The document elaborates on the definition and functions of social groups, indicating that they are collections of individuals who influence one another. It categorizes social groups by structure, size, identification, contact, and relation, providing examples of each type. Additionally, it outlines the roles of formal and informal groups, as well as the impact of social norms and decision-making within these groups.

1. SOCIAL GROUP

2. DEFINITION
• The term social group consists of two terms i.e. social and group. Ordinarily by social
group we mean a collection of human beings.
• According to Ogburn and Nimkoff:
“Whenever two or more individuals come together and influence one another, they
may be said to constitute a social group”.

3. CON…….
• According to A.W. Green:
“A group is an aggregate of individuals which persists in time, which has one or
more interests and activities in common which is organized”.
• According to Aristotle:
“Man is by nature a social animal”

4. FUNCTION OF SOCIAL GROUP
 Defining boundaries:
social groups are defined and separated by boundaries.
 Setting goals:
Goal setting involves establishing specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-
targeted (S.M.A.R.T. ) goals.
 Assign tasks:
Each member of the group is assigned a task and perform in time which they set in group.

5.  Social Structures.
The structure of formal social groups are defined and often have rules and regulations.
 Social norms
The social norms are the accepted standards of behavior of social groups.
 Decision-making
in formal situation students able to the selection of a course of action among several
alternative scenarios.

6. TYPES OF SOCIAL GROUP
Social groups divided on several basis ;
• Structure
• Size
• Identification
• Contact
• Relation

7. Structure
Formal
group
Informal
group
Voluntary Coercive
Utilitaria
n
STRUCTURE OF GROUP

8. 1) Formal group:
• which are set some rules, regulation , polices , schedule
e.g. formal institution , organization
i. Voluntary group
• person join and withdraw the group their own choice
e.g. company , organization.

9. ii. Coercive group
• person join the group for their own benefits
• Person either elected or nominated by some power
• e.g. parliament
iii. Utilitarian group
• Also called as involuntary group
• Doesn’t depend upon the person’s choice
• People join it to achieve their own goals
• e.g. our family race, caste

10. 2) Informal group
• Group join the group for fun and involve no rules and regulation
• Help keep people good social health and welfare
• e.g. passengers in bus.

11. SIZE OF GROUP
Size
Dyad Triad Tetriad Pentad

12. i. Dyad
Contain two persons in the group. Establishes one relationship
ii. Triad
Contain three persons in the group. Establishes 3 relations
iii. Tetriad
Contain 4 persons in group. Establishes 6 relations
iv. Pentad
Contain 5 persons in group. Establishes 10 relations

13. IDENTIFICATION OF GROUP
Identification
Ingroup Outgroup
Reference
group

14. 1) Ingroup
Strong identification and loyalty with members of their own group
e.g. family , college , religion.
2) Outgroup
The group to which the people feel they don’t belong
e.g. We are Muslims and they are Christian.

15. 3) Reference group:
• a group that people compare themselves their own behavior ,attitude, ideas
• it provides a standard of measurement
• E.g. adults pay attention to what their peers wear, play

16. CONTACT OF GROUP
Contact
Primary Secondary

17. 1) Primary group
• is include where we born and develop strong relationship
• i.e. Personal relationship last longer
• Small group
• e.g. Family
2) Secondary group
• Formal and impersonal relation
• Option of membership and few time
• Large group
• e.g. organization, political parties

18. RELATION OF GROUP
Relation
Un-social Pseudo
Anti
social
Pro-
social

19. 1) Un social group:
• that group of people do not participate in the society
• people with adjust problems and remain aloof
• e.g. Murder, drug addicts etc.
2) Pseudo – social group
• that group of interested in their own profit or benefit
• do not care the interest of others
• e.g. politicians

20. 3) Anti – social group
• that group of people that acts against the interest of society
• Destroy peace and spread fear , aggression in the society
• e.g. Terrorist, criminals.
4) pro- social group
• reverse of anti social group
• That group of people work for the betterment and
• prosperity of the society
• e.g. Edhi , non profit organization.