This document discusses problems applying Ohm's Law and Watt's Law. It contains information on color codes for electronic components like resistors, the parts and uses of breadboards or protoboards, and examples of applying Ohm's Law and Watt's Law to calculate values like resistance, current, voltage and power in simple circuits. Blog links are provided for each group member. Evidence photos from building circuits on a breadboard are included at the end.
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Problemas de aplicación ley de ohm y ley de watt
1. Problemas de Aplicación Ley de OHM y Ley de WATT
Integrantes:
Carmen Mariana Antero Morales
Daniela Avendaño Valdes
Tatiana Chagüendo Valencia
Tatiana Matabanchoy Martinez
Docente:
Guillermo Mondragon
Grado:
10-3
I.E Liceo Departamental
Cali - Valle del cauca
2021
2. Tabla de Contenido
Pág
1. Código de Colores ………………………………………………………... 2, 3
2. Protoboard………………………………………………………………….4
2.2 Partes del Protoboard………………………………………………….. 5, 6
2.3 Ventajas y desventajas del Protoboard ………………………………...7
3. Problemas 1 y 2…………………………………………………………….8, 9
4. Conclusiones……………………………………………………………….10
5. Referencias………………………………………………………………...11
6. Links de blogs……………………………………………………………...12
7. Evidencias………………………………………………………………….13, 14, 15
1
3. Código de colores
El código de colores se utiliza en electrónica para indicar los valores de los componentes
electrónicos. Es muy habitual en los resistores pero también se utiliza para otros componentes
como condensadores, inductores, diodos etc.
El color impreso en la resistencia es la forma que usa el fabricante para indicar los
parámetros, como resistencia, tolerancia, ohmios ... Si la resistencia es lo suficientemente
grande, puede encontrar estos parámetros escritos en el cuerpo del componente, por si acaso
el tamaño no lo permite. estará representado en una cinta con color
Para poder obtener con facilidad el valor de la resistencia / resistor se utiliza el código de
colores. Sobre estos resistores se pintan unas bandas de colores. Cada color representa un
número que se utiliza para obtener el valor final del resistor. ... A mayor tamaño del resistor,
más disipación de potencia (calor).
– Las dos primeras bandas indican las dos primeras cifras del valor del resistor.
– La tercera banda indica cuántos ceros hay que aumentarle al valor anterior para obtener el
valor final del resistor.
– La cuarta banda nos indica la tolerancia y si hay quinta banda, ésta nos indica su
confiabilidad.
2
4. Código de colores de resistencias de tres bandas Código de colores de resistencias de cuatro bandas
Código de colores de resistencias de cinco bandas Código de colores de resistencias de seis bandas
3
5. Protoboard
La Protoboard, llamada en inglés breadboard, es una placa de pruebas en los que se pueden
insertar elementos electrónicos y cables con los que se arman circuitos sin la necesidad de
soldar ninguno de los componentes.
Las Protoboards tienen orificios que se encuentran conectados por debajo a través de
pequeñas láminas metálicas que siguen un patrón determinado:
– Los orificios ubicados en una misma fila se encuentran unidos entre sí.
– Los que están en filas diferentes no tienen conductividad entre sí.
La intención es crear o modificar circuitos con la mayor rapidez y fluidez posibles,
normalmente estas placas son usadas para realizar pruebas experimentales. Si la prueba
resulta satisfactoria el circuito se construye de una forma más permanente para evitar el
riesgo de que algún componente pueda desconectarse. En caso de que la prueba no sea
satisfactoria, puede modificarse el circuito fácilmente.
Estructura del protoboard: Las Protoboards tienen tres partes
4
6. A) Canal central: El canal central está situado en la parte central de la lámina y está
constituido por un material aislante. Su función es separar las áreas de conexión superior e
inferior de la placa y, por lo tanto, al conectar circuitos integrados en la placa de prueba, los
pines a cada lado del circuito integrado se mantienen aislados.
B) Buses: Los buses se localizan en ambos extremos del protoboard, se representan por las
líneas rojas (buses positivos o de voltaje) y azules (buses negativos o de tierra) y conducen de
acuerdo a estas, no existe conexión física entre ellas. La fuente de poder generalmente se
conecta aquí.
5
7. C) Reglas de terminales o Pistas: Las pistas están separadas por filas de orificios conectadods
eléctricamente entre sí; Cada fila (indicada con números) está conectada entre sí, y cada
columna (indicada con letras) es eléctricamente independiente de las otras columnas, es decir,
los agujeros solo están conectados horizontalmente.
