With the growing volume of user-generated content, Web sites need to create a content moderation strategy that is scalable, effective and cost-efficient, while providing an enriched, socially-enabled user experience.
Video is quickly becoming an essential element of search engine marketing (SEM), and as technology continues to progress, the method for obtaining search rankings will evolve. Video has the potential to drive traffic and increase brand awareness—but marketers must first develop a clear understanding of how to optimize videos for Search Engines.
Video is quickly becoming an essential element of search engine marketing (SEM), and as technology continues to progress, the method for obtaining search rankings will evolve. Video has the potential to drive traffic and increase brand awareness—but marketers must first develop a clear understanding of how to optimize videos for Search Engines.
Apps, APIs and Opportunities: Platform integration and opportunitiesViadeo
Platform integration is at the heart of next generation social networks. Creative developers are starting to spin a new web
of integrated services through carefully constructed apps but do businesses get it? Can this move towards enhanced integration open doors to true virtual mobility for business users or are apps and APIs really just for consumers wanting to play Scrabble and raise virtual farm animals?
Use a new media mix to maximize your Return on Investment
Use social media as part of media mix and combine with conventional media
Understand your target market and involve them to co-create your brand
This fall, our Global Social Media team takes a step back at the five underlying social media trends spotted as of September 2012. With over 1.4 billion social media users (19.2% increase over 2011) we continue to witness unprecedented growth in an industry where new players, features, and technologies are introduced every single day. And as the industry furthers its scale globally, we'll no doubt see additional shifts in trends and behaviors as new markets enter in with unique cultures and practices of their own.
Social Media for Communication 101 is an introduction program for employees who have zero, basic knowledge on Social Media and how to use available tools for communication.
In our October Innovations report, we went through the marketing loop and identified our favorite examples from the month along the customer journey.
As expected, we saw a surge in all things mobile. Research from Gartner provided significant projections for the next two years in the growth of smartphone & tablet activity, and brands have jumped onboard, targeting consumers through in-app mobile ads and in-store consideration tactics. In our report, we highlighted the Honda campaign in Zynga’s Scramble With Friends mobile game, Target’s use of QR codes for secretive holiday toy shopping and Kraft’s experimentations with NFC in groceries across the Bay Area.
Also to note, we saw both DisneyStore.com and Rent the Runway refresh their ecommerce sites, just in time for holiday season, and Red Bull make a splash across the globe with one of the biggest brand moments of the year — Stratos.
Check back on our blog soon, as we’ll be recapping this year’s Black Friday and Cyber Monday research & news in our next report!
Breitling Navitimer Blue Sky, JeanRichard Terrascope, Blancpain Calendario Retrógrado, Montblanc TimeWalker UTC, Zenith El Primero Stratos, Hamilton Jazzmaster, Girard-Perregaux Hawk, Edox Chronodakar, Bugatti Veyron Bernard Venet, BMW Concept Coupé Serie 4, Maserati Quattroporte, Mercedes-Benz Clase E, VW Passat R-Line, Peugeot 4008, Toyota Auris, Kia Optima Híbrido, SsangYong Rexton W, Ford B-Max, Moto Guzzi California 1400 Touring, Loewe Connect ID 55, Thorens TD 309, Philips DECT Mira, Gigaset S820, Yamaha YAS 201, De Antonio D23, Spa Mandarin Oriental Barcelona, Gran Codorníu Gran Reserva.
Apps, APIs and Opportunities: Platform integration and opportunitiesViadeo
Platform integration is at the heart of next generation social networks. Creative developers are starting to spin a new web
of integrated services through carefully constructed apps but do businesses get it? Can this move towards enhanced integration open doors to true virtual mobility for business users or are apps and APIs really just for consumers wanting to play Scrabble and raise virtual farm animals?
Use a new media mix to maximize your Return on Investment
Use social media as part of media mix and combine with conventional media
Understand your target market and involve them to co-create your brand
This fall, our Global Social Media team takes a step back at the five underlying social media trends spotted as of September 2012. With over 1.4 billion social media users (19.2% increase over 2011) we continue to witness unprecedented growth in an industry where new players, features, and technologies are introduced every single day. And as the industry furthers its scale globally, we'll no doubt see additional shifts in trends and behaviors as new markets enter in with unique cultures and practices of their own.
