How To Write A Great College Essay, Step-By-Step - To G

How To Write A Great College
Essay, Step-By-Step - To G
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How To Write A Great College Essay, Step-By-Step - To G How To Write A Great College Essay, Step-By-Step -
To G

Marketing Theories Applied, And Calculations Essay
Marketing Theories Applied, and Calculations Return on Investment with Social Media Marketing
While these mobile opportunities were enticing, Ms. Bornstein still had to make a business case to
Suliteanu. It would be necessary to define key metrics to measure the success of social media, video,
and mobile for 2011 and beyond, as part of her long term strategy for Sephora s online media
spending. To measure its return on investment, Ms. Bornstein reviewed a Third Party Social Media
Evaluation Framework (Ofek Wagonfield, 2012, Exhibit 14). Using this framework, Ms. Bornstein
could measure the current investments Sephora was making in its social media and make three key
arguments in her proposal. First, Sephora successfully generated a wide range of interactions with its
social media (See Appendix, Exhibit 1). According to the third party, consumers could be sorted into
three categories based on their levels of engagement: Advocates, Followers, and Searchers. Using a
conversion rate, Sephora can see clearly that its social media participants turned into buyers. Ms.
Bornstein must direct her attention to these metrics as they provide the most straight forward return on
investment numbers for Sephora s social media outlet. Second, Ms. Bornstein already knows the value
of its Facebook followers. Sephora entered the Facebook scene in 2008 by creating a Facebook Fan
Page. By 2009, it had 300,000 followers and by September 2010, it had 812,000. Based on the
analysis of an
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Money And Money In Geoffrey Chaucer s The Canterbury Tales
Last year alone Americans spent 70.15 billion dollars on lottery tickets. This exemplifies people s
desire for money and all the luxurious factors that coincide with wealth. For example, in the poem,
The Canterbury Tales, written by Geoffrey Chaucer, a major theme of money and greed is discussed in
the Pardoner s Tale. The story shared by the Pardoner involves three drunken and greedy men who go
on a hunt for death, but in the process they encounter gold sprawled out beneath a tree. Each
individual devises a plan so they could gain the most money, however when all their plans occur it
leads to all three of the men dying due their abundance of greed. Overall, this story can teach people in
our current society that people s desire for wealth and money never comes without a serious cost.
Since the beginning of time the drive to acquire wealth was always a prominent thought in people s
mind. People believe that with money comes happiness and power. However, in today s world and in
the story told by the Pardoner in Canterbury Tales many instances prove that theory to be wrong. For
example, the Pardoner a man of pure acquisitiveness completes his job of preaching about avarice for
the sole purpose of gaining money from the people he preaches too. As stated in the following line, the
Pardoner values wealth immensely and believes it will provide him with everything he needs in life,
The curse of avarice and cupidity Is all my sermon, for it frees the pelf. Out come the pence,

photo 100 Essay
Question 1: A pixel is the basic binary digit used by computers. You Answered: False Correct Answer:
False Question 2: The Bauhaus was a pre World War II advertising agency that notably used Laszlo
Moholy Nagy s photographs. You Answered: False Correct Answer: False Question 3: A lower ISO
number means the camera is more sensitive to light, whereas a higher number means the camera is
less sensitive to light. You Answered: True Correct Answer: False Question 4: The shutter speed and
the sensor chip are the primary controls for adjusting the amount of light that enters the camera. You
Answered: False Correct Answer: False Question 5: Laszlo Moholy Nagy generally abided by the
strict ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You Answered: True Correct Answer: True Question 7: Giacomo Battista Beccaria and Johann
Heinrich Schultz independently discovered silver nitrate, a substance more light sensitive than silver
chloride. You Answered: False Correct Answer: False Question 8: Which of the following early digital
cameras was popular with photojournalists when it was first introduced? You Answered: Kodak DCS
200 Correct Answer: Kodak DCS 200 Question 9: Whose research served as the foundation of modern
optics? You Answered: Ibn al Haytham Correct Answer: Ibn al Haytham Question 10: Which of the
following was the subject of one of the first public demonstrations of television? You Answered: the
1936 Berlin Olympics Correct Answer: the 1936 Berlin Olympics Question 11: Videotape was
invented in which year? You Answered: 1956 Correct Answer: 1956 Question 12: Campbell Swinton s
system used which of the following to capture and display images? You Answered: electronically
sweeping cathode ray tubes Correct Answer: electronically sweeping cathode ray tubes Question 13:
Which of the following is NOT true of the first digital camera? You Answered: it provided an
immediate advantage over film Correct Answer: it provided an immediate advantage over film
Question 14: The first advances in optics began in which century? You Answered: 700 BC

Law 421 Contracts
Contracts
Contracts are an important part of everyday life. They are an essential part of business. As a student of
a business law class, I will discuss in this paper several aspects of contracts. This paper will give a
definition of a contract and the essential elements necessary to form a valid contract. It will briefly
discuss breach of contract and the difference between a material breach and a nonmaterial breach of
contract. Examples of legal and equitable remedies available for breach of contracts will be
highlighted. Also, legal excuses for nonperformance or other grounds for discharge of contracts will
be addressed. Finally, three types of common contracts personally and professionally encountered will
be mentioned.
A ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Contracts can be discharged by complete performance or material non performance of the contractual
duty. For example: A contractor does not do any work promised on a bathroom, or almost none, then
the homeowner does not owe him anything. Therefore, the homeowner the non breaching party is
discharged and the contractor is liable for the breach of contract (lectriclaw, 2012). A cancellation can
be effected if one party breaches the contract, or a termination can occur when either party lawfully
ends the contract for anything other than a breach. In this case, all executor duties are discharged on
both sides but in the event of a partial breach, there is still a right to seek a remedy (lectriclaw, 2012).
Procedures dealing with all aspects of contracts are a part of everyday transactions and can affect
every individual on one level or another.
In everyday living, contracts can be a basic part of individual life. On a personal level, there are
several types of contracts that have been encountered. These contracts are life, health, and automobile
insurance that is a benefit for the person insured in case something happens such as a death, a hospital
stay or a car accident. Also, there are employment contracts that are signed when one accepts a job
such as an employment application, and service contracts such as contractors performing work on my
home. These are basic examples of how contracts affect everyday life on a personal