6
8. Ventajas y desventajas del Protoboard
Ventajas:
- Son fáciles y prácticas de usar
- Son realmente fáciles de transportar
- Existe una gran variedad de placas en el mercado y se encuentra en cualquier tienda
de electrónica
- Son reutilizables
Desventajas:
- En ocasiones puede haber falsos contactos
- Los cables empleados para las conexiones pueden tener mala conductividad
- No están diseñadas para trabajar con componentes de gran potencia
- Suelen operar a bajas frecuencias
7
9. Problemas 1 y 2
Ejercicios Impares
● 1.Un circuito consiste en una batería de 6V, un interruptor y una lámpara. Cuando el
interruptor está cerrado, en el circuito fluye una corriente de 2A. ¿Cuál es la
resistencia de la lámpara?
V = 6 V R = ? I = 2A
R =V/I
R = 6/2
R = 3Ω
Respuesta: La resistencia de la lámpara es de 3 Ohmio
● 3. En los extremos de un resistor de 200Ω se mide un voltaje de 20V ¿Cual es la
corriente que pasa por el resistor?
V = 20 V R = 200Ω I = ?
I = V/R
I = 20/200
I = 0.1A
Respuesta: La corriente que pasa por el resistor es de 0.1 Amperio
● 5.El filamento es un tubo de televisión que tiene una resistencia de 90Ω ¿Que voltaje
se requiere para producir la corriente de las especificaciones de 0.3A?
V = ? R = 90Ω I = 0.3A
V = I × R
V = 0.3 × 90
V = 27V
Respuesta: El voltaje requerido para producir la corriente de 0.3 Amperio, es de 27
Voltios
8
10. ● 9.Una bobina de relevador telegráfico de 160Ω opera con un voltaje de 6.4.
Encuéntrese la corriente que consume el relevador.
V = 6.4V R = 160Ω I = ?
I = V/R
I = 6.4/160
I = 0,04 A
Respuesta: El relevador consume un total de energía de 0,04 Amperio
● 11.Una batería de 12V está conectada a una lámpara que tiene una resistencia de 10Ω,
¿Qué potencia se suministra a la carga?
V= 12V R= 10Ω P=?
P= V²/ R
P= 12² / 10
P= 14.4 W
Respuesta: La potencia que se suministra a la carga es de 14.4 wattio
● 13.Un resistor del circuito de la fuente lleva 0.5A ¿Cuantos watts de potencia son
disipados por el resistor?
P = ? R = 12Ω I = 0.5A
P = × R
𝐼
2
P = × 12
0. 5
2
P = 3W
Respuesta: El total de Watts de potencia disparados por el resistor son de 3 Wattios
¿Cuál debe ser el wattaje del resistor para que pueda disipar en forma de calor esta
potencia sin riesgo alguno?
V = ? R = 12Ω I = 0.5A
V = R × I
V = 12 × 0.5
V = 6w
Respuesta: El wattaje del resistor debe de ser de 6w para poder disparar la potencia
sin riesgo alguno
9
11. Conclusiones
El protoboard es una herramienta muy útil y es fácil y práctico de usar, la cual nos permite
interconectar elementos electrónicos sin la necesidad de soldar componentes. Logrando así
que se facilite el armado de circuitos o sistemas electrónicos.
El código de colores no indica la potencia que puede disipar, pero el tamaño que tiene el
resistor da una idea de la disipación máxima que puede tener. Los colores de las bandas de los
resistores nos indica cuantos Ohms tiene la resistencia ya que cada color representa un
número.
10
12. Referencias
Código de Colores:
(2020, 22 diciembre). Código de resistencias SMD. Código de
colores.https://www.surtel.es/blog/codigo-de-resistencias-smd.-codigo-de-colores/
Protoboard:
1.3 Funcionamiento del protoboard - APRENDIZAJE EFICAZ. (s. f.).
sites.google.https://sites.google.com/site/aprendizajeeficaz/3ra-unidad/1-3
(2021, 8 marzo). ¿Qué es una Protoboard? 330ohms.
https://blog.330ohms.com/2016/03/02/protoboards/
M. (2020, 24 noviembre). ¿Qué es un protoboard? MiElectrónicaFácil.com.
https://mielectronicafacil.com/instrumentacion/protoboard/#canal-central
¿Qué es y Cómo usar una PROTOBOARD o PLACA DE PRUEBAS? (2019, 30 septiembre).
[Vídeo]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJr6cmNy7jY
11