Social Media for Communication 101 is an introduction program for employees who have zero, basic knowledge on Social Media and how to use available tools for communication.
In our October Innovations report, we went through the marketing loop and identified our favorite examples from the month along the customer journey.
As expected, we saw a surge in all things mobile. Research from Gartner provided significant projections for the next two years in the growth of smartphone & tablet activity, and brands have jumped onboard, targeting consumers through in-app mobile ads and in-store consideration tactics. In our report, we highlighted the Honda campaign in Zynga’s Scramble With Friends mobile game, Target’s use of QR codes for secretive holiday toy shopping and Kraft’s experimentations with NFC in groceries across the Bay Area.
Also to note, we saw both DisneyStore.com and Rent the Runway refresh their ecommerce sites, just in time for holiday season, and Red Bull make a splash across the globe with one of the biggest brand moments of the year — Stratos.
Check back on our blog soon, as we’ll be recapping this year’s Black Friday and Cyber Monday research & news in our next report!
Breitling Navitimer Blue Sky, JeanRichard Terrascope, Blancpain Calendario Retrógrado, Montblanc TimeWalker UTC, Zenith El Primero Stratos, Hamilton Jazzmaster, Girard-Perregaux Hawk, Edox Chronodakar, Bugatti Veyron Bernard Venet, BMW Concept Coupé Serie 4, Maserati Quattroporte, Mercedes-Benz Clase E, VW Passat R-Line, Peugeot 4008, Toyota Auris, Kia Optima Híbrido, SsangYong Rexton W, Ford B-Max, Moto Guzzi California 1400 Touring, Loewe Connect ID 55, Thorens TD 309, Philips DECT Mira, Gigaset S820, Yamaha YAS 201, De Antonio D23, Spa Mandarin Oriental Barcelona, Gran Codorníu Gran Reserva.
Active Directory migration from Windows 2003 to Windows 2012
Hands-on knowledge and experience on Exchange 2010/2007/2003 and Windows 2000, 2003,2008,2012 server – Domain Controller and Windows Server Administration.
Managing Backup, VMware (virtualization), NAS, DHCP, DNS, WINS, Server Hardening Datacenter Migration and Managing Group Policy.
Managing team and following ITIL process in all category of task related to IT
Gianluca Diegoli [mini]marketing 91 tesi per un marketing diversoGianluca Diegoli
Solamente ventiduemila caratteri: non è un manuale di
business ma un generatore di dubbi sul marketing e la
comunicazione aziendale ai tempi della conversazione
globale dei forum, delle community, dei blog, dei social
network e delle forme fluide di dialogo online che con un
rassicurante nome definiamo social media.
AAA CTLA 2009 IFRS Panel Presentation in New YorkTschakert
Presentation on IFRS Education at the 2009 AAA CTLA Conference in New York togeter with Professor Mark Holtzblatt (Roosevelt University) and Professor John Haverty (Saint Joseph\'s University)
Queremos ser su consultora de referencia en Costa Rica para brindarle servicios integrales de seguridad, para con nuestra conectividad con personas y empresas, por nuestra confiabilidad, espíritu innovador, liderazgo y la solidez de nuestros procesos.
Social Media in a Corporate Context 2010 - Luke Aviet, GoViralCommunicate Magazine
Spread the word - How are brands and organisations using viral videos to reach and interact with audiences online? Here we look at the changes in media consumption, focusing on the growth in the online video market and highlighting the different genres of branded content video.
http://www.nhs.uk is the largest healthcare website in the UK providing citizens a free and extensive portal to all healthcare conditions, medical advice, GP and Hospital services, testimonials and comprehensive information in the forms of articles, stories, slideshows, videos, blogs, syndication, tools, widgets and mobile accessibility. The site contains 40k pages, 400+ videos and achieves 10-12 million unique visitors a month.
- State of the Digital Syndication Space.
- Apps, Widgets, API development and content distribution.
- Presentation identifying and defining digital strategy and outlining tactics and executions.
In the current economy where every dollar counts, the ability to demonstrate the value of your programs is a business imperative. You don’t need to have an army of people to measure properly (and no Ad Value Equivalents!) – you just need to be armed with a measurement process that works. Award-winning pro Kami Huyse will show us how to design PR and marketing programs from the beginning so they can be accurately measured, and step us through what to track using tools accessible to solos (without the hefty price tags).
