The document describes how to build a portable power bank that can power 7 devices simultaneously and has a removable battery pack with 15 replaceable 18650 batteries. It has multiple output ports including a 150W wall port, DC port adjustable from 13-50V, and 4 USB ports. The power bank can be charged via laptop charger, USB-C, or wireless charging pad. It has overvoltage, overdischarge, and overheating protection. The document provides a detailed list of components and step-by-step instructions to assemble the power bank, including how to make the removable battery pack, charging circuit, inverter, and cooling system.
Problemas de aplicación ley de ohm y ley de wattNicolas1128
This document discusses the application problems of Ohm's law and Watt's law. It begins by explaining Ohm's law, which determines the relationship between voltage, current and resistance in an electrical circuit. It then explains Watt's law, which determines the rate at which electrical power is transferred through a circuit. The document also covers color coding systems for electronic components like resistors and provides examples of solving circuit problems using Ohm's and Watt's laws. It concludes that these laws are fundamental tools for understanding many natural and artificial phenomena related to electrical circuits.
This document provides information about connecting and driving LEDs, including:
- LEDs must be connected with the correct polarity and include a current-limiting resistor to prevent damage.
- LEDs have a characteristic voltage drop that must be accounted for when designing circuits. Additional voltage above this must be dropped across a resistor.
- LEDs are current-driven devices, so their brightness depends on the current flowing through them. Proper current limits maximize lifespan.
- Multiple LEDs can be connected in series if their total voltage drop does not exceed the supply, and each string includes a current-limiting resistor.
This document provides instructions and circuit diagrams for various LED projects, including flashing a LED, using constant current to power multiple LEDs, powering a white LED with a 1.5V battery, and a shake-activated torch circuit using a magnet and coil. It discusses important LED concepts such as characteristic voltage drop and using a current-limiting resistor. The document contains over 50 circuits and projects utilizing LEDs.
This document contains questions and answers related to electrical engineering topics. Some key points addressed include:
- Electric traction uses electric power for transportation systems like railways and trams. DC motors are commonly used.
- Electronic chokes are needed to start a 40W tube light with 230V AC/DC without other components like a coil.
- Pu (per unit) is used in power system diagrams to normalize component ratings to a common base value for comparison.
- In thermal power stations, steam is generated by burning coal in a boiler and used to power a turbine coupled to an electric generator.
This document appears to be a quiz containing 10 multiple choice questions related to basic electrical concepts and components. The questions cover topics like electrical quantities, short circuits, units of measurement, power in different circuit types, transformer types, motors, and heating elements. The participant is asked to only select one answer for each question from the given multiple choice options.
This document provides instructions for building a high voltage DC power supply using a cascade voltage multiplier circuit. It describes using diodes and electrolytic capacitors to convert 120V AC household current into 3,500-50,000V DC. Safety warnings are given to use insulated gloves and discharge capacitors safely when working with high voltages. Optional configurations like voltage doublers and triplers are shown to further increase the output voltage.
This document discusses problems applying Ohm's Law and Watt's Law. It contains information on color codes for electronic components like resistors, the parts and uses of breadboards or protoboards, and examples of applying Ohm's Law and Watt's Law to calculate values like resistance, current, voltage and power in simple circuits. Blog links are provided for each group member. Evidence photos from building circuits on a breadboard are included at the end.
Problemas de aplicación ley de ohm y ley de wattNicolas1128
This document discusses the application problems of Ohm's law and Watt's law. It begins by explaining Ohm's law, which determines the relationship between voltage, current and resistance in an electrical circuit. It then explains Watt's law, which determines the rate at which electrical power is transferred through a circuit. The document also covers color coding systems for electronic components like resistors and provides examples of solving circuit problems using Ohm's and Watt's laws. It concludes that these laws are fundamental tools for understanding many natural and artificial phenomena related to electrical circuits.
This document provides information about connecting and driving LEDs, including:
- LEDs must be connected with the correct polarity and include a current-limiting resistor to prevent damage.
- LEDs have a characteristic voltage drop that must be accounted for when designing circuits. Additional voltage above this must be dropped across a resistor.
- LEDs are current-driven devices, so their brightness depends on the current flowing through them. Proper current limits maximize lifespan.
- Multiple LEDs can be connected in series if their total voltage drop does not exceed the supply, and each string includes a current-limiting resistor.
This document provides instructions and circuit diagrams for various LED projects, including flashing a LED, using constant current to power multiple LEDs, powering a white LED with a 1.5V battery, and a shake-activated torch circuit using a magnet and coil. It discusses important LED concepts such as characteristic voltage drop and using a current-limiting resistor. The document contains over 50 circuits and projects utilizing LEDs.
This document contains questions and answers related to electrical engineering topics. Some key points addressed include:
- Electric traction uses electric power for transportation systems like railways and trams. DC motors are commonly used.
- Electronic chokes are needed to start a 40W tube light with 230V AC/DC without other components like a coil.
- Pu (per unit) is used in power system diagrams to normalize component ratings to a common base value for comparison.
- In thermal power stations, steam is generated by burning coal in a boiler and used to power a turbine coupled to an electric generator.
This document appears to be a quiz containing 10 multiple choice questions related to basic electrical concepts and components. The questions cover topics like electrical quantities, short circuits, units of measurement, power in different circuit types, transformer types, motors, and heating elements. The participant is asked to only select one answer for each question from the given multiple choice options.
This document provides instructions for building a high voltage DC power supply using a cascade voltage multiplier circuit. It describes using diodes and electrolytic capacitors to convert 120V AC household current into 3,500-50,000V DC. Safety warnings are given to use insulated gloves and discharge capacitors safely when working with high voltages. Optional configurations like voltage doublers and triplers are shown to further increase the output voltage.
This document discusses problems applying Ohm's Law and Watt's Law. It contains information on color codes for electronic components like resistors, the parts and uses of breadboards or protoboards, and examples of applying Ohm's Law and Watt's Law to calculate values like resistance, current, voltage and power in simple circuits. Blog links are provided for each group member. Evidence photos from building circuits on a breadboard are included at the end.
Electricity can come from either the mains, which provides power from the larger electrical grid, or from batteries. Appliances like lamps commonly use mains electricity, while portable devices often rely on batteries as their power source. It's important to know whether a device uses mains or battery power.
Problemas de aplicación de ley de ohm y ley de wattjeanmarco
This document discusses problems applying Ohm's law and Watt's law. It begins with explanations of color codes, protoboards, Ohm's law, and Watt's law. It then provides examples of solving circuit problems using these laws, such as calculating resistance, voltage, or power given other values. It concludes that electrical power is directly proportional to voltage and current, and applications of Ohm's law establish the relationships between current, voltage, and resistance in a circuit.