Power Struggle In The Film Terms Of Endearment
The three films that I have chosen all have a power struggle between the mother and daughter. First,
Terms of Endearment (1983) directed by James L. Brook, is about a complex mother daughter
relationship. In this movie, the mother, Aurora (Shirley MacLaine) has always had a peculiar way of
how she was affectionate and caring for her daughter. Aurora goes out of her way to assure herself that
her daughter is safe. The movie actually started off with Aurora climbing into the baby s crib to make
sure the baby was breathing and alive. She wasn t the most ordinary mother out there when it came to
showing her feelings; it was always a bit too much to handle. After the death of her husband, Aurora
and her daughter were all each other had, and that s when the love/hate ... Show more content on
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When Aurora isn t pleased by her daughter s choices, she didn t budge easily to change her mind. This
is one of the many examples of struggle between the mother and daughter. Time flies by, and Emma
returns home with her three children because she finds out about Flap s secret affair. Even after the
years they spent apart from each other, they both came together for support during Emma s crisis.
Some more time passes by and Emma finds out about an illness that she will not survive. Aurora and
Flap come to Emma s aid at this dreadful time. Aurora, being as tired and devastated that she is about
her daughter, spends all her time to make sure Emma has everything she needs. Watching Emma s
illness progress, Flap and Emma decide that the best place for their children is with Aurora. Emma
shortly dies and the all is left is Aurora and the children (Terms of Endearment, movie). This movie is
what we started this class off with and I feel that for this paper it s a perfect example of how maternal
melodrama is shown in

Naked Mole Rat Research Paper
The Naked Mole Rat
The naked mole rat is a very fascinating little creature. Naked mole rats are more closely related to
porcupines, chinchillas, and guinea pigs than they are to moles or rats and are the only species of mole
rat that has practically no fur (Zielinski). It s not very cute to look at. They are pinkish tan, with
wrinkled skin, and a tail. They do not have fur, hence the name naked. They do have very fine hairs on
their body to help them feel what s around them. They are also known as a sand puppy. It s closely
related to the blesmols (Hagan). The have big, strong sharp incisors. These are used for digging
tunnels and gnawing on roots and tubers that grow underground from trees and plants.
They also eat their own poop, to

En Busca Del Dinero. Ensayo Sobre El Libro de Padre Rico,...
EN BUSCA DEL DINERO.
En la actualidad, la enseñanza que se inculca en las familias, especialmente en las regiones que se
encuentran en un subdesarrollo económico y en donde existe grandes obstáculos para lograr escapar
de la pobreza, esta basada en la idea la de brindarles una educación enfatizada en la adquisición de
conocimientos que puedan formar intelectualmente a los hijos para que así logren conseguir un buen
trabajo que los lleve a salir de sus aflicciones monetarias y tener un mejor nivel de vida. Pero no
siempre un buen puesto trabajo puede traer beneficios, por lo contrario, si no tiene un buen
conocimiento financiero se puede contraer un gran numero de deudas a causa de prestamos, impuestos
o tarjetas de crédito, que lo van a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pues como bien lo dice el autor en esta obra: La gente trabaja toda su vida para alguien más..., las
personas no atienden sus propios negocios. Pasan sus vidas atendiendo el negocio de alguien más y
enriqueciendo a esa persona. Lo cual ratifica que una persona debe tener su propio negocio, que le
genere ganancias así no se encuentre físicamente en el; no hay que dejar de lado que además de
lucrase con su negocio, le esta haciendo un bien a la economía, ya que esta creando posibles nuevos
empleos, si se tratase de una empresa o compañía, y también inyectando flujos de capital.
Todos tenemos un potencial tremendo y todos hemos sido bendecidos con dones. Sin embargo algo
que nos frena a todos es la duda sobre nosotros mismos. No se trata de la forma técnica sino de la falta
de confianza en nosotros mismos, y no nos digamos mentiras si una persona no tiene seguridad y
firmeza, no es capaz de llegar muy lejos, porque el mismo se hará caer a causa de sus dudas. En la
actualidad y a través de las historia se ha demostrado que no es el más inteligente el que va adelante,
sino el que se atreve, el que no se reprime y es capaz de sacar el mejor provecho de las situaciones a
las que se enfrenta, que ante cualquier

A Report On The s Change Model, Balance Scorecard And...
Executive Summary
This report will address strategy implementations for BBC3. The BBC have suggested to close BBC3.
However from our SWOT (appendix 1) and Porters 5 forces analysis (appendix 2) it was concluded
that they should not do this. Instead the BBC should keep BBC3 and close BBC4.
This report looks at how the change can be implemented using Lewin s Change Model, Balance
Scorecard and effective leadership.
Introduction
According to Hrebiniak (2006), formulating a consistent strategy is a difficult task however
implementing it is even more difficult. Noble, (1999b) suggested that strategy implementation is often
seen as a craft, rather than a science.
According to the Balanced Scorecard Collaborative (2007), there are four reasons ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
From the analysis it has been concluded that the BBC should keep BBC3 on the TV and instead
remove BBC4.
One reason for this strategy has been suggested is because the BBC have many diversified products to
meet requirement of each customer (BBC, 2014). However, BBC3 is the only channel that caters to
the younger market, 16 34 year olds, therefore by removing this from TV they would no longer have a
channel for this market. It has been found that youth are already underserved and older audiences are
over served (Plunkett, 2014) therefore by removing BBC3 from the TV they would be further
underserved. Additionally, there has been a signed petition against the BBC3 proposal (Change.org
2015) suggesting that its customers do not want it to be taken off TV. Furthermore 16% of UK
households don t have access to internet and by removing BBC3 from the TV that 16% of the market
will not be able to access it.
BBC4 have 2 million less viewers than BBC3 each week (BBC 2015). Additionally, BBC4 has many
repeat shows on the channel and also similar shows to BBC2 therefore by closing BBC4 instead of
BBC3 the BBC would lose less customers. Closing BBC4 would involve transferring longstanding
programmes that are shown on BBC4 to BBC 2 as the two channels are already working closely
together (BBC 2015).
Implementation
Change
Kurt Lewin (1947) developed a change model that involves three steps: unfreezing, changing and