Using Adaptive Scrum to Tame Process Reverse Engineering in Data Analytics Pr...Cognizant
Organizations rely on analytics to make intelligent decisions and improve business performance, which sometimes requires reproducing business processes from a legacy application to a digital-native state to reduce the functional, technical and operational debts. Adaptive Scrum can reduce the complexity of the reproduction process iteratively as well as provide transparency in data analytics porojects.
It Takes an Ecosystem: How Technology Companies Deliver Exceptional ExperiencesCognizant
Experience is evolving into a strategy that reaches across technology companies. We offer guidance on the rise of experience and its role in business modernization, with details on how orgnizations can build the ecosystem to support it.
The Work Ahead: Transportation and Logistics Delivering on the Digital-Physic...Cognizant
The T&L industry appears poised to accelerate its long-overdue modernization drive, as the pandemic spurs an increased need for agility and resilience, according to our study.
Enhancing Desirability: Five Considerations for Winning Digital InitiativesCognizant
To be a modern digital business in the post-COVID era, organizations must be fanatical about the experiences they deliver to an increasingly savvy and expectant user community. Getting there requires a mastery of human-design thinking, compelling user interface and interaction design, and a focus on functional and nonfunctional capabilities that drive business differentiation and results.
The Work Ahead in Manufacturing: Fulfilling the Agility MandateCognizant
According to our research, manufacturers are well ahead of other industries in their IoT deployments but need to marshal the investment required to meet today’s intensified demands for business resilience.
The Work Ahead in Higher Education: Repaving the Road for the Employees of To...Cognizant
Higher-ed institutions expect pandemic-driven disruption to continue, especially as hyperconnectivity, analytics and AI drive personalized education models over the lifetime of the learner, according to our recent research.
Engineering the Next-Gen Digital Claims Organisation for Australian General I...Cognizant
In recent years, insurers have invested in technology platforms and process improvements to improve
claims outcomes. Leaders will build on this foundation across the claims landscape, spanning experience,
operations, customer service and the overall supply chain with market-differentiating capabilities to
achieve sustainable results.
Profitability in the Direct-to-Consumer Marketplace: A Playbook for Media and...Cognizant
Amid constant change, industry leaders need an upgraded IT infrastructure capable of adapting to audience expectations while proactively anticipating ever-evolving business requirements.
Green Rush: The Economic Imperative for SustainabilityCognizant
Green business is good business, according to our recent research, whether for companies monetizing tech tools used for sustainability or for those that see the impact of these initiatives on business goals.
Policy Administration Modernization: Four Paths for InsurersCognizant
The pivot to digital is fraught with numerous obstacles but with proper planning and execution, legacy carriers can update their core systems and keep pace with the competition, while proactively addressing customer needs.
The Work Ahead in Utilities: Powering a Sustainable Future with DigitalCognizant
Utilities are starting to adopt digital technologies to eliminate slow processes, elevate customer experience and boost sustainability, according to our recent study.
AI in Media & Entertainment: Starting the Journey to ValueCognizant
Up to now, the global media & entertainment industry (M&E) has been lagging most other sectors in its adoption of artificial intelligence (AI). But our research shows that M&E companies are set to close the gap over the coming three years, as they ramp up their investments in AI and reap rising returns. The first steps? Getting a firm grip on data – the foundation of any successful AI strategy – and balancing technology spend with investments in AI skills.
Operations Workforce Management: A Data-Informed, Digital-First ApproachCognizant
As #WorkFromAnywhere becomes the rule rather than the exception, organizations face an important question: How can they increase their digital quotient to engage and enable a remote operations workforce to work collaboratively to deliver onclient requirements and contractual commitments?
Five Priorities for Quality Engineering When Taking Banking to the CloudCognizant
As banks move to cloud-based banking platforms for lower costs and greater agility, they must seamlessly integrate technologies and workflows while ensuring security, performance and an enhanced user experience. Here are five ways cloud-focused quality assurance helps banks maximize the benefits.