The document discusses the history of batteries and cells, including their key components and types. It explains that a cell consists of electrodes, electrolyte, and produces a chemical reaction. Primary cells cannot be recharged while secondary cells can be reused. The document also defines electromotive force (EMF) as the potential difference developed in an open circuit, and internal resistance as the resistance within a battery that causes a voltage drop under load. V=ε-Ir describes the relationship between these factors.
Here are the key steps to solve series-parallel circuits:
1) Identify series and parallel sections
2) Use series/parallel rules within each section
3) Connect the sections using KVL and KCL
Let me know if any part of the process is unclear! Solving complex circuits takes practice.
A book for students and hobbyists to learn basic electronics through practical presentable circuits.
A handy guide for school science fair projects or for making personal hobby gadgets.
Design new panels and make new circuit designs.
For more info : please visit www.hobbyelectronics.in
Here are the key steps to test the logic gates:
1. Connect the power supply (5V) and ground to the IC.
2. Apply different combinations of logic inputs (0V, 5V) to the input pins of each gate.
3. Observe the output pin of each gate using an LED or logic probe for the expected output based on the gate's truth table.
4. Record the observed outputs and compare them to the expected outputs based on the gate's function.
5. Test all the gates in the given ICs (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR) following the same procedure.
6. Note any discrepancies between observed and expected outputs.
This document provides specifications for Grandlite International's LED undercabinet light fixtures: the UCLED-12, UCLED-18, and UCLED-24. The fixtures feature an extruded aluminum body, bronze powder coat finish, CREE LEDs, low temperature circuits, on/off switch, 3000K color temperature, and can be linkable to provide lighting under cabinets up to 20, 12, or 9 fixtures respectively while not exceeding 100W total.
This document provides an introduction to basic electronics concepts including Ohm's Law, resistors, capacitors, LEDs, breadboards, and debugging circuits. Ohm's Law defines the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance in a circuit. There are different types of fixed and variable resistors as well as color coding schemes to identify resistor values. Capacitors can store energy and are used for timing and filtering. LEDs require current limiting resistors to function properly. Breadboards are used for prototyping circuits and debugging connections is key to troubleshooting.
The document provides an overview of electronics components and how they work together in electronic devices. It discusses basic components like resistors, capacitors, inductors, semiconductors, and integrated circuits. It explains how these components are used to build devices like radios, TVs, phones, computers, and more. It also provides instructions for a hands-on practice connecting LEDs to a power source to learn about connections and how components work together.
Gel batteries can withstand deeper discharges than AGM batteries due to having more electrolyte. Gel batteries also experience less heat generation during recharging. AGM batteries are more prone to acid stratification from cyclical uses than gel batteries. Gel batteries maintain over 60% of their cycle life when charged at recommended voltages, whereas overcharging by 0.7V significantly reduces cycle life. Both gel and AGM battery capacity and storage life are impacted by temperature, with higher temperatures reducing capacity and requiring more frequent recharges during storage.
This circuit uses 10 LEDs of different colors (red, orange, green) to indicate the battery level of a device based on the number of LEDs that are glowing. It uses a single LM3914 comparator IC to divide the battery voltage into 10 levels and light the corresponding LED. The user can calibrate the circuit by adjusting potentiometers to match the LEDs to voltage levels, allowing it to display the approximate battery capacity remaining as a percentage. Assembling the circuit on a PCB allows it to provide a simple visual battery level indicator for testing batteries.
These slides include a presentation about the connections between math and electricity (Ohm's law, calculating voltage and resistance) as well as how-to slides so that you can make your own math quiz that lights a bulb to confirm when you have the correct answer. Note, the animations won't come through in this upload but for several slides I had the kids try to calculate the answers to my questions before I showed the answers.
This document introduces basic components of DC circuits. It defines a complete circuit as one where electron flow can travel from negative to positive terminals, and an incomplete circuit as one where flow is disrupted. Circuits must have four basic components: conductors to carry current, a load that uses power, a power supply to provide energy, and optional controllers to manage the circuit. Schematic symbols represent components in schematic diagrams, which are blueprints showing a circuit's construction. Common symbols are introduced for wires, loads like LEDs, power sources like batteries and cells, and switches as controllers. Assignments include an electronics reference chart to document websites on topics.
This 7-page document provides instructions for building a basic power supply. It begins by explaining what a power supply is and why one might want to build their own rather than purchase one. It then lists the necessary components and provides schematics to illustrate the basic concepts involved, such as how transformers, diodes, voltage regulators, and capacitors are used to convert AC to DC power. Wiring diagrams and step-by-step instructions describe how to assemble the power supply on a circuit board and connect it to an AC source and load. Optional additions like an LED indicator and notes of caution in working with mains power are also included.
Guia definitivo dimensionamento de cabos elétricos - eng. anderson OctavioCicone
This document provides a 3-step guide for sizing electrical cables according to the Brazilian standard NBR 5410. It begins by emphasizing the importance and responsibility of properly sizing cables to ensure safety and prevent issues like fires or equipment damage. The guide then covers the three criteria for cable sizing - minimum cross-sectional area, current carrying capacity, and voltage drop. Tables from NBR 5410 are referenced to help select the appropriate cable size based on factors like cable installation method and current load. The document stresses that cable sizing should always be done carefully according to technical standards to avoid safety risks from improperly sized wiring.
Password Based Access Control System using MicrocontrollerIshworKhatiwada
The document describes the hardware and software components of a password-based access control system using a microcontroller, including a keypad for entering passwords, an LCD display, and codes for comparing entered passwords to a stored password and controlling an output to trigger a relay if the passwords match. The system continuously monitors the keypad, compares entered passwords to the stored password, and allows access by turning on an LED or unlocking a device if the passwords match or displays an error message if they do not match.
The document provides information about various components that make up a laptop computer. It discusses AC/DC power adapters and how they convert AC power to DC power required by laptops. It also covers laptop batteries, how they provide power when not plugged in, and common battery problems. Additionally, it summarizes the functions of the motherboard, CPU, memory, hard drive, cooling fan, keyboard and other internal components that comprise a laptop system. Troubleshooting tips are provided for issues that may arise with these parts.
Electricity can come from either the mains, which provides power from the larger electrical grid, or from batteries. Appliances like lamps commonly use mains electricity, while portable devices often rely on batteries as their power source. It's important to know whether a device uses mains or battery power.
