- Weight of data
Consider Sequence: - Sequence of data collection
Match the data analysis to a design: - challenging procedure
Diagram the procedures
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22. Steps of Conducting Mixed Method Study
Step 1:- Determine if a mixed methods study is ‘feasible’
Step 2:- Identify a rationale for mixing methods
Step 3:- Identify a data collection strategy
Step 4:- Develop Quant., Qual. & Mixed methods Questions
Step 5:- Collect Quant. & Qual. Data
Step 6:- Analyze data separately, concurrently, or both
Step 7:-Write the ‘report’ as a one or two-phase or a multiple
phase study
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23. Diagram of steps of mixed method
designs
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24. Criteria for evaluating MMR Design
Describes that mixed method is the best approach to answer the
research questions.
Incorporates both qual. & quant. data collection and analysis
Explicitly combines or mixes the two datasets
Frames the study within one of the MMR design
Provides a diagram of the procedures – timing, priority, and mixing
Signals to the reader that the study is using MMR design
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25. Major Ethical Issues in MMR Design
In convergent design:- the two different sample size (Quant. & Qual.)
In an explanatory design:- need large quant. Data to follow up qual.
database – participant may not provide the actual data
In an embedded design:- for initial qualitative interviews – place
participants into a control group – no beneficial treatment
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26. Some strengths of MMR…
Can be easy to describe and to report
Can be useful when unexpected results arise from a prior
study
Can help to generalize qualitative data
Helpful in designing and validating an instrument
Can position research in a transformative framework
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27. Some weaknesses of MMR…
Maximum Time required.
Discrepancies between different types of data.
Can be difficult to decide when to proceed in
sequential designs.
Little guidance on transformative methods.
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28. References
Creswell, J. W. (20015). Research design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed
Method Approaches. 5th ed.
Bryman, A. (2008). Social research methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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