Total Quality Management Theory
Introduction
Most organizational management theories descend either from Frederick Taylor s scientific
management theory or from Elton Mayo s human relations model. Total Quality Management (TQM)
theory grew out of existing organizational management theories, in part, as a response to the problems
in those theories. Edwards Deming and Joseph Juran are most responsible for the development of
TQM. Deming and Juran began work on TQM in the 1930s and continued shaping the management
model into the 1990s. During the 1930s, Deming and Juran studied with Walter Shewhart who
developed Statistical Quality Control (SQC) theory. SQC argued that as quality improves, costs go
down and productivity increases. SQC provided for continuous ... Show more content on
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And the goal of the TQM model is to provide a systematic way to meet customers expectations. This
orientation calls for changing the organization s focus, considering how this change impacts on
traditional performance measures, and identifying the customers and determining their relative
importance. This section will now analyze how IS Admissions might implement Total Quality
Management theory as a method of organizational effectiveness. IS Admissions a production
organization is responsible for processing applications for admission to the COT. If IS Admissions
implemented the core concepts of TQM theory identified in this essay, the office would be managed as
follows: 1. Promoting stakeholder satisfaction will be championed by the program manager. Juran
defines stakeholders and customers those who will be impacted or affected by the products and
processes required to attain the quality goals. IS Admissions should consider current and potential
customers and stake holders both internal and external. External customers or stakeholders are those
directed served by IS Admissions. Internal customers or stakeholders are the individuals or groups that
receive the results from any individual s work. An organization must meet the needs of both internal
and external customers. A cross functional work groups represented by all relevant departments will
serve in this quality planning activity. Through quality

Native Language And Indigenous Language
Language is one of many components that identify a group of people to their culture. Unfortunately,
there are quite a few obstacles that challenge indigenous people learning their native language. The
loss of a language distances groups farther from their native roots, which is exactly opposite of the
efforts being made in Canada. Learning and practicing an indigenous language fulfills one s role as an
engaged citizen and allows for engagement within a culture. The McGill Tribune published Jenny
Shen s article discussing these common issues regarding revitalizing indigenous languages in Canada.
Shen interviews Chelsea Vowel, a woman of Métis descent, who has committed herself to indigenous
language education. Vowel states, The language is what holds our culture together like glue. There is
no separation in my mind. She also points out that it has become harder for people of indigenous
descent to learn their language for a number of reasons. Problems that arise consist of not being
completely engaged in the native language, deciphering between dialects, and funding issues. The loss
of indigenous languages in Canada is a contemporary issue of great concern because many indigenous
and nonindigenous people realize the extent of culture loss once a language has dissipated. Shen also
gathered information from Anna Daigneult, the Latin America project coordinator and development
officer at Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages. This institute is an organization

Saturday Night Live And The Daily Show
In a Saturday Night Live and Comedy Central The Daily Show both of the video are part of
democracy. These videos are show the satires to show what these people do in their democratic way.
In Comedy Central The Daily Show it was showing what Koch brothers do with their dark money
industry (Democalypse south by south mess: ad of brothers. Video 1:36). And make fun about the
company which make us feel like a scam or tricking us. In Saturday Night Live the video was a joke
about what people will think what the democratic debate will be like if the upcoming president will
take it seriously. This will also explain about what satire had to do with the videos. It was meant for
what will make this a pop culture. For example, in the assignment

Three Common Types Of Personal Injury Law
In personal injury law, there are many types of claims. If you ve been injured as a result of someone
else s fault or negligence, you might have a claim that fits into one of these categories. David E.
Groover Law Firm, LLC is a personal injury firm with more than 20 years of experience serving
clients in the Calhoun, GA, area. Whether your claim is a slip and fall or wrongful death, you will
receive diligent, personalized service from this personal injury lawyer. He discusses three common
types of personal injury claims: 3 Common Types Of Personal Injury Claims 1. Car Accidents Every
year, 20 to 50 million people are injured in car accidents, so it s no surprise that car crashes are the
subject of a large number of personal injury claims.

Essay on One Hundred Years of solitude
Believed by many to be one of the world s greatest writers, Gabriel García Márquez is a Colombian
born author and journalist, winner of the 1982 Nobel Prize for Literature and a pioneer of the Latin
American Boom. Affectionately known as Gabo to millions of readers, he first won international fame
with his masterpiece, One Hundred Years of Solitude, a defining classic of twentieth century literature.
Whether writing short stories, epic novels, or nonfiction, Gabo is above all a brilliant storyteller, and
his writing is a tribute to both the power of the imagination and the mysteries of the human heart. In
Gabo s world, where flowers rain from the sky and dictators sell the very ocean, reality is subject to ...
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2, 2003, New York Times Magazine. Francisco Goldman on García Márquez.
Solitude amp; Company Summer 2003, Paris Review. Silvana Paternostro interviews Gabo s friends
and relations.
Gabo Misquote 22 May 03, BBC. García Márquez misquoted on Colombian drug situation.
Gabo Support of Cuba 2 May 03, BBC. García Márquez signs letter defending Cuban government.
Farewell letter is a hoax La marioneta, a poem thought to be Gabo s farewell is just a strange hoax.
Memoria de mis putas tristes
Gabo s new novella, Memories of My Melancholy Whores. (Spanish only) Florencia en el Amazonas
A new recording of Daniel Catán s opera, inspired by Love in the Time of Cholera. Living to Tell the
Tale
The English translation of Gabo s memoirs.
The uncertain old man whose real existence was the simplest of his enigmas
(Biography)
Who is Gabriel García Márquez? A biography and timeline, giving the dates of his major works and
some of the events that helped shape his writing.
Space was changed and time corrected by the designs of his absolute will
(Works/Bibliography)
A complete bibliography, with a short synopsis and review of his major works. Includes novels, short
stories, and works only available in Spanish.
Books are worthless, Abrenuncio said with good humor
(Reviews)
Reviews of works by and about García Márquez.
The guardian angels of poetry took advantage of the opportunity to clarify matters

(Criticism)
A comprehensive overview of books about García

Research Paper On Mama Mia
Mamma Mia
Movies about romance are very common, but a movie about romance with a musical format seems to
never go out of style. From the timeless classic Grease, to the recent award winning film La La Land,
romantic musicals continue to captivate their audience. To create an impactful romantic musical movie
you need a detailed plot, catchy soundtrack, and a talented cast. Without these elements, it leaves the
movie distasteful and boring. Mamma Mia the movie directed by Phyllida Lloyd stands out among
other romantic musicals.
Mamma Mia is set on the Greek island of Kalokairi, as people are arriving for the wedding of Sophie
and Sky. The bride to be wishes that her father will walk her down the aisle. However, Sophie doesn t
know who her ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From Dancing Queen to Waterloo this movie is packed full of top hits by Swedish pop group ABBA.
The plot of Mamma Mia was moved around to accommodate ABBA s music rather than to leave a few
out. These songs are not only recognizable but catchy too. They also appeal to various age groups,
creating a larger audience. Slipping Through My Fingers plays with your heartstrings as it tells the
story of a mother s love for her daughter. Dancing Queen makes you want to get up and dance along.
The soundtrack keeps the plot from becoming boring, with a musical performance around each