Problemas de aplicación de ley de ohm y ley de wattjeanmarco
This document discusses problems applying Ohm's law and Watt's law. It begins with explanations of color codes, protoboards, Ohm's law, and Watt's law. It then provides examples of solving circuit problems using these laws, such as calculating resistance, voltage, or power given other values. It concludes that electrical power is directly proportional to voltage and current, and applications of Ohm's law establish the relationships between current, voltage, and resistance in a circuit.
The document discusses the history of batteries and cells, including their key components and types. It explains that a cell consists of electrodes, electrolyte, and produces a chemical reaction. Primary cells cannot be recharged while secondary cells can be reused. The document also defines electromotive force (EMF) as the potential difference developed in an open circuit, and internal resistance as the resistance within a battery that causes a voltage drop under load. V=ε-Ir describes the relationship between these factors.
Here are the key steps to solve series-parallel circuits:
1) Identify series and parallel sections
2) Use series/parallel rules within each section
3) Connect the sections using KVL and KCL
Let me know if any part of the process is unclear! Solving complex circuits takes practice.
A book for students and hobbyists to learn basic electronics through practical presentable circuits.
A handy guide for school science fair projects or for making personal hobby gadgets.
Design new panels and make new circuit designs.
For more info : please visit www.hobbyelectronics.in
Here are the key steps to test the logic gates:
1. Connect the power supply (5V) and ground to the IC.
2. Apply different combinations of logic inputs (0V, 5V) to the input pins of each gate.
3. Observe the output pin of each gate using an LED or logic probe for the expected output based on the gate's truth table.
4. Record the observed outputs and compare them to the expected outputs based on the gate's function.
5. Test all the gates in the given ICs (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR) following the same procedure.
6. Note any discrepancies between observed and expected outputs.
This document provides specifications for Grandlite International's LED undercabinet light fixtures: the UCLED-12, UCLED-18, and UCLED-24. The fixtures feature an extruded aluminum body, bronze powder coat finish, CREE LEDs, low temperature circuits, on/off switch, 3000K color temperature, and can be linkable to provide lighting under cabinets up to 20, 12, or 9 fixtures respectively while not exceeding 100W total.
This document provides an introduction to basic electronics concepts including Ohm's Law, resistors, capacitors, LEDs, breadboards, and debugging circuits. Ohm's Law defines the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance in a circuit. There are different types of fixed and variable resistors as well as color coding schemes to identify resistor values. Capacitors can store energy and are used for timing and filtering. LEDs require current limiting resistors to function properly. Breadboards are used for prototyping circuits and debugging connections is key to troubleshooting.
The document provides an overview of electronics components and how they work together in electronic devices. It discusses basic components like resistors, capacitors, inductors, semiconductors, and integrated circuits. It explains how these components are used to build devices like radios, TVs, phones, computers, and more. It also provides instructions for a hands-on practice connecting LEDs to a power source to learn about connections and how components work together.
Gel batteries can withstand deeper discharges than AGM batteries due to having more electrolyte. Gel batteries also experience less heat generation during recharging. AGM batteries are more prone to acid stratification from cyclical uses than gel batteries. Gel batteries maintain over 60% of their cycle life when charged at recommended voltages, whereas overcharging by 0.7V significantly reduces cycle life. Both gel and AGM battery capacity and storage life are impacted by temperature, with higher temperatures reducing capacity and requiring more frequent recharges during storage.
This circuit uses 10 LEDs of different colors (red, orange, green) to indicate the battery level of a device based on the number of LEDs that are glowing. It uses a single LM3914 comparator IC to divide the battery voltage into 10 levels and light the corresponding LED. The user can calibrate the circuit by adjusting potentiometers to match the LEDs to voltage levels, allowing it to display the approximate battery capacity remaining as a percentage. Assembling the circuit on a PCB allows it to provide a simple visual battery level indicator for testing batteries.
These slides include a presentation about the connections between math and electricity (Ohm's law, calculating voltage and resistance) as well as how-to slides so that you can make your own math quiz that lights a bulb to confirm when you have the correct answer. Note, the animations won't come through in this upload but for several slides I had the kids try to calculate the answers to my questions before I showed the answers.
This document introduces basic components of DC circuits. It defines a complete circuit as one where electron flow can travel from negative to positive terminals, and an incomplete circuit as one where flow is disrupted. Circuits must have four basic components: conductors to carry current, a load that uses power, a power supply to provide energy, and optional controllers to manage the circuit. Schematic symbols represent components in schematic diagrams, which are blueprints showing a circuit's construction. Common symbols are introduced for wires, loads like LEDs, power sources like batteries and cells, and switches as controllers. Assignments include an electronics reference chart to document websites on topics.
This 7-page document provides instructions for building a basic power supply. It begins by explaining what a power supply is and why one might want to build their own rather than purchase one. It then lists the necessary components and provides schematics to illustrate the basic concepts involved, such as how transformers, diodes, voltage regulators, and capacitors are used to convert AC to DC power. Wiring diagrams and step-by-step instructions describe how to assemble the power supply on a circuit board and connect it to an AC source and load. Optional additions like an LED indicator and notes of caution in working with mains power are also included.
Guia definitivo dimensionamento de cabos elétricos - eng. anderson OctavioCicone
This document provides a 3-step guide for sizing electrical cables according to the Brazilian standard NBR 5410. It begins by emphasizing the importance and responsibility of properly sizing cables to ensure safety and prevent issues like fires or equipment damage. The guide then covers the three criteria for cable sizing - minimum cross-sectional area, current carrying capacity, and voltage drop. Tables from NBR 5410 are referenced to help select the appropriate cable size based on factors like cable installation method and current load. The document stresses that cable sizing should always be done carefully according to technical standards to avoid safety risks from improperly sized wiring.
Password Based Access Control System using MicrocontrollerIshworKhatiwada
The document describes the hardware and software components of a password-based access control system using a microcontroller, including a keypad for entering passwords, an LCD display, and codes for comparing entered passwords to a stored password and controlling an output to trigger a relay if the passwords match. The system continuously monitors the keypad, compares entered passwords to the stored password, and allows access by turning on an LED or unlocking a device if the passwords match or displays an error message if they do not match.
The document provides information about various components that make up a laptop computer. It discusses AC/DC power adapters and how they convert AC power to DC power required by laptops. It also covers laptop batteries, how they provide power when not plugged in, and common battery problems. Additionally, it summarizes the functions of the motherboard, CPU, memory, hard drive, cooling fan, keyboard and other internal components that comprise a laptop system. Troubleshooting tips are provided for issues that may arise with these parts.
Making a simple variable power supply.
Power supply applications.
Ac and Dc current defintions.
Half wave and full wave rectifier.
Power supply circuit.
Used tools.
Working steps.
Testing.