Getting Ahead With AI: How APAC Companies Replicate Success by Remaining FocusedCognizant
Changing market dynamics are propelling Asia-Pacific businesses to take a highly disciplined and focused approach to ensuring that their AI initiatives rapidly scale and quickly generate heightened business impact.
The Work Ahead in Intelligent Automation: Coping with Complexity in a Post-Pa...Cognizant
Intelligent automation continues to be a top driver of the future of work, according to our recent study. To reap the full advantages, businesses need to move from isolated to widespread deployment.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.ViralQR
Welcome to ViralQR, your best QR code generator available on the market!
At ViralQR, we design static and dynamic QR codes. Our mission is to make business operations easier and customer engagement more powerful through the use of QR technology. Be it a small-scale business or a huge enterprise, our easy-to-use platform provides multiple choices that can be tailored according to your company's branding and marketing strategies.
Our Vision
We are here to make the process of creating QR codes easy and smooth, thus enhancing customer interaction and making business more fluid. We very strongly believe in the ability of QR codes to change the world for businesses in their interaction with customers and are set on making that technology accessible and usable far and wide.
Our Achievements
Ever since its inception, we have successfully served many clients by offering QR codes in their marketing, service delivery, and collection of feedback across various industries. Our platform has been recognized for its ease of use and amazing features, which helped a business to make QR codes.
Our Services
At ViralQR, here is a comprehensive suite of services that caters to your very needs:
Static QR Codes: Create free static QR codes. These QR codes are able to store significant information such as URLs, vCards, plain text, emails and SMS, Wi-Fi credentials, and Bitcoin addresses.
Dynamic QR codes: These also have all the advanced features but are subscription-based. They can directly link to PDF files, images, micro-landing pages, social accounts, review forms, business pages, and applications. In addition, they can be branded with CTAs, frames, patterns, colors, and logos to enhance your branding.
Pricing and Packages
Additionally, there is a 14-day free offer to ViralQR, which is an exceptional opportunity for new users to take a feel of this platform. One can easily subscribe from there and experience the full dynamic of using QR codes. The subscription plans are not only meant for business; they are priced very flexibly so that literally every business could afford to benefit from our service.
Why choose us?
ViralQR will provide services for marketing, advertising, catering, retail, and the like. The QR codes can be posted on fliers, packaging, merchandise, and banners, as well as to substitute for cash and cards in a restaurant or coffee shop. With QR codes integrated into your business, improve customer engagement and streamline operations.
Comprehensive Analytics
Subscribers of ViralQR receive detailed analytics and tracking tools in light of having a view of the core values of QR code performance. Our analytics dashboard shows aggregate views and unique views, as well as detailed information about each impression, including time, device, browser, and estimated location by city and country.
So, thank you for choosing ViralQR; we have an offer of nothing but the best in terms of QR code services to meet business diversity!
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
How to De-Risk the Creation and Moderation of User-Generated Content
1. • Cognizant 20-20 Insights
How to De-Risk the Creation and
Moderation of User-Generated Content
Executive Summary adopt and leverage scalable, effective and
cost-efficient options to continue providing an
Since the inception of the Internet, Web sites have
enriched, socially-enabled user experience.
enabled easy creation and distribution of user-
generated content (UGC) to global audiences. The This white paper discusses the growth of user-
tremendous growth of UGC, following the advent generated content, the challenges of effectively
of Web 2.0, has highlighted the need for Web sites moderating UGC content and how to think through
that can more proactively alert organizations to approaching these challenges to provide the best
the existence of mal-content (i.e., bad content). long-term UGC moderation solution.
How a Web site moderates its UGC is an essential
Growth of User-Generated Content
part of its online brand identity. While some Web
sites allow an open sharing atmosphere where 4.1 million minutes of video are uploaded to
almost anything goes, others ensure that UGC YouTube everyday … six billion images per
not only meets the highest standards but also month are uploaded to Facebook … 40%
reflects positively on the brand. The persona of a of images and 80% of videos [created] are
Web site is reflected in its approach to and consis- inappropriate for business.” 1
tency with determining which UGC is acceptable
Broadly speaking, UGC is any material piece of
vs. not acceptable. To generate traffic, some Web
content that a user creates or leverages from
sites may be very minimally moderated, often
existing sources and uploads or shares on a Web
at the expense of overall public perception. Web
site for others to view (see Figure 1). UGC comes in
sites with established, strong brands known to be
many different forms, including short-text content
family- and age-appropriate often require a more
such as tweets and forum comments; long-text
sophisticated approach toward UGC moderation.
