it's a presentation to illustrate:
What is the battery?
When did the story of battery begin?
Types of the battery
How much do batteries weigh?
What does mAh mean in a battery?
Battery Technical Specifications
How to make automatic battery charger?
How do we improve the battery charging speed?
batteries in the future
State of Charge Vs Depth of Discharge
Battery Indicator
Safety Label
Lead Acid Battery Standard Performance
The difference between Conventional Batteries, Hybrid Batteries and MF Batteries
Lagging cells in lead acid batteries
Cycling
Lead-Acid Cell and Battery Troubles and Their Remedies
Water Loss in VRLA
Premature Capacity Loss in VRLA
References
- What is battery
- Purpose of battery
- Battery Classification
- Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing Process
- Lead Acid Battery Component and Construction
- Lead Acid Battery Standard
- Grid Casting Machine
- Grid and small part
- Mixing
- Positive and Negative Active Material
- Pasting
- Curing and Drying
Active cell balancing of Li-Ion batteries using single capacitor and single L...journalBEEI
In this paper a novel single series resonant tank and capacitor converter based voltage balancing circuit for series supercapacitor string and battery cells string is presented. It recognizes the balancing circuit which recovered the maximum energy and zero voltage gap between cells in a series supercapacitor system or battery system. This balancing circuit not only inherits the improvement of conventional single series resonant converter based balancing system, but also recovers the drawback of switching loss, conduction loss and voltage gap between cell strings. All MOSFET switches are controlled by a pair of complementary PWM signals. Also the resonant tank and parallel capacitor operate between the two mode of charging and discharging. This voltage balancing circuit has shown promising result to be used in battery management system.
- Corrosion Layer 1 and 2
- Soaking
- Formation
- Tank Formation and Washing
- Container Formation
- Concept of Tank Formation Program
- Inert Gas Oven
- Enveloping
- Assembling
- Equilibrium Cell Voltage of the lead acid battery
- Pourbaix Diagram
- Chemical Reaction (Charging and Discharging)
- Battery Container and Cover
- Accessories
- Safety Labeling
- Sulfuric Acid
State of Charge Vs Depth of Discharge
Battery Indicator
Safety Label
Lead Acid Battery Standard Performance
The difference between Conventional Batteries, Hybrid Batteries and MF Batteries
Lagging cells in lead acid batteries
Cycling
Lead-Acid Cell and Battery Troubles and Their Remedies
Water Loss in VRLA
Premature Capacity Loss in VRLA
References
- What is battery
- Purpose of battery
- Battery Classification
- Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing Process
- Lead Acid Battery Component and Construction
- Lead Acid Battery Standard
- Grid Casting Machine
- Grid and small part
- Mixing
- Positive and Negative Active Material
- Pasting
- Curing and Drying
Active cell balancing of Li-Ion batteries using single capacitor and single L...journalBEEI
In this paper a novel single series resonant tank and capacitor converter based voltage balancing circuit for series supercapacitor string and battery cells string is presented. It recognizes the balancing circuit which recovered the maximum energy and zero voltage gap between cells in a series supercapacitor system or battery system. This balancing circuit not only inherits the improvement of conventional single series resonant converter based balancing system, but also recovers the drawback of switching loss, conduction loss and voltage gap between cell strings. All MOSFET switches are controlled by a pair of complementary PWM signals. Also the resonant tank and parallel capacitor operate between the two mode of charging and discharging. This voltage balancing circuit has shown promising result to be used in battery management system.
- Corrosion Layer 1 and 2
- Soaking
- Formation
- Tank Formation and Washing
- Container Formation
- Concept of Tank Formation Program
- Inert Gas Oven
- Enveloping
- Assembling
- Equilibrium Cell Voltage of the lead acid battery
- Pourbaix Diagram
- Chemical Reaction (Charging and Discharging)
- Battery Container and Cover
- Accessories
- Safety Labeling
- Sulfuric Acid
Contents of this presenation entitled 'Introduction of different Energy storage systems used in Electric & Hybrid vehicles' is useful for beginners and students
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
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Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
2. What is the battery?
When did the story of battery begin?
Types of the battery
• Lead Acid Battery
• Lithium – Ion Battery
How much do batteries weigh?
What does mAh mean in a battery?
Battery Technical Specifications
How to make automatic battery charger?
How do we improve the battery charging speed?
batteries in the future
6. used in: automobiles
consists of: a series of plates kept immersed in
sulphuric acid solution.
The plates are divided into positive and negative
plates.
The positive plates hold pure lead as the active
material while
lead oxide is attached on the negative plates
7. 01 02 03
the flooded lead-acid
batteries
used in: cars
the electrolyte
is in liquid form
worst options to use as a
solar battery.
AGM Sealed
used in: UPS
and golf carts.
absorb the
electrolyte by highly
porous, micro-fiber glass
separators
increasing efficiency by
lowering internal
resistance, larger capacity
in a smaller case size.
the battery can be
recharged much faster than
flooded lead acid batteries.
Gel Sealed Lead Acid
the electrolyte
Sulfuric acid is
mixed with
silica fume, which makes
the resulting mass gel-like
and immobile.
This creates a completely
maintenance free.
8. ▪ used in: electronic portable devices like Mobile phone, Laptop, Digital Camera, etc.
▪ Advantages:
1. Light weight compared to other batteries of similar size.
2. Available in different shape including Flat shape
3. High open circuit voltage that increases the power transfer at low current.
4. Very low self-discharge rate of 5-10% per month. Self-discharge is around 30% in
NiCd and NiMh batteries.
▪ Disadvantages:
1. The deposits inside the electrolyte over time will inhibit the flow of charge. This
increases the internal resistance of the battery and the cell’s capacity to deliver
current gradually decreases.
2. High charging and high temperature may leads to capacity loss
3. When overheated, Li-Ion battery may suffer thermal run away and cell rupture.
9. How much
do
batteries
weigh?
▪weight is usually proportional to its voltage and
capacity, regardless of whether they’re lithium
ion or lead-acid.
▪batteries in an automobile weigh 20 to 28 kg.
▪larger unit like Tesla’s PowerWall can weigh
well over 100kg.
▪a 6 kg lead-acid battery produces the same
amount of energy that a 1 kg lithium ion battery
can produce.
10. 3000 mAh means If your gadget draws a current of 200 mA,
then it will last for, 3000 mAh/200 mA= 15 hours
Overall your usage time will depend on how much current your device
is drawing.
Charge = current (in mA) x time (in hour)
11.
12. Voltage (V): normal voltage of the battery.
Cut-off Voltage: The minimum allowable voltage that defines the “empty” state of the battery.
Internal Resistance: is an overall resistance within the battery When the internal resistance is
increased, the batter efficiency decreases due to more charging energy is converted to heat.
State of Charge (SOC) (%): An expression of the present battery capacity as a percentage of
maximum capacity.
Current rate (C-rate): is a measure of the discharge current relative to its capacity. 1C rate
indicates to the current at which the battery will fully discharge in one hour.
13. Capacity (Ah): is the amount of electric charge it can store in a specific condition.
Energy capacity (Wh ): the total Watt-hours available when the battery is discharged from 100
percent state-of-charge to the cut-off voltage
Depth of Discharge (DOD) (%): The percentage of battery capacity that has been discharged expressed
as a percentage of maximum capacity. A discharge to at least 80 % DOD is referred to as a deep
discharge.
Cycle Life :The number of discharge-charge cycles the battery can experience before it fails to meet
specific performance criteria.
The higher the DOD, the lower the cycle life.
14.
15. ▪ Circuit Principle
▪ If the battery voltage is below 12V, battery is charging.
▪ When the battery voltage rises to 13.5V, the current flow to the battery stops and zener diode gets the sufficient
breakdown voltage and it allows the current through it.
▪ Now the base of the transistor gets the sufficient current to turn on so that the output current from LM317 voltage
regulator is grounded through the transistor Q1. As a result Red LED indicates the full of charge.
16. supply voltage 230V, 50Hz is
connected to transformer to
step down the voltage to 15-0-
15V.
diodes D1, D2 to convert low
AC voltage to pulsating DC
voltage (rectification).
The pulsating DC voltage is
applied to the 470uF capacitor
to remove the AC ripples.
unregulated DC voltage is
applied to the LM317 variable
voltage regulator to provide
regulated DC voltage.
The output voltage of this
voltage regulator is variable
from 1.2V to 37V and the
maximum output current from
this IC is 1.5A. The output
voltage of this voltage
regulator is varied by varying
the pot 10k.
diode D5 is used to avoid the
discharge of battery when
main supply fails.
When battery charges fully, the zener
diode D6 which connected in reverse bias
conducts. Now base of BD139 NPN
transistor gets the current through the
zener so that the total current is grounded.
In this circuit green LED is
used for indicating the charge
of the battery. Resistor R3 is
used to protect the green LED
from high voltages.
17. How do we
improve
the battery
charging
speed?
▪ choose the best anode material.
▪a thinner electrode design that accelerate lithium
ion diffusion.
▪more lithium ions pass through all 3 dimensions
(x, y and z)
anode material electrode design
charging speed