The document discusses laptop components including AC/DC power adapters, batteries, motherboards, keyboards, processors, cooling fans, and CMOS batteries. It provides instructions on testing and replacing these components if faulty. The main points are that power adapters must match the laptop's voltage/polarity, batteries can be tested but usually must be replaced if faulty, and motherboard or keyboard failures may require replacing the entire component.
The document summarizes the design and analysis of a coil gun circuit built by Bruno Diaz and George Rosenbaum. The circuit uses a 36V power source, 37.6mF capacitor bank, and coil to induce a magnetic field and accelerate a ferromagnetic projectile. It incorporates a zener diode for voltage regulation between the capacitors and power source. An SCR thyristor is used to control current flow and discharge the capacitors through the coil. Simulation results and calculations are presented regarding the circuit operation and efficiency.
The document describes the design of a multiple output battery charger circuit. It includes:
1) An introduction outlining the need for a single charger with multiple outputs to charge many devices simultaneously.
2) Details of the circuit design including a transformer to step down 220V AC to 12V AC, a bridge rectifier to convert to DC, and four voltage regulators to provide stable 5V outputs for charging.
3) Descriptions of testing the circuit which provided the expected output voltage and ability to simultaneously charge multiple batteries.
This document provides an index and summaries of 100 transistor circuit designs. It begins with introductions on how transistors work and suggestions for building circuits using common components. The index lists various circuit categories and specific projects, many of which can be built with minimal components. The goal is to get readers experimenting with transistors through practical examples.
1. The document describes the design and implementation of an audio amplifier circuit using the LM386 integrated circuit. It provides a block diagram, schematic, layout of the printed circuit board, list of components, and descriptions of how each component works and its role in the circuit.
2. The objective is to introduce audio amplifiers using the popular LM386 audio amplifier IC and to measure the amplifier's performance and gain. Gain is controlled using external resistors connected to pins 1 and 8 of the LM386 IC.
3. Applications of the audio amplifier circuit include use as computer speakers, mobile speakers, radios, toys, portable consumer products, and AM/FM amplifiers. The circuit can also be used as a
The document discusses power supplies and voltage regulation for embedded systems. It describes how AC voltage from wall outlets must be converted to lower DC voltage and how this can be done using AC adapters, plug packs or by incorporating a bridge rectifier. It also discusses using linear regulators and switching regulators to provide a constant voltage from a varying power source like a battery. Linear regulators are simple to use but less efficient while switching regulators require more components but are more versatile. Low dropout regulators consume less power and are well-suited for low power embedded applications.
The document provides instructions for building and testing 555 timer circuits, including:
1) Designing a monostable circuit using a 555 timer chip, 10k resistors, 1000uf capacitor, 330ohm resistor, LED, and switch to produce a 10 second delay when the switch is pressed.
2) Designing an astable circuit with similar components to produce an oscillating output without the need for a switch.
3) Explaining that the resistor and capacitor connected to pins 6 and 7 of the 555 timer chip determine the time delay/oscillation period in the circuits.
This document provides instructions for an electrical seminar on pinspotter troubleshooting and repair. It covers safety procedures, using a multimeter to test voltages, ohms and amps, crimping terminals, soldering, and understanding AMP terminals and components. The last section provides step-by-step instructions to build a diagnostic tool for troubleshooting pinspotter control problems using wire, terminals, and an AMP connector block.
Here an electronic circuit breaker is designed which is based on the current sensing across a series element typically a CT (current Transformer). The current sensed which is compared against the preset value proportional to the voltage by comparator which is inbuilt in arduino to generate an output that drives a relay through a MOSFET to trip the load very fastly.
The concept of electronic circuit breaker came into focus realizing that the conventional circuit breakers such as MCBs take longer time to trip.
The steadily increasing population has more demand and consumption of electric energy in the market as raised and that of equipment’s used like electrical and electronics are also costlier
So to protect the electrical system from overload or short circuit here is one possibility, which is by ultrafast acting electronic circuit breaker
The electronic circuit breaker is based on the voltage drop across a series element proportional to the load current, typically a low -value resistor.
it's a presentation to illustrate:
What is the battery?
When did the story of battery begin?
Types of the battery
How much do batteries weigh?
What does mAh mean in a battery?
Battery Technical Specifications
How to make automatic battery charger?
How do we improve the battery charging speed?
batteries in the future
Speed Control of DC motor using AT89C52 ICDisha Modi
This document describes a project to control the speed of a DC motor using pulse width modulation (PWM) generated by an AT89C52 microcontroller. The document outlines the purpose, components, circuit diagram, programming, and workflow. Key components include an AT89C52 microcontroller, L293D motor driver, DC motor, voltage regulator, and buttons. PWM signals of varying duty cycles control the motor's speed. Code uses timers to generate PWM and buttons to select speed. The summary provides an overview of the goal and approach.
This document describes an Android-based DC motor control module that uses an ATmega8 microcontroller and MOSFETs. The module features include high performance, efficiency, reliability, and precise speed control of DC motors using pulse-width modulation (PWM) signals. An H-bridge circuit configuration with MOSFETs is used to control the direction of the DC motor. The document provides details on the components used, including descriptions of the ATmega8 microcontroller, MOSFETs, and H-bridge circuit.
Chromation systems 24-channel-usb-connected-led-controller-v3nadimsh90
This document describes a 24-channel USB-connected LED controller board that can source or sink up to 1A per channel. It uses a PIC18F4550 microcontroller to control 24 Darlington transistors over USB. The board includes jumpers to configure the transistors for sinking or sourcing current. It can control various types of LEDs in different configurations up to 36V. Assembly instructions are provided for installing resistors, transistors, capacitors, terminals, USB jack, and headers. Kits and project files are available to build the controller.
The document provides information about integrated circuits (ICs). It discusses the need for ICs and how John Kilby created the first IC in 1958. The main types of ICs are described as analog/linear ICs and digital ICs. Advantages of ICs include their small physical size, low power consumption, and increased operating speed compared to discrete circuits. Disadvantages include limited power handling and inability to include components like coils. The document then focuses on operational amplifiers (op-amps) and the 555 timer IC, outlining their applications, pinouts, characteristics, and how they can be used in monostable, astable, and bistable configurations.
There is a requirement to design a system to sense the presence of gl.pdfarihantstoneart
There is a requirement to design a system to sense the presence of glass bottles leaving an
automatic washer on a production line conveyor belt. The production line is for food products
and the environment is clean and maintained at a temperature of 15 degree C. The system must
meet the following criteria: The switching distance will lie between 5 and 20 mm. The output
from the sensor is to be of binary form, i.e. logical 1 when the part is present and logical 0 when
no part is present. It is necessary to ensure that a change of sensor state occurs closer to the
sensor when a bottle approaches than when it moves away. Bottles will pass the sensor at the
rate of 10 every second. There is no requirement for protection from contact with objects but it
must be proof against water drips. Recommend a suitable sensor and justify your
recommendation. Sketch a diagram that shows the functional blocks within the sensor and
explain each function.
