1. CLIMATE CHANGE EXTREMES: INCREASING FOREST FIRES AND HURRICANES
2. CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENCE:
CO2 from fossil fuel burning is warming our Earth via the Greenhouse effect
3. WHAT WE CAN DO IMMEDIATELY:
A more vegetarian diet.
Climate, Carbon, and "Ground of All Being"Paul H. Carr
- Increasing CO2 levels from fossil fuels are causing global warming through the greenhouse effect. Paul Tillich prophesied in 1962 about the risks of "man-made floods", which are now occurring. Solutions proposed include more advanced nuclear fission reactors, a plant-rich diet to reduce agriculture emissions, and a carbon fee & dividend