posts on blogs and profiles; and multimedia
While the explosion in UGC poses numerous material such as images, audio, video and appli-
opportunities, it is not without risk. With the cations (see Figure 2). Such content often further
ability of individuals, groups and machines to manifests itself as targeted or non-targeted online
publish inappropriate, irrelevant or copyright- display ads, search engine results and archived
infringing materials, online companies must Web content, as well as tags, posts or hyperlinks
ensure that this content does not reflect poorly on various Web sites.
on the brand, negatively impact loyal customers
The online industry has adopted numerous
or damage the bottom line. To mitigate UGC
business models that create, capture and deliver
risks, content moderation must continuously
cognizant 20-20 insights | january 2012
2. Typical Ways Users Generate UGC
Mobile From Existing
Computers Cameras Web Cams
Devices
Mobile Content
From Existing
Computers Cameras Web Cams
Devices Content
Figure 1
Types of UGC
Short Text
Short Text Long TextText
Long Multimedia
Multimedia Other Other
• Posts
• Posts • Blogs
• Blogs • Video Video
• • User contact contact
• User
• Tweets
• Tweets • Wiki Wiki
• • Audio/podcasts
• Audio/podcasts and profile profile
and
• SMS/text messages
• SMS/text messages • Discussion forums/
• Discussion forums/ • ImagesImages
• • Location-based
• Location-based
• Comments/ Q&A &A • Flash-enabled check-inscheck-ins
• Comments/ Q • Flash-enabled
feedback/likes • Product/service content • Game content content
• Game
feedback/likes • Product/service content
• Chat rooms reviews • Opinion polls
• Chat rooms reviews • Opinion polls
Figure 2
business value. In recent years, the social offering subscription access to user-generated
phenomenon has become embedded within the business profiles, user-provided data and the
DNA of many online-only companies. Web sites like. The list of companies building communities
such as YouTube and Facebook rely on UGC (and around UGC to buoy their bottom line is large
the resulting visitor traffic) to and growing, much like the number of users who
attract and sell advertisements. create and consume UGC.
The list of Mobile and gaming companies
companies building provide platforms to sell third- The monetary benefits of UGC are obvious:
Content stickiness builds customer loyalty,
communities around party-created applications and sustained platform traffic that achieves critical
virtual elements and collect a
UGC to buoy their transaction fee for each sale. mass, and top-line growth for companies that are
bottom line is large able to monetize subscription services and page
Other companies, such as views via advertising or affiliate relationships.
and growing, much professional networking Web Non-monetary incentives include status-building
like the number of sites, sell access to user- with those who like and/or follow site content,
users who create created profile information. network and relationship-building with viewers
Various online retail and media and affiliated sites, and content sharing/commu-
and consume UGC. companies thrive on user nication with viewers’ colleagues and friends.
opinion, reviews and feedback
to enable social and viral marketing/selling, as well Users may also have the opportunity for financial
as an enhancement for helping business partners incentives by creating UGC for Web sites that
sell their own product and service offerings. leverage crowdsourcing as a specific approach
to content generation, which is the sourcing of
Some Web sites have been able to monetize UGC tasks (in this case, the generation of content) to
content beyond just selling advertising, such as a group or community of people. Business models
cognizant 20-20 insights 2
3. Projected Annual Growth of UGC (2011 – 2013)
Source: Cognizant research
Figure 3
and new technologies such as mobile devices and UGC and sustain viable social network interac-
cloud computing have made UGC creation and tions. Inappropriate content includes, but is not
publishing more convenient, thereby amplifying limited to, profanity, sedition, violence, bare skin,
UGC growth. Overall, UGC creation and distribu- false and outdated information, spam and other
tion have grown astronomically (see Figure 3). inappropriate content.