Solution
lock Diagram of the system
Basic Elements Used
MICRO CONTROLLER
RESISTORS
CAPACITOR
INDUCTOR
POWER DIODE
WATER PUMP
IR SENSORS
DC MOTOR
CONVEYOR BELT
Resistore
A part from resister and inductor, a capacitor is the other basic component used in electronic
circuits. It is a device which
1. Has the ability to store charge which neither a resistor nor an inductor can do;
2. opposes any change of voltage in the circuit in which it is connected;
3. Blocks the passage of direct current through it.
CAPACITOR
The electronic component (mostly a coil) which opposes the change of current in circuit is
called an inductor. The ability of coil or inductor due to which it opposes the change of current
flowing through it is known as its inductance. The inductance of an inductor may also be defined
as the ability of an inductor to produce induced voltage when the current varies through it. The
unit of inductance is Henry which is named after Joseph Henry.
INDUCTOR
Diodes allow electricity to flow in only one direction. The arrow of the circuit symbol shows the
direction in which the current can flow. Diodes are the electrical version of a valve and early
diodes were actually called valves. The construction and the fundamental working of the power
diode and signal diode are same but the power handling capacity of the power diode is higher
than the signal diodes
POWER DIODE
Sensors
IR Sensors work by using a specific light sensor to detect a select light wavelength in the Infra-
Red (IR) spectrum. By using an LED which produces light at the same wavelength as what the
sensor is looking for, you can look at the intensity of the received light. When an object is close
to the sensor, the light from the LED bounces off the object and into the light sensor. This results
in a large jump in the intensity, which can be detected using a threshold
DRIVER CIRCUIT FOR DC MOTOR
We have used the dc motors to drive conveyer belt and to. The driver circuit for dc motors is
shown below.
COMPARATOR CIRCUIT
Comparator circuit is used in thi.
Similar to How to make ultimate 18650 power bank with expandable capacity (20)
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
How to make ultimate 18650 power bank with expandable capacity
1. Have you ever wanted the ability to power virtually anything on the go?
Well, In this video I will show you step by step, how you can make a power bank that
can do just that.
The power bank’s main features are the ability to power at least 7 devices at once, and
having a removable battery pack that consists of 15 18650 batteries which can be
replaced for extra capacity.
Furthermore, 18650 batteries are easily found in things like old laptop batteries, So it is
easy to get them for free or very cheap. And if you manage to do that, the total cost of
the components goes down to $60 which is two times cheaper than anything
commercially close.
For output, It has a 150W wall port that can power everything from Lights and Fans to
Mini Fridge or even TVs.
It also has a DC port that is adjustable From 13 to 50 volts That is made for devices
that can accept DC directly like laptops and some soldering irons. With a maximum
power output of 120 watts, The power bank can power mid-range gaming laptops
comfortably even at maximum load.
Finally, the power bank also features 4 standard USB ports with two having Quick
Charge 3.0.
Also, it has a wireless charging pad on top for when you forget the cable.
The power bank Chargers with either a standard laptop charger or USB C. Depending
on the charging current you said the power bank can be charged in under 5 hours.
And optionally, This power bank also features RGB for extra coolness Factor.
All this power comes in a size slightly larger than a standard water bottle so It can be
easily carried around.
Furthermore, with overvoltage, over discharge, short Circuit and over temperature
shutdown. Along with a fully automatic cooling system, the power bank is very safe to
use if built correctly.
With all the features out of the way, I will now show you step-by-step how to build this
power bank.
Here are the timestamps for the video, you can skip to any of those steps if you want.
But for the rest of you, here we go.
For this project, you will need a number of different components. As for always all the
links and files are in the description.
For the output, you will need a 12-volt to USB Quick Charge car adapter.
I have already taken out of its case.
A 200-watt boost converter.
2. A 150 watt 12-volt inverter with two USB ports.
And finally a wireless charging coil.
To charge the batteries you are going to need a step-down converter with a constant
current feature.
Two more mini DC step down converters.
A 3s lithium-ion battery management circuit, With balance charging. The board also
has overcurrent, over discharge, and short circuit protection.
To switch the high currents, you will need this SRA 12-volt DC relays that can handle
up to 20 amps.
Two female 5mm DC Jacks.
60x10 mm 12 volt fan to cool the circuits.
A Schottky diode that can handle at least 5 amps.
A pair of xt60 connectors.
A 20 amp car fuse.
7x3 amp slide switches.
If you want RGB on your power bank, you will need 12-volt RGB strips and a
three-button controller.
You will also need 22, 18, and 12 gauge wires.
Two mini voltmeters.
You will also need 0.5 mm thick copper strips for busbar.
M3 flathead screw
5mm Aluminum heatsinks
Various color 3mm LEDs
The temperature control and protection are done through the bimetal temperature
switches.
These switches open or close at their rated temperature.
You will need 4 normally open 45 degrees type, and 3 normally closed 45 degrees.
Most importantly, you will need 15 18650 batteries. You can use new or old cells as
long as they satisfy these three conditions.
1. They have the same tested capacity
2. They have roughly the same internal resistance.
3. The maximum discharge current of each cell must be at least 5Amps
I bought my batteries with tabs so I don't have to solder directly to the batteries.
Finally, you will need to 3D print all the files in the description, be aware that some
components must be printed in PETG or ABS so they don't melt.
Here is the overall schematic of the power bank, it is separated into 7 parts, they are
the battery pack, the charging circuit, the AC interval, the DC step-up converter, the
3. USB and over temp protection circuit, wireless charging circuit, and finally the
automatic cooling system with RGB.
I also included the full assembly power bank, If you wonder how the power bank
comes together, you can download the model and see for yourself.
I also included the version without USB C, and the version without RGB.
The first step to building this power bank is making the removable battery pack.
To start, get the tested 15 18650 batteries. I’m using the model NCR 18650B its high
capacity, it is even used in early Tesla cars. but if you want to bring this on a plane, use
cells that are less than 1800mAh or use fewer cells in each parallel group.
Measure each cell to make sure that they are at around the same voltage. If not,
charge or discharge cells until all 15 cells have the same voltage.
Now get the 3D printed battery holder, and insert the battery with the anode facing up
on the sides and cathode facing up in the middle
This creates a configuration like this.
This is what the batteries look like from the front.
After the batteries are inserted, press on the cap and secure with 6 screws.