Diversity In Colonial America Essay
History, it is the building block of the future. We as Americans have had a history like none other.
Diversity has always been a part of our history. In the past it has laid the base for flourishing cultures
and a feeling of belonging. In the present it has brought diversity through political parties, opportunity
for minorities, but also shortcomings and views of division. But if diversity can continue to flourish,
and if we can learn to compromise, our future will be abundant with progress and peace.
The diversity of America s past has laid the foundation for the flourishing culture we have today. Even
in colonial America, we were one of the most diverse places in the world. The first federal census in
1790 recorded that one fifth of the entire population was African American. Those that composed the
white populations had ancestries of three fifths were English, one fifth Scottish or Irish, and rest was
of Dutch, French, German, Swedish, or other backgrounds. With such a varied foundation, it s no
surprise that those who came here felt a feeling of belonging in the new land. The belonging and
acceptance did not stop at ethnicity but extended to religion as well. In fact, in colonial America, there
were religious groups such as the Pilgrims, Separatists, Anglicans, Catholics, Puritans, Quakers,
Lutherans, Jews, Baptists, and others. With so many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With a diverse political structure more people have the opportunity to have their voices heard. They
can gather like minded individuals to make their message stronger. But messages can conflict, and
some messages are still considered unimportant although they are still very real. Some people see
differences as division, but as John F. Kennedy once said, If we cannot now end our differences, at
least we can help make the world safe for diversity . Diversity doesn t mean erasing differences, it s
acknowledging them and find the common

Biotechnology Controversy
Biotechnology is a broad term. Basically, it is the tools and techniques [opening] new research
avenues for discovering how healthy bodies work and what goes wrong when problems arise (Siedler
para. 1). It covers controversial technology and procedure, like genetic engineering and gene therapy.
It is controversial because it can affect everyone(Jeremy para. 16). As a consequence, the development
of biotechnology has been a slow, quiet progress (Kirsner para. 3) because society may or may not
recognize the repercussion of it. However, scientist like Smith a previous chief for the Cambridge
biotech company, Genzyme continues to develop biotechnology(para. 1). Because biotechnology can
be controversial, yet scientist continues to develop it; ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Techniques, like [plant] cell culture, recombinant DNA [deoxyribonucleic acid] technology and
cellular cloning, [would] now provide us with new ways to tap into natural diversity (Seidler para. 3).
To put it another way, biotechnology could provide new medicines. New medicines could eliminate
side effect and eradicate repeated visit for injection in treatment for diseases or cancer(Christopher
para. 4). Therefore, limiting biotechnology would hinder the process of creating new medicine.
Medine would not be the only one affected in the medical field, but in addition, diseases could be

Essay about Citizenship, a Right and a Responsibility .
When I think of America I think of freedom and citizenship. The right to vote or the right of free
speech are aspects that, as citizens, we posses. Being born in America automatically gives you these
rights and many more, and most importantly, you become a citizen. Now, with citizenship comes
responsibility such as obeying the law and paying taxes. So if you follow these simple rules does this
make you an effective citizen? This question, in my opinion, is almost impossible to answer for a
number of reasons, which will be addressed in the following paper. It was extremely hard to come up
with a clear cut answer as to what an effective citizen entails. I grappled with this term through many
drafts and in the end came up with many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The money also goes to pay for police and fire protection which we depend upon every day, these
people are a necessity to our daily lives. Citizens must also abide by certain laws, which in the mind of
some citizens, is a sacrifice. My answer to them is that we are not in a state of nature and this is a price
you have to pay for living in a society. In their mind, if they were in a state of nature then they would
not have to abide by such laws. As John Locke pointed out, we all are here for the preservation of
mankind. We make these sacrifices for protection and, in the end, not only benefit the individual but
also benefit the community, society, or nation. (Locke, pgs. 170 171, 180 186). So each citizen, in
order to (in Abraham Lincoln s word s) form a more perfect union, must make certain sacrifices which
in the end, not only helps you but helps others, this is one of our responsibilities as citizens. Finally, in
regards to this paragraph, someone who DOES fulfill his or her responsibilities, are good citizens, but
that is not the whole definition of a good citizen, it is simply one part of a bigger picture.
The question can now be raised, if one follows and fulfills these responsibilities does that really make
them a good citizen? If a person follows the laws and pays his or her taxes, does that make them a
good or effective citizen? In my opinion, it all depends upon the person defining the term effective
citizenship. Each person has different beliefs and

Smoking Facts
Smoking in today s world is much different then what it used to be. The thoughts of smoking have
changed from good to bad. Many people believe that smoking is beneficial for their everyday lives
while others want nothing to do with it. In this paper I will be discussing the: the history of smoking,
the advantages/benefits of smoking, the disadvantages/risks of smoking, the components of cigarettes,
and the regulations regarding the production and sale of cigarettes. Tobacco is a plant that grows
natively in North and South America. It is in the same family as the potato, pepper and the poisonous
nightshade, a very deadly plant (Randall, 1999, p. 1). American Indians used tobacco in many
different ways, mainly for religious purposes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
R. Reynolds also expands their brands buying Nabisco, who is famous for the popular cookie Oreo,
and becoming RJR/Nabisco. In 1990 Ben and Jerry Ice Cream boycotts RJR/Nabisco and drops Oreos
from its ice cream goods. Even though we are told the negative sides of tobacco many do not tell us if
there are any advantages of smoking. The tobacco plant has more to offer then just a certain death.
Tobacco may provide a different relief or prevention for some diseases in certain individuals. The
most recognized health benefit of smoking is its ability to seemingly improve symptoms of mental
illness, including anxiety and schizophrenia. People with these mental illnesses use smoking as a self
medicating kind of method. Several academic sources confirm that the risk of Parkinson s disease and
Alzheimer s disease is unexpectedly superior in non smokers than in smokers. The University of
Melbourne established that tobacco itself is a strong appetite suppressant and many were using it to
self treat compulsive overeating disorders and obesity. Cigarette smoking has also been linked to a
decrease in risk of certain inflammatory disorders, since nicotine itself appears to be an anti
inflammatory agent (Russo, 2011, p.1). Because of tobacco smoke being anti inflammatory some
beneficial effects come to children who are exposed to secondhand smoke. Sweden observed two
generations of Swedish children and found that the

