This document summarizes several key concepts related to conformity, deviance, and theories of deviance. It discusses conformity as behaving according to social norms and deviance as violating norms. It then outlines several theories of deviance, including Merton's strain theory, which links deviance to a gap between cultural goals and legitimate means to achieve them. Labeling theory holds that deviance results from being labeled as such rather than inherent acts. Social control theory suggests people conform due to social attachments. The document also discusses concepts like human rights and dignity.

1. Conformity and
Deviance

2. Conformity
• behavior in accordance with socially accepted
conventions or standards
• The anticipated behavior to follow.
• is the desire to go along with the norms of a
group of people, so you will be accepted as an
in-group person (and not rejected as an out-
group undesirable person).

3. Deviance
• departing from usual
or accepted
standards, especially
in social or sexual
behavior.
• A behavior that
violates expected
rules and norms

4. Variety of Deviance
“What is deviant to one group may not be
considered deviant to another.”

5. 1. The study of why people violates laws
or norms
2. The study of how society reacts to this
violations

6. • was an Italian
criminologist and
physician, founder
of the Italian
School of
Positivist
Criminology, often
referred to as the
father of
criminology

7. • Theory of anthropological
criminology essentially stated that
criminality was inherited, and that
someone "born criminal" could be
identified by physical (congenital)
defects, which confirmed a criminal
as savage or atavistic.

8. criminals had :
• less sensibility to pain and touch;
• more acute sight;
• a lack of moral sense, including an
absence of remorse;
• more vanity,
• impulsiveness,
• vindictiveness, and cruelty; and other
manifestations, such as a special
criminal argot and the excessive use of
tattooing.

11. Deviance and the Social
Paradigms Basic
Assumptions
Basis of
Interpretation
Structural
Functionalism
Deviance
promotes
unity, serves
as a moral
compass, and
provides
opportunities
where there
are none.
Deviance
performs
important
functions in
the overall
operations of
society

12. Paradigms Basic
Assumptions
Basis of
Interpretation
Historical
Conflict
Deviance is a
result of
unequal
distribution of
social
desirables and
life chances.
Is a form of
civic action. It
aims to rectify
the unfair and
unjust
syndromes of
social
inequality.

13. Paradigms Basic
Assumptions
Basis of
Interpretation
Critical
Interpretivi
sm
Is a result of the
exercise of
power. Symbols
and ideas are
manipulated by
powerful people
in the society in
order to protect
their economic
and political
interest
We are helping
these entities
maintain their
privileged
positions in
society

14. Theoretical Interpretations of
Deviance

15. Structural Strain Theory
• Offered a “side-by-
side” formulation of
conformity and
deviance.
• He developed the
structural strain theory
Robert
Merton

16. • Strain refers to the discrepancies
between culturally defined goals and the
institutionalized means available to
achieve these goals.

17. • This theory traces the origins of
deviance to the tensions that are
caused by the gap between cultural
goals and the means people have
available to achieve those goals

18. • Culture- establishes goals for people
• Social structure-provides (or fails to
provide) the means for the people to
achieve those goals.

23. CONFORMISTS
• a person who conforms to accepted behavior
or established practices.

24. RITUALIST
• A person who do not believe in the
established cultural goals of society,
but they do believe in and abide by the
means for attaining those goals.

25. INNOVATORS
• Are those individuals that accept the
cultural goals of society but reject the
conventional methods of attaining those
goals

26. RETREATISTS
• Who reject both the cultural goals and
the accepted means of attaining those
goals

27. REBELS
• They are not only reject both the
established cultural goals and the
accepted means of attaining those goals
• They substitute new goals and new
means of attaining these goals

28. Labeling Theory

29. • explains why people's behavior clashes
with social norms.
• holds that deviance is not inherent to an
act, but instead focuses on the tendency
of majorities to negatively label minorities
or those seen as deviant from standard
cultural norms.

30. • Labeling theory holds that deviance is not
inherent to an act, but instead the result of
the externally-imposed label of "deviant".
• Labeling theory takes the view that
people become criminals when labeled as
such and when they accept the label as a
personal identity.

32. Social Control Theory

34. -developed by Travis Hirschi
-according to this theory, people care about
what others think of them and conform to
social expectations because their
attachments to others and what others
expect of them

35. • -this theory also suggests that most
people probably feel some impulse
towards deviant behavior at some time,
but their attachment to social norms
prevents them from actually participating
in deviant behavior.

36. Social Control and Deviance

38. “effective socialization makes conformity an
internally driven motivation, while
externally driven conformity always
engages the mechanisms of social control”

40. Refers to the idea that a person has the
innate right to be valued, respected,
and treated well.

41. Are legal, social, and ethical principles that
consider the human person asdeserving
of liberties and protection by virtue of his
or her human being

42. Are founded on natural rights,
which are universal and
inalienable, and are not
contingent on laws, customs,
beliefs, or values of a particular
culture.

45. The pursuance of the common good should
not be a cause for the violation of rights of
individual…