Before the front two screws are secured, slide in the BMS like this.
Now cut 4 strips of 0.5mm thick copper sheet that is 7mm wide. This is what's going to
carry the large current from the batteries. You can also use brass or nickel strips if you
have them.
Bend and cut the copper strips to length.
Now get your iron as hot as possible, and tin the copper strip.
Now solder the batteries to the copper strip, make sure you never spend more than 3
seconds per solder connection, and only re-solder after the joint cools down.
When the soldering is done, the battery pack should look something like this.
Now check each strip to make sure that they have the correct potential.
Then the strips can be soldered to the BMS.
Next, solder short wires to an XT60 male connector
And place and solder the XT 60 in the holder of the battery pack.
Then, glue the xt60 in place, make sure that it is straight and flush with the surface.
Optionally, you can add heatsink on the MOSFETs.
Now it is time to test the battery pack to make sure it is safe to use.
First, add a heatsink onto the converter, then connect the input to a power supply that
is above 14 volts.
Then, connect the output to a volt and amp meter.
Adjust the output to 12.6 volts.
4. Next, short the output so the converter inters current display mode.
And adjust the output to anywhere between 2-3.5 amps, depending on how fast you
like your battery to get charged, and the capabilities of your power supply.
Then, connect the output to the battery pack, the battery pack should begin charging
as the blue light turns on.
Closely monitor the voltage and temperature of each cell, If there is a deviation of 0.2
volts or a cell gets notably hotter than other cells, stop the charging process
immediately, and check the solder connection or replace the cell.
When the light turns green, the charging process is finished.
The second test is the discharge test,
First, connect the battery to the input of the ammeter.
Then, get something that uses 12 volts and draws a lot of power, in this case, I’m using
my 100W flashlight, I made a video about how to make this flashlight, check it out if
you are interested.
Anyway, put at least a 10 Amp load on to the battery pack for 20 minutes. During this
time, closely monitor the voltage and temperature of the pack, pay special attention to
the solder joints, as improper joints can heat up quite a lot.
After repeating these two tests 2 more times, we can move on to making the locking
mechanism.
First, get the 3D printed parts, and a hinge.
Using the hinge, mount the pull tab to the base. The hinges in the video are too small,
so, later on, I switched to a larger hinge.
Then screw in the locking ring, and add in the locking shims.
Finally, add on the lid and screw the assembly on to the back of the battery pack.
The battery pack is now complete, it can be used as a normal 12-volt battery, here it is
powering my light.
You can make as many of these packs as you want as long as you have enough
batteries, this way if 188Wh is just not enough, you can just slide in another pack.
The Next step is to make the charging circuit, here is the overall schematic.
This is how it works; when no power is connected, the current flow through the
normally closed contact of the relays and to the output.
When power is connected, current flow through the step-down converter with constant
current but is then stopped at the relay. At the same time, current flows through the
mini step down converter. This turns on the cooling fan and the two relays. Now the
current from the step-down converter with constant current can flow into the batteries.
Now the output is switched off, this way the batteries are protected from being
charged and discharged at the same time.
Now we need to make some additional modifications to the step-down converter.
5. First, desolder the screw terminals and the LEDs.
Then add a Schottky diode facing into the input.
Next, solder thin wires to the LED pads.
Now get the 3D printed base, and attach the step-down converter to it.
Then solder the input of the step-down converter to 5mm DC jack.
If you want to charge the power bank with USB C, then you will need to buy a small
USB C 20V trigger, and solder it in parallel with the DC Jack.
Next step is to solder 3mm red, green, and blue LEDs to the wires, and test them to
see if they still work.
Then, mount them on to the side in the order from top to bottom of green, blue, then
red.
Next step is to get the mini step down converter and adjust its output voltage to 12
volts.
And then solder it to the DC jack.
Now place 2 relays in this orientation.
Oh and I almost forgot to solder the 45 degrees normally closed temperature switch in
series with the input. This switch extends into the battery compartment. This way if the
battery gets too hot, the circuit automatically stops the charging process.
Next, solder the two relay coils in series with the output of the mini step-down
converter.
Then solder a thick 12 gauge wire 90 degrees to a XT60 female connector. Then solder
on a 20Amp automotive fuse. And wrap the contacts to protect it.
Then, solder a 12 gauge wire to the negative terminal.
Next, attach the XT60 connector to its holder on the base.
Solder the positive wire to both common contacts of the relay.
Then glue the XT 60 connector in place.
cut and tin the ground wire.
Finally, Solder the output of the step-down converter to the normally open contact of
the relays.
Side on the battery pack, connect it to power. The blue LED indicates that the battery
is charging,
Awesome. Now we can move on to the Inverter circuit.
First, take the inverter circuit out of its case, and keep the screws because we will need
it for the last step.
Disconnect the 30mm fan and outlet.
Glue and solder the fan to the slot next to the mini step down converter.
If you remember the last power bank I made, you would remember that the inverter has
heat sinks on the power MOSFETs.
6. However, this inverter does not have heat sinks, so we need to make our own.
I simply bent two pieces of copper sheets and thermal epoxyed them onto the small
heat sinks. And then thermal epoxyed them onto the MOSFETs.
On one of them, I attached a 45 degree normally open thermal switch. Also, wrap all
thermal switches in tape because they are not isolated.
Here is what the finished assembly looks like.
Before adding in the inverter, slide a relay into the base.
Then solder a 12 gauge wire across three relays like this.
Carefully slide in the inverter.
Solder the positive input of the inverter to the normally open pin of the relay.
Then solder the ground wire to the ground wire of the XT60.
Solder a switch to one of the coils pins of the relay, and solder the other coil pin to the
ground.
With this, the base is finished. Now we can move on the middle layer.
First, unscrew the boost converter and take it out of its case.
Then, desolder the screw terminals, the potentiometer, and the LED.
Replace the small SMD LED with a 3mm one.
And use longer wires to extend the potentiometer.
Solder a18 gauge wires to the output.
Then slide in the boost converter onto the 3D printed middle layer and screw it in to
secure it.
Slide the potentiometer in this orientation into the middle layer.
Then get the 3D printed voltmeter and switch bracket.
Add in a voltmeter and a switch and solder them in series.
Test the voltmeter to make sure it is accurate.
Now solder and glue a DC jack onto the output of the boost converter.
Glue on the voltmeter and switch and solder it in parallel with the output of the boost
converter.
Then, press a relay in this orientation.
Solder the normally open pin to the input of the boost converter.
Then, solder a switch to one of the coil pins.
Then get the 3D printed adjustment knob, and insert a piece of 0.5mm copper sheet
into it.