Need for Content Moderation Three main methods exist for Web sites to
It is crucial to ensure that only appropriate moderate content (see Figure 4):
UGC is posted on the Web site by screening and • Automated moderation, using computer appli-
filtering for mal-content. Failing to do so could cations and algorithms.
severely impact user traffic, company brand and
the bottom line. The huge growth and pervasive- • Community moderation, leveraging the online
community to self-moderate content (such as
ness of UGC within companies’ core online user
flagging or volunteer administration).
experience poses potentially complex challenges
and heightens unnecessary exposure to risk. • Human moderation, whether by a dedicated
staff or crowdsourced.
Strict policies must be set and applied to govern
content authenticity, originality, privacy, political/ Additionally, within each method, there are various
social correctness and legalities, both locally and ways to determine whether content is unaccept-
globally. Such policies should permit and promote able. In many cases — in addition to validating
Thinking Through Content Moderation
Figure 4
cognizant 20-20 insights 3
4. copyright or determining inappropriateness of may not be viable for all kinds of UGC; thus, a
UGC — content may also need to be moderated diligent analysis of the quality and cost tradeoffs
for quality, structure and relevance. must be performed. The dimension of moderation
time further complicates the analysis, as specific
Lapses in content regulation UGC-like tweets and blog posts require real-time
While real-time can result in costly lawsuits publishing to align with user expectations.
moderation appears from either original content
ideal, the associated rights-holders or offended When to moderate is not the only question. How
Web site visitors in countries to implement moderation that is scalable and
costs may not be where these laws apply. Such cost-efficient is just as important. For instance,
viable for all kinds lapses can additionally result should you be reactive or proactive (e.g., should
of UGC; thus, a in Web site traffic reduction, you conduct post-moderation for all UGC or just
loss of advertisers and sub- for the content reported on or flagged by users)?
diligent analysis of scribers, as well as a poor
the quality and cost user/buying experience that Inefficient Moderation Techniques
tradeoffs must be may severely impact future A large percentage of content moderation costs
earnings. In 2007, YouTube can be attributed to process inefficiencies.
performed. was sued for nearly $1 billion Choosing the appropriate moderation technique is
by Viacom for publishing also critical. Effective methods include automated
copyrighted material.2 Facebook has often been algorithms, such as Bayesian filtering and pattern
criticized for publishing posts and providing a detection of blacklisted words and phrases, color
platform to user groups that are politically or tone and user/location profiling. However, most
culturally sensitive.3 automated techniques do not moderate every
piece of content but only samples of it; this can
Challenges in Content Moderation lead to mal-content leakage.
There are many challenges to determining not
only the optimal content moderation strategy Consider scenarios where too few image samples
that corresponds to the Web site’s identity, brand of a video piece are taken or when the script is
and visitors but also how to put it into effect. in English but is merely a translation of another
language. In these cases, automated moderation
Cost, Time, and Quality Tradeoff is insufficient, and either human or community
Organizations must be diligent when choosing the moderation is also required. This is easier said
right mix of real-time moderation, pre-moderation than done.
and post-moderation of UGC on their Web sites,
Human moderation, although effective, can be
as well as whether or how to apply a combina-
highly inefficient if one has to continue moderating
tion of machine-automated and community- and/
the same UGC in different formats or if multiple
or human-moderated approaches. While real-time
moderators must continually track previously
moderation appears ideal, the associated costs
Cost Estimates by Content Type
Estimated
Estimated Approximate Machine Approximate Manual
Content Moderation
Average Size Moderation Cost Moderation Cost
Type Time
(per piece) (per 1,000 pieces) (per 1,000 pieces)
(per piece)
Video 6 min (100 MB) 1.7 min $2.61 $277
Audio 6 min (5 MB) 1.4 min $0.13 $230
Images 500 KB 0.4 sec $0.013 $0.70
Text 200 words (200 KB) 1 min $0.005 $167
Source: Cognizant research
Figure 5
cognizant 20-20 insights 4
5. moderated UGC. The biggest challenge with result in expanding the amount of UGC content
human moderation, however, is the lack of scal- created, thus increasing the demand for content
ability, which is an issue given UGC’s proliferation moderation even further.
and the high cost of sustaining such operations.
While the challenges involved The biggest
Figure 5 estimates the average cost of moderation, in moderating UGC are mul-
assuming a modest rate for a human moderator. tifaceted and complex to
challenge with
Depending on the moderation rules and policies navigate, it is vital to choose human moderation,
that need to be applied, the cost of certain types the right combination of however, is the lack
of moderation may be significantly higher. moderation techniques.