Immanuel Kant Biography
Immanuel Kant was born Emmanuel in eastern Prussia into a poor family in 1724. His family had
originally emigrated from Scotland where they spelled their last name Cant. Emmanuel s family was
quite large by today s standards consisting of nine children, he was the fourth born and only one of
four to make it to adulthood. He and his siblings grew up in a Pietist house, the focus of Pietism was
the literal study of the bible. Their childhood was a strict and punitive one that stressed religious
teachings over the sciences and mathematics. After learning Hebrew, Emmanuel changed his name to
Immanuel. While attending the Collegium Fridericianum was a good student, Immanuel improved his
studies and eventually enrolled at the University of Kongsberg by age 16 in 1740. It is there that he
taught about the great philosophers Leibniz and Wolff by a rationalist Martin Knutzen. It is also here
where Kant was exposed to the mathematical physics of Sir Isaac Newton. In 1746 Kant s father died,
he left the university to become a private tutor. Kant would eventually rejoin the university and spend
the majority of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hume , writings were the catalyst that allowed Kant to see things in a different light and inspiring him
to write his Critique of Pure Reason in 1781, which has become known as the First Critique. In this
book, Kant laid out the limits and scope of pure reason. This is where Kant explained the major
differences with priori and posteriori knowledge. He also went on to define analytic and synthetic
judgements. This book was very hard to read due to it using complex, confusing terminology and
being a very dry topic. Kant tried to clear up confusion from his first book by writing a second shorter
one titled Prolegomena to any Future Metaphysics (1783), this one was easier to read and set the path
for his view on metaphysics and

I Reached To The Theatre Before An Hour, And I Expected
 I reached to the theatre before an hour, and I expected that it will be filled with many viewers.
However, it was the second week of the play, the theatre was almost empty. There were a few ushers
to check the tickets and to provide programs for Proof. There was enough lighting inside the theatre
before the play started. Around 7:20 pm, one of the crew members started the background music.
Some crew members were preparing the set for the play. The theatre was empty, and there was silence
inside the theatre. I think, this is the only thing that I did not like because there was pin drop silence.
Moreover, it was a little inside the theatre. The box office staff and ushers were friendly as always,
and that actually inspired me to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Her father was facing memory loss in his later life, and she did not want to face the same problem as
her father. She appeared to talk with his dead father who always inspired her to live her life. The first
scene was demonstrating the present, while second scene was about the past. In the second scene, I
came to know what was happened in the past and what was happening in the present. It was not
complicated to understand. After her father s funeral, she gets closed with her father s assistant. She
started to trust him and showed him that what she has done in the past seven years. Nobody believed
that she has done something very amazing in mathematics only because she and her father had similar
hand writing. Now, she has no proof to prove that it was her hand writing because her father was not
alive to tell everyone that it was not his work. Her sister decided to take her to New York. Meanwhile,
the assistant found that it was done by her and not by her father. At the end, all ends into well. The
story was surprising to me. 4. Evaluate the blocking (movement by the actors). Did the blocking make
use of different planes and levels? Did they use the entire stage space? Did the movement make sense
and seem natural? Give examples.
 Yes, blocking was appropriate to understand the storyline. All the characters have used the entire
stage

Satire In Gulliver s Travels
Authors write in many different forms and use many different elements in their works. One of these
elements that writers use is called satire. This element is used to make fun of something that the author
disapproves of in a comical but hidden way. Widely considered as one of the greatest satirists to ever
live, Jonathan Swift used satire in his works to express his disgust in society and the British Monarchy
during the 18th century. One of the greatest satires ever written by Swift was Gulliver s Travels. In
Gulliver s Travels, satire is evident through Gulliver s voyage to Lilliput, his dialogue with Lilliput s
emperor, and his time spent within the kingdom of Brobdingnag.
First introduced in ancient Greece in 423 B.C., satire ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Swift expresses these feelings multiple times in the book in many different ways.
In Gulliver s Travels, Swift expresses his fury towards the British Monarchy and points out the many
faults within the royal court. Swift first states in Gulliver s Travels, when a great office is vacant either
by death or disgrace (which often happens) five or six of those candidates petition the Emperor to
entertain his Majesty and the court with a dance on the rope, and whoever jumps the highest without
falling, succeeds in the office (Swift 44). This statement in the book shows his anger towards how
people get into office. Showing how people will climb over each other to get an office position and
that the monarchy will only let people with a plentiful amount of money and a good name run for
office. Gulliver also notices within the book that all objects on the island of Lilliput are the same size
as the Lilliputians, noticing this he makes the statement, ...but nature hath adapted the eyes of the
Lilliputians to all objects proper for their view: they see with great exactness... (Swift 62). Swift is
satirizing in these lines that the British Monarchy is near sighted to problems outside of their kingdom
and only care about Britain. Swift also brings out a major point later in the book when Gulliver ends
up on the island of Brobdingnag. Since Gulliver is so small compared to the rest of the
Brobdingnagians, he is treated kind of insignificant. Swift is comparing

Work Through Possible Comparison Of Babies, Progression...
Session Three Goal Work through possible comparison of babies, progression and regression while in
the NICU. Group members are struggling with the many facets of having a NICU baby. This session
will deal with some of the very common issues. Parents of NICU babies are often worried about how
slowly their child may be progressing in comparison to other babies. This session the group will work
through some of those progressions and regressions and help the parents to cope with this. Parents are
sitting in the NICU for hours, watching other babies do things that their baby is not doing. However,
this session will help show the parents that they are all doing this. Every parent in the group has likely
been the parent on either end of that frustration/joy. Regression can be hard for parents and does
happen often during a NICU stay. Group members may show some reluctant to talk about their child s
set backs. They may be discouraged by them. Parents have a strong desire to know when their child
will be discharged from the hospital. This can cause them to become upset when that does not happen
(Pepler et. Al, 2012). The counselor should take note of what group members seem more down than
usual or less likely to share during this time. These group members could have less positive news to
share with the group. The counselor should remind parents to focus on the here and now both in group
and with their child. Take the time to notice what their child is succeeding in. Helping the

Citizen Kane
Citizen Kane is an American drama film released in 1941. It follows the life of the main character,
Charles Foster Kane, and the investigation into rosebud the last word spoken before his death. Kane
was a wealthy newspaper tycoon who lived a reserved lifestyle; he had many possessions but isolated
himself from the public eye wherever possible towards the end of his life. The director s portrayal of
the films main themes are shown in such a way that a Year 12 group of students would be able to
understand, and therefore can easily make links with society and even their own lives. I would highly
recommend Citizen Kane for a Year 12 book club.
I will be talking about 2 main points shown in Citizen Kane that I believe are good ... Show more
But instead of being happy in the white snow, he is alone in a dark mansion. This is a theme that I
think is one that could be discussed in depth by a year 12 book club.
Another theme portrayed in Citizen Kane is the idea of materialism, and I believe this is a theme that
Year 12 Students would be able to understand and form opinions upon. In the film, Charles Kane lives
in a huge mansion filled with many expensive goods. He was an avid statue collector, a hobby only
the very wealthy could pursue. Charles Kane said in the film, They ve been making statues for some
two thousand years, and I ve only been collecting for five. The director s uses of depth of focus to
exaggerate Kane s many possessions, and in one shot near the end we can see rooms full of crates with
items he never unpacked. In his mansion, the rooms are perceived to be large, with dark shadows cast
all around. Perhaps this is a metaphor to suggest that Kane s excessive amount of materialistic
possessions have now begun to own him. This leads to a link a Year 12 group of students will be able
to make with the modern world today. Advancement of technology has skyrocketed in the past few
decades. The invention of smart phones, tablets and other household technologies have created a
culture in which it is deemed necessary to own as many of these items as possible. It would seem that
Social status is moving from humanitarian values to being based on your

Coraciiformes Research Paper
Coraciiformes Coraciiformes are a known as an unfamiliar, very colorful group of birds who have
about ten different families within their group. Subsequently, the order of this group is divided into
four suborders along with ten families. It begins with the Alcedines involving the kingfishers, todies,
and motmots families (Association of Zoos and Aquariums ). The second suborder is known as
Meropes covering the bee eaters family, and next in this category is the Coracii involving the rollers,
ground rollers, cuckoo rollers, hoopoes, and the woodhoopoes (Association of Zoos and Aquariums ).
The last suborder out of the four is the Bucerotes and the only family it consist of is the hornbills
(Association of Zoos and Aquariums ). Geographically, these birds are located in tropical areas and ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, researchers have discovered that in warmer parts of Southern Asia, Africa, and Papuan areas
is where the most diversity is found, although kingfishers are the only ones known to be found
worldwide (Rand, 2015). Additionally, coraciiformes have a variety of interesting characteristics they
make them unique to other groups. One simple characteristic being that most of them have bright
colorful plumage and some such as ,the kingfisher family, have colorful bills too. When talking about
size they are normally described as small to medium. They tend to weigh anywhere between 0.2
ounces to 8 pounds, and can be anywhere from 4 inches to 31 inches in length (Net Industries ). All in
all, Coraciiformes are a group of birds who consist of many different families, found mostly in the Old
World, and have an abundance of characteristics to make them unique

Developmental Issues Research Paper
Development.A procees that takes nine months to create the people we see today.Sometimes while the
developmental process is happening there is an issue that causes specific functions of the body not to
work.These developmental issues are more common than not. Developmental issues vary with
person.It can causes changes of skin,hair,limbs,and even organs. There is a genetic disorder called
Ectodermal Dysplasia. Its not a single disorder, but a group of closely related conditions of which
more than 150 different syndromes have been identified.It effects the hair,skin,nails,and teeth.Teeth
shatter never fully able to grow,the persons hair grows inwards never being able to grow hair on the
outside, and the nails also arent able to completely.There

Fresh Direct Executive Summary
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Fresh Direct is an online grocery store that provides home delivery to its
customers. Fresh Direct offers delivery within twenty four hours to most areas in New York City and
portions of Nassau and Westchester Counties, New York; Fairfield County, Connecticut; Hoboken,
Newark, and Jersey City; and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Fresh Direct offers its customers an
innovative time saving method of grocery shopping. Over 3,000 fresh food and grocery items, as well
as kosher and organic goods are available to the company s 250,000 plus customers.
Fresh Direct was established in 1999. The company s Co Founders are David McInerney and Jason
Ackerman CEO. The idea behind their business was to let customers place orders for food online and
avoid having to go to a physical store. With the culinary skills of Tina Bourbeau as the company s
Executive Chef and Senior ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It s faster, it s fresher: It s grocery shopping perfected. (About Us, n.d.)
The examination of the Fresh Directs internal environment by means of the value chain and the
resource based analysis, has confirmed areas where value is created and also where there is a
competitive advantage. The company generates value by performing daily activities such as sales and
services.
MISSION STATEMENT AND GOALS Fresh Direct s mission statement claims Fresh Direct prides
itself on sourcing the highest quality food and freshest ingredients available. We believe nutritious,
delicious meals and convenient service allow customers more time to live healthy lives. The goal of
Fresh Direct is We strive to offer the highest quality food options that provide a point of
differentiation. It is not enough for us to bring you tasty, delicious and fresh choices, we also want to
continually deliver new and unique

Cinematography In Batman Begins
What is cinematography? Cinematography is the ability to transform and capture all moving aspect of
a motion picture. This process cannot be acquired without the help of the cinematographer whose job
is to make sure that the shot, take and setup match the views of the director in order to depict the story
of the film. The shot, take and setup fall within four broader categories: The cinematographic
properties of the shot, the framing of the shot, the speed and length of the shot and the special effects
each of which help intrigued the audience and impel them to watch the film. Film stock, lighting and
lenses make up the cinematographic properties of the shot. In the film, Batman Begins the
cinematographer used a mixture of black, white and color film stock.
The use of the black and white film stock helped create an illusion between good and evil. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Yet, both types of film stock incorporate the use of light. Lighting shapes how the lenses will capture
the pictures that will guide the audience throughout the story. There are two types of light: natural and
artificial, which come from different sources. Natural light comes from nature such as the sun and
artificial light come from instruments. Depending on the direction of the light and its source the
quality of the picture will be affected. In Batman Begins a scene that stood out the most as a good
representation of the properties of the shot is when Bruce Wane is trying to keep a spear head away
from Rachel. In this scene, he tries to hind inside of an old well which has been boarded up. As he is