Glue the stopper on to the other side and make sure the knob spins freely.
Carefully line up and glue the adjustment knob on to the middle layer.
Now as the knob is turned, the potentiometer turns with it, and the voltage can be
adjusted this way.
7. Next, desolder the LEDs on the USB Quick charge converter, and replace it with a
3mm green LED.
Then, desolder the contacts on the board.
Cover the contacts on the back with Kapton tape. Then thermal epoxy on small heat
sinks, along with a normally open 45-degree thermal switch.
Ok, I have to stop the video right here, because I forgot to film a step.
That is to solder two wires to the positive and ground pin on the USB, this is for the
wireless charging circuit.
Then, press and glue the USB assembly onto the board.
Next, thermal epoxy another normally open 45-degree thermal switch onto the heatsink
of the boost converter.
Then, solder the two thermal switches in parallel.
Solder the ground of the USB converter to the ground of the boost converter.
Then, add a switch on top of the switch for the boost converter.
Solder one switch wire to the positive of the USB converter, and the other wire to the
other coil pin of the relay.
By the end, you should have, a pair of wire from the USB output, a pair of wire from the
two thermal switches in parallel, and another pair of ground wires.
Finally, insert a 45 degree normally closed thermal switch to the bottom of the
assembly.
Before adding on the middle layer, thermal epoxy a 45 degree normally open thermal
switch next to the inverter relay.
And solder the two two temperature switches in parallel.
Alright, time to put the two layers together, carefully place on the middle assembly.
Solder 12 gauge output wire to the input of the relay.
And then attach both ground wires to the ground wire of the XT60.
Next step is the automatic cooling system.
For this step, locate the 2 pairs of wires from the temperature switches.
Solder one side of the parallel connection directly to the input of the relays. In other
words, they are connected directly to the battery so the cooling system would be
always active.
Now, get the 60x10mm fan and optionally, another mini DC step-down converter. This
is to adjust the fan speed since the 12v fan I have is too fast and noisy. So I used this
converter to step down the voltage to 8V. Skip on this if desired.
For my case, I soldered the output of the boost converter to the fan.
And then the other pair of parallel wires from the temperature switches.
And connect the step down converter to the ground wire.
8. This is the overall circuit of the cooling system, all switches are wired in parallel. This
way if any of the switch scene a temperature of 45 degrees, the fan would turn on.
The next circuit is the relay power system and USB converter circuit.
This is the overall schematic. Basically, the current from the battery passes through the
then output, then through two 45 degree normally closed thermal switch.
Then the current can flow to three components in parallel, they are the inverter relay,
the boost converter relay, and the the USB converter. This is also the over temperature
protection system, as if either of the thermal switches detects a temperature of above
45 degrees, no relays can be turned on so the power bank output shuts off.
First, solder the 45 degree normally closed thermal switch to the 12 gauge wire from
the output.
Then, solder the switch in series with the other normally closed temperature switch
which was mounted under the middle layer earlier on in the video.
Next, solder the output of that thermal switch in parallel with the USB converter switch,
and the two relay coil pins that havent been used.
Now it is important to test the circuits to make sure all systems are working properly.
Connect 12v power to the XT60 connector and flip on all the switches.
As you can see, all the output circuits turns on.
Now let's test the over temperature protection circuit.
First, I set the temperature of my soldering iron to 100 degrees, then pressed on to the
normally closed thermal switch.
As you can see, after a few seconds, all the output turns off, and only turns on after the
switch has cooled down.
Now I load each circuit to the maximum, and wait to see if the cooling fan turns on.
With all the testing done, congratulations, you have just made it through the most
complex part of the assembly.
Now screw the middle assembly on to the base with 5 screws.
They are, the three screws on the side, one screw here, and one screw here on the
back.
Then glue the cooling fan on to the side.
The final step of the assembly is the top layer, which houses the voltmeter, the wireless
charger, and optional the RGB circuit.
First, mount a voltmeter and switch on to the top assembly.
Then connect them in series.
Next, get the RGB controller and desolder the output connector.
9. Mount a small switch in this location.
Then glue the RGB controller next to it and solder it in series with the switch.
Then solder the RGB controller in parallel with voltmeter.
This is what the circuit looks like.
Next, slide in the wireless charging circuit glue it in place.
Then solder a switch in series with the wireless charging circuit’s micro USB input.
Then, I added some copper heat spreaders on to the wireless charging circuit, but this
is optional.
The next step is to solder the 4 control wires to the RGB controller and connect them
to cut up RGB strips on to the back. You can place the strips almost anywhere on the
back.
Then solder the break out pins to the last LED strip.
Then I made 4 more LED strips connected with wires in between, and mounted them in
the grooves of the battery compartment.
Next we can put the top layer on to the assembly.
Solder the RGB and voltmeter system directly to the output of the batteries. This way,
the circuit always remains active even when thermal protection circuit is tripped.
Then, using a large heat shrink tubing, insulate the ground wire.
Next, connect the wires from the USB output to the input of wireless charging switch.
Then, screw on the top lid with 4 screws.
Next, let's give one final test to the charging circuit by connecting the battery.
And turning on all the output components.
As soon as the charging cable is connected, all the output is turned off and the current
flows to the battery.
And heating the temperature switch for the charging circuit, the charging automatically
stops and only starts after the switch has cooled down.
The next step is to attach the battery compartment, you should have the two thermal
switches and the RGB cable sticking out.
Connect the RGB cable and slide on the battery compartment.
And then, press the two thermal switches into the grooves.
Then, secure the battery compartment in place with 8 screws.
Slide in the battery to make sure everything lines up.
Ok, almost there, the next step is to get the 3D printed IO shield. Depending on the
whether your power bank has USB C or not, you will need to print the appropriate
model.
In any case, the IO shield is printed in 0.2mm nozzle with a filament swap so it has two
different colors.
10. Fill the LED holes with hot glue so it diffuses the light.
Then, insert the AC outlet into the IO shield and glue it in place.
Next, glue the inverter switch next to the two USB ports.
Then, connect the AC port to the inverter board.
Screw in the IO shield with the screws salvaged from the inverter earlier in the video.
Next, get the 3D printed outer sleeve, I included a version with or without RGB, but you
can always customize the model to have your own pattern.
Slide in the assembly into the into the outer sleeve, then secure it in place with screws
on both ends.
Glue the RGB controller cover on and add on the stickers.
Finally, get the 3D printed end caps, I printed them out of Ninjaflex so it is flexible and
able to absorb shock and impacts.
The caps are glued on with double sided sticky tape so It can be removed if needed.
With that, the powerbank is finally complete. Thanks for staying with me through the
whole process.