These combinations will be
of scalability, which
Holistic Moderation governed not just by the is an issue given
Organizations must moderate not only the dimension of accuracy but by UGC’s proliferation
content but also the users, as mal-content is often the total cost of operations,
the result of user ignorance or lack of awareness. as well as moderating time
and the high cost
Much mitigation can be achieved through user- required. of sustaining such
friendly and upfront communication of policies
The Right Content
operations.
and guidelines. Some Web sites allow the pos-
sibility of self-moderation through tagging, Moderation Approach
filtering and warnings. Ideally, the more upfront Content moderation has grown into a discipline
moderation with simple computerized checking that requires expertise in pattern detection and
and labeling, the less downstream volume and analysis. Although there are numerous software-
impact to content moderation processes after based solutions in the market, they do not address
submission. the custom needs of particular businesses. With
the right level of investment in moderating
Localization Challenges
content, Web site operators can create an optimal
Web sites may often need to serve global strategy that maximizes customer satisfac-
users across countries and locales. In order to tion while minimizing abuse and impact on the
determine the appropriateness of text-based company’s brand and reputation (see Figure 6).
UGC, moderators must be able to understand the
language in which UGC is written, as well as the With the increasing growth of UGC, as well as the
content’s localized context and intent. Further- technology, cost and scale needed to moderate it,
more, perception of the content’s inappropriate- achieving an optimal long-term solution requires
ness may change based on the acceptable norms detailed strategic planning and execution. A
of the locale in which the Web site and the owner variety of options currently exist to help Web
reside. Content that is deemed appropriate in the site operators protect and
U.S. may be perceived as highly inappropriate in optimize their investments
areas within Europe, Asia and the Middle East. In and reduce increasing Ideally, the more
certain parts of the Middle East, for instance, any moderation costs. Many orga- upfront moderation
degree of skin revealed on a woman is unaccept- nizations have outsourced with simple
able. In certain Asian countries, the color red may their content moderation
be perceived as inappropriate. Acceptable speech operations to reduce costs computerized
in different countries may also vary, especially and enable more scalable checking and labeling,
pertaining to elements of politics or religion. and predictable business the less downstream
outcomes. Others have
Likewise, perception may even vary in demo- implemented both custom volume and impact to
graphic groups within a single geography. In a and standardized technology content moderation
growing number of cases, the requirements for options to replace existing processes after
content moderation are starting to become more technology or to cut devel-
“hyper-localized” to focus on UGC from specific opment and maintenance submission.
regions or populations, thereby mandating the expenses.
need to create separate rules and guidelines for
each locale or user group. The personalization Some companies have also experimented with
and relevance of more hyper-localized Web sites content moderation crowdsourcing solutions
and content will not only increase the demand for to replace human moderation, with mixed
hyper-localized content moderation but will also success. While seemingly leveraging an unlimited
cognizant 20-20 insights 5
6. Content Moderation Decision Framework
Max
Number of Desired
reactive abuses Strategy
Customer satisfaction
Cost of
cleaning UGC
Min
Figure 6 Content Moderation Strategy
number of resources at minimal cost may seem management. However, finding the right content
ideal, crowdsourcing to date still produces poor moderation solution could be a difficult endeavor
moderation quality. Other Web sites have gone without solid strategic advice and a well-thought-
purely with community moderation to reduce out approach, leveraging industry best practices
costs, but this also may produce mixed results, as customized for specific needs, as well as a clear
the moderation of UGC can become overwhelm- understanding of the objectives and ecosystem of
ing even for members. your Web site.
Thus, many solutions are available for content
moderation and evaluation, implementation and
Footnotes
1
Quotes from Digitalrecognition.net and various sources, Nov. 15, 2011.
2
Anne Broache and Greg Sandoval, “Viacom Sues Google over YouTube Clips,” C-NET, March 13, 2007.
http://news.cnet.com/Viacom-sues-Google-over-YouTube-clips/2100-1030_3-6166668.
html?tag=mncol;txt
3
“Criticism of Facebook,” Wikipedia, Nov. 1, 2011. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Facebook
cognizant 20-20 insights 6