The Importance Of Tanning Bed
It s summertime in Brevard County, and that means even more blazing temperatures! Atlantis Vision
Center in Indian Harbour Beach, FL, has provided expert optician care for 15 years, and so we are
recommending tips about keeping your eyes safe this summer.
Exposure to sunlight may increase the risk of developing growths on the eyes and cataracts. Don t
forget that this risk applies to using tanning beds, and always protect your eyes from indoor UV light.
When sunlight reflects off water and sand, it can lead to a painful condition called photokeratitis
(which is also responsible for snow blindness and is like a sunburned eye).
Since UV radiation is so damaging, always wear UV blocking sunglasses, and start wearing proper
eye protection at an early age.
More eye smart safety from the American Academy of Ophthalmology is below: ... Show more
Sunglasses need to block both UVA and UVB rays, and have a UV400 or 100% UV protection label.
A great style is the wraparound kind, so that the sunlight rays cannot enter from the side.
You still need sunglasses even if you wear UV blocking contact lenses.
Wear a hat! Broad brimmed hats are good options.
Clouds do NOT block UV light: The sun s rays pass through clouds and haze, so sun damage can
occur any time of year.
UV intense conditions: Sunlight is strongest mid day to early afternoon, when reflected off water, and
at higher altitudes.
Enjoy the summer sun safely and protect your vision! Visit
http://www.atlantisvisioncenter.com/eyeglasses/ for more information on the types of eyeglasses and
sunglasses that Atlantis Vision Center provides. Atlantis Vision Center has an onsite, excellent optical
finishing lab, as well. It is is important to invest in quality lenses!
If you have any questions regarding your eye health, please contact us at Atlantis Vision

Nationalist Separatists Groups
The group mentioned in the hypothetical scenario could be classified as Nationalist Separatists
terrorists. Nationalist Separatists groups use violence to establish an independent homeland ethnic or
religious group that is persecuted (or believes it is persecuted) by the majority (Maras, 2013, pg. 12).
The group is seeking to liberate itself from the Country of Greece and be recognized as its own
independent Islamic state. A Nationalist Separatist terrorist organization will form when a certain
group feels they are being repressed or discriminated against by the governing system and will attempt
to distance themselves and wish to be recognized as their own independent governing system. To
assert their independence they may try to form their

Thesis Sa Filipino
PAKINABANG AT KAPINSALAAN NG KOMPYUTER SA BUHAY ESTUDYANTE ISANG
MUNGKAHING PAPEL NA INIHARAP KAY DR. IMELDA VILLARIN CEBU
TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ISANG PARSYAL NA PAGTUGON SA KAHILINGAN SA
ASIGNATURANG FILIPINO II Pangalan ng mga miyembro; Aying , Alona S. Bejoc , Emery E. Miro
, Israe May M. Olasiman , Cristal E. Orandang , Janine Panerio , Ruben Tomongha , Irene M. Marso
2011 PANIMULA Sa ating mundo lalong umusbong ang mga technolohiya isa na rito ang kompyuter.
Sa Kasaysayan ng serye kompyuter, nakita natin kung paano elektronika, na ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Hangarin din ng pag aaral na ito mabigyang tugon ang mga sumusunod na tanong: 1. Ano ang
bahagdan ng kakayahan ng mga estudyante sa CTU ng paggamit ng kompyuter? 1.1 Layunin
Pampaaralan 1.2 Layong Panlibangan 2. Alin sa dalawang layunin kadalasan ang nagtulak sa mga
estudyante para gumamit ng kompyuter? 3.May nakita bang kaibahan sa mga resulta kung pag
uukulan ang dalawang layunin ng mga estudyante? 4. Ayon sa natuklasan, ano ang mga possibleng
solusyon upang mas maunawaan ng mga estudyante ang mga limitasyon dapat taglayin sa paggamit
ng konpyuter sa iba t ibang layunin. IPOTESIS Karamihan sa mga estudyante ay madalas gumamit ng
kompyuter sa iba t ibang pakay. Walang nakitang makabuluhang pagkakaiba sa resulta ng subrang
paggamit ng kompyuter sa layunin ng paggawa ng takdang aralin sa paaralan at sa panlibang na pakay
lamang. SAKLAW AT LIMITASYON Ang saklaw ng pagsisiyasat na ito ay para gumawa ng
kamalayan sa mga estudyante at magabayan kung paano mabigyang limitasyon ang paggamit ng
kompyuter at kung paano ang pamamahala ng mga oras nila dito. Ang mga respondente ay ang mga
estudyante sa CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY mula sa iba t ibang kurso. Limampung
respondente ang nakasagot sa mga palatanungang naibigay ng mga

The Home Front Effect in The American Civil War
The Civil War was unlike any other war ever fought in America and had many effects on the home
front for both the North and the South. It is stated to be the first ever total war, which is a war against
not only the civilians but also the armies. The Civil War is also considered the first modern war fought
by the U.S. troops. Lincoln asked volunteers to sign up for only three months. Many people thought
the war wouldn t last long. However, the war continued on for four years. The Union armies had
around 2,500,000 to 2,750,000 men and the Confederate army had approximately 750,000 to
1,250,000 men. The entire North and South society was affected by the war and desired for many
social and economic assets. The Civil war brought new military ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In similar, the role for women was also greatly changed in the South. Women took part in all aspects
of supporting the war effort. The women learned how to maintain farms, plantations, and factories.
Similar to women in the North, the women of the south also took part in and became nurses.
Richmond was later established, which was considered as a hospital center similar to that of
Washington and Alexandria as hospital centers in the North (Austin, 1975). All in all, the South was
unsuccessful in progressing in a favorable system for intermediate transportation. The South mainly
depended on their cotton and tobacco. They were helpless with diverting over to a food management.
The fighting from the war destroyed the crops and homes in the South. The North was a diverse
society and its foundation focused on an enlarged economy and agriculture. The North had access to
machinery and used them significantly. This allowed framers to develop more land and supplied a
growth in production. In importance, the factories had a positive impact on the war and were capable
of producing guns, ammunition, and clothing more rapidly. The Union tried such methods as
borrowing funds, taxing, and printing money to fund their war which in the end worked for them. The
Confederacy used the same methods; however, taxing the civilians was rejected by the public and the
Congress. To manage the army, the Union passed the Enrollment Act

Depression In Bartleby, The Scrivener And A Hunger Artist
Depression is a negative feeling of hopelessness and feeling like you don t belong. It can affect anyone
at anytime without warning. Being in such a depressed neurological state makes people act certain
ways and do certain things. According to the medical research group Mayo Clinic: Depression is a
mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. Also called major
depressive disorder or clinical depression, it affects how you feel, think and behave and can lead to a
variety of emotional and physical problems. You may have trouble doing normal day to day activities,
and sometimes you may feel as if life isn t worth living. So this quote explains why depression is
significant and problematic to an individual. Depression is a recurring theme in the two stories
Herman Melville s Bartleby, the Scrivener and Franz Kafka s A Hunger Artist . The stories have a
connection of depression because each character develops similar tendencies such as loss of appetite,
lack of motivation, and insomnia. The authors of the short stories experienced similar effects in their
lifetime so the stories were influenced by their personal lives. Herman Melville, famous American
writer, [D]eveloped debilitating physical and psychiatric disorders in middle age after writing,
perhaps, the greatest of American novels, Moby Dick. Melville suffered shortly after writing Moby
Dick and wrote Bartleby, the Scrivener few years later. Melville s personal life was relatable

Alcoholics Anonymous Support Group
In the United States, there are many support groups and programs available to individuals seeking
recovery from hardships, addictions, or struggles. Members with similar experiences meet together to
encourage, advise, and provide support for one another in order to promote recovery. One well known
support group, Alcoholics Anonymous, is a 12 step program a support group that applies a series of 12
steps in order to achieve recovery. 12 step programs and support groups can be spotted almost
anywhere, including at churches, medical facilities, as well as in schools. AA s 12 step program and
12Stone Care s non 12 step grief group are examples of groups that provide services to individuals and
offer support for those who are taking steps towards ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The 12 step program gives the impression that it has the capability of helping clients through alcohol
abuse in its systematic, recovery focused, and empathetic approach. AA s 12 steps, from having
admitted we were powerless over alcohol... to having a spiritual awakening as a result of these steps
helps guide a person from alcoholism to sobriety (Alcoholics Anonymous [AA], 2001, pp. 59 60). The
steps are easy to follow checkpoints in the steps to sobriety, and because they are verbalized at every
meeting, they reinforce a recovery mindset from alcoholism. This recovery approach emphasized in
AA minimizes any particular focus on past struggles and magnifies progress, and as a member
described, the group s positivity and numerous success stories encouraged them to continue being
sober (Personal communication, November 15,

Bathsheba Everdene as an Effective Feminist Essay
Bathsheba Everdene as an Effective Feminist
Far From The Madding Crowd was set in the 1840s, at a time when women had very few rights. The
Married Women s Property Act was not brought in until the 1870s, which meant that all women s
earnings went to their husbands, and if they owned any property before marriage it would legally be
transferred to her husband upon matrimony. Divorce laws heavily favoured men and a divorced wife
could expect to lose any property she had brought into the marriage. When the act was introduced in
1870 it meant that women where allowed to keep up to 200 pounds of their earnings and to inherit
personal property and small amounts of money, everything else belonged to their ... Show more
This of course is not true and Gabriel sets to leave, but Bathsheba comes running after him. Bathsheba
runs to tell him it was not true. At this point Gabriel asks for Bathsheba s hand in marriage but she
refuses.
No no I cannot. Don t press me any more don t. I don t love you so twould be ridiculous! P 36
This quote shows her sense of being in control of her own destiny. She does not want to be owned by
a man.
The reader is intentionally given the clear impression that Bathsheba is a feminist at the point that she
takes over the farm from her uncle. In the 1840 s this was unheard of. One of the only reasons why
Bathsheba would have got the farm from her uncle after his death was because she had no brothers.
There were no men left in her family so it had to go to her. Bathsheba proves that she is worthy of the
farm because she manages to live as the mistress successfully. Gabriel found out about Bathsheba
being the mistress of the farm when he overheard a conversation between two workers.
On hearing these and other similar remarks a wild thought flashed into Gabriel s mind that they might
be speaking of Bathshebaâ€¦ and the women alluded to seemed to be the mistress of some estate. P 47
When Bathsheba and Troy get married, instead of Bathsheba going to live with Troy in the traditional
way, Troy

International Labor Standards Of Child Work
V. INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE International labour standards characterize child work by its
outcomes; it includes work that is rationally, physically, socially or ethically perilous and destructive
to children, and meddles with their educating. UNICEF characterizes child work as work that
surpasses a base number of hours, contingent upon the age of a child and on the sort of work. The 18th
International Conference of Labor Statisticians held at Geneva held that Child work (slated for
nullification) ought to reflect the engagement of children in undesirable exercises and could fall into
the accompanying classes: (i) Labour that is performed by a child who is below the minimum age
specified for that kind of work and that is thus likely to impede the child s education and full
development. (ii) Labour that jeopardizes the health, safety or morals of a child, either because of its
nature or because of the conditions in which it is carried out (known as hazardous work). (iii) The
worst forms of child labour other than hazardous work which are internationally defined to encompass
children (persons below 18 years of age) in slavery, trafficking, debt bondage and other forms of
forced labour, forced recruitment of children for use in armed conflict, their use in prostitution and
pornography, and illicit activities The International Labor Organization has evaluated that in 2004
there were 218 million children caught in child work of whom 126 million where in dangerous work.
The

Chandler s Model of Large-Scale, Integrated Managerial...
To what extent can Chandler s model of large scale, integrated managerial enterprise explain the long
term competitiveness of leading economies?
Chandler`s model of large scale enterprises is a way from and shift away from the invisible hand
model given by Adam Smith. Chandler`s model is an attempt to explain the developments in the
second phase of industrial revolution where he tends to reason behind the enhancement of capital. In
this context, he gave the concept of modern industrial enterprise, which according to him grew in
three phases. That is, there were investments in the production facilities, mostly the ones with
technological potential to produce economies of scale and the economies of scope, ... Show more
Various heads of these departments alongside a board and an assigned president then made decisions
for the organization thereby adding a visible hand to the affairs of the organization leading the
enterprise in a set direction. Another point to be taken under consideration here is that an industrial
enterprise, in addition to the functional units, also expanded in other ways. There were defensive
expansion trends i.e. horizontal or vertical expansion, and the offensive ones, i.e. geographical and
product diversification. Further evolution in the industrial enterprise led to performance monitoring
measures i.e. inclusion of a long term and innovative corporate strategy with middle and the top
management being the sole decision makers. However, with labor intensive industries i.e. printing or
textiles, they don`t offer a competitive advantage for the integrated enterprises (Chandler Montgomery
1979: 71). Therefore, in these cases, mass retailers tend to dominate with large purchasing units while
eliminating other intermediaries.
In order to further explain the argument, the case of United States as stipulated via theoretical
paradigms given by Chandler can be discussed. According to the theory, USA precludes to
competitive managerial capitalism which implies that there is an oligopolistic competition

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