With the removable battery pack, you can make as many of them as you want for
infinitely expanding capacity. Comment below if you want to see a video of how to test
and refurbish old 18650 batteries to they can be used to make the battery pack.
The power bank can be used for emergency backup power, for outdoor camping, or
anytime you need portable power on the go.
Here is the a few guides and tips and tricks about the power bank.
It is not a good idea to alway charge the battery to full. As you can see from this graph,
the less the battery is charged, the more the cycle life.
So to prolong the life of the battery, try to keep the voltage of the battery between
10-12V.
For the best practice, always plug in the device after turning on the circuits, and
disconnect all load before charging.
Also, always check the voltage on the DC port before plugging in the device, otherwise
you ran a risk of frying the device.
And of course, do not leave the power bank in sunlight or rain.
Also, I included all the schematic and additional information in a link in the description.
So that is it for this project. If you liked this project, please give the video a like and
consider subscribing for more DIY projects like this, I'll leave you with a timelapse of
the design process. And as for always, Thanks for watching.
11.
Description:
In this video I will show you the ultimate solution to power on the go. This DIY power
bank features a removable battery pack, which can be easily replaced, giving this
power bank unlimited capacity as long as you have enough cells. The cost of the row
components of this power bank is around 60 dollars, which is two times cheaper than
anything commercially equivalent.
WARNING: Do everything at your own risk, lithium batteries can catch fire or explode if
mishandled. This power bank requires a more than basic understanding of electronic to
complete.
Schematics and the script:
3D print and CAD files: coming in less than 24hrs
Part links: (some are affiliate)
15x 18650 battery, if you are going to buy new, I recommend these:
https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/20A-high-discharge-18650-2500mah-3_6084
2394272.html?spm=a2700.7724838.2017115.120.656b3c15t5pLHy
Or NCR18650B/BD
https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Original-Japan-NCR18650B-3400mAh-3-7v_6
0482164381.html?spm=a2700.7724838.2017115.83.178268efmg9Mey
USB 12V quick charge:
eBay:https://www.ebay.com/itm/USB-Fast-Quick-CAR-Charger-Adapter-16W-5-9-12V
-3-1A-for-Android-or-iPhone/143148815849?var=442095655563
Amazon: https://amzn.to/2KbJoE5
200W boost converter:
eBay:https://www.ebay.com/itm/200W-DC-DC-Boost-Converter-6-35V-to-6-55V-10A-
Step-Up-Voltage-Charger-Power/222147971321
Amazon: https://amzn.to/2KdpvfW
12V Inverter 110V:
ebay:https://www.ebay.com/itm/150W-Power-Inverter-DC-12V-to-110V-Car-AC-Adapt
er-with-3-1A-two-USB-ports-US/112994629611
Amazon: https://amzn.to/2Wdduyy
12V inverter 220V: Warning! can only be used on resistive load.
eBay:https://www.ebay.com/itm/DC-AC-Step-up-12V-to-110V-220V-Inverter-Boost-B
oard-150W-Converter-Transformer/222545838612?hash=item33d0c40214:g:BsoAAO
Sw6YtZQSd5
Amazon: https://amzn.to/2WfxEYv
12. Wireless charging circuit:
eBay:https://www.ebay.com/itm/Practical-DIY-PCBA-Circuit-Board-Coil-Wireless-Char
ging-Qi-Wireless-Charger-USB/283387526814?var=584364033055
Amazon: https://amzn.to/2WAC9w2
DC DC step down constant current:
eBay:https://www.ebay.com/itm/DC-Step-Down-Voltage-Constant-Current-Buck-Reg
ulator-Battery-Charger-LED-Driver/191902394789
Amazon: https://amzn.to/2WfV93R
Mini DC step down:
eBay:https://www.ebay.com/itm/2pcs-Mini360-3A-DC-Voltage-Step-Down-Power-Co
nverter-Buck-Module-3-3V-5V-9V-12V/382620018157
Amazon: https://amzn.to/2KipmI2
3s BMS with balance:
eBay:https://www.ebay.com/itm/3S-25A-protection-PCB-board-W-balance-BMS-for-1
8650-Li-ion-lithium-battery-H/153309641527
Amazon: https://amzn.to/2W9FRNU
12v 20A mini relay:
eBay:https://www.ebay.com/itm/SONGLE-10-pcs-Relay-5-Pin-SPDT-SRA-12VDC-CL-
DC-12V-Coil-20A-Universal-PCB-N-K8L1/182546713277
Amazon: https://amzn.to/2Min8ev
Temperature switch (4x N.C. 45 degrees & 4x N.O. 45 degrees.)
eBay:https://www.ebay.com/itm/5pcs-40-160-C-Bimetal-Temperatur-e-Thermostat-C
ontrol-Switch-N-C-250V-5A-KSD9700/162152873403?var=461125914349
Amazon: https://amzn.to/2QwIhjt
Slide switches:
Amazon: https://amzn.to/2KaQnxe
eBay:https://www.ebay.com/itm/10PCS-4-7mm-2A-125V-SPDT-1P2T-2-Position-3-Pi
n-Slide-Switch-5mm-Shaft-Straight/192647303542?hash=item2cdaac9176:g:4mYAAO
SwK1xbTGDZ
60x10mm fan:
Amazon: https://amzn.to/2WbIiiZ
eBay:https://www.ebay.com/itm/12V-DC-60mm-2Pin-60x60x10mm-CPU-Cooling-Co
mputer-PC-Case-Cooler-6010-Fan-US/192490647474
USB C trigger:
https://www.ebay.com/itm/Type-C-USB-C-PD2-0-3-0-to-DC-USB-fast-charge-trigger-
Poll-detector-Charging/173725301413?hash=item2872d5baa5:m:mtQk2e9KiBozm3Gp
MOpgZzQ
RGB controller:
https://www.ebay.com/itm/Mini-3-Key-Controller-Dimmer-Amplifier-For-RGB-3528-50
13. 50-5630-LED-Light-Strip/182695567707?hash=item2a8981215b:m:m8fh4a4fxff7sF5FI
6SpQwg
XT 60, wires, and RGB strips are salvaged from old electronics.
Music used:
There It Is by ZAYFALL https://soundcloud.com/zayfallmusic
Music promoted by Audio Library https://youtu.be/e9CtjM_2yKg
Spite by ZAYFALL https://soundcloud.com/zayfallmusic
Creative Commons — Attribution 3.0 Unported — CC BY 3.0
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/b...
Music promoted by Audio Library https://youtu.be/PLw9glZjEbQ
Parasail - Silent Partner (No Copyright Music)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MzO4zfNO0kQ
Altro - Epic [NCN Release]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ove9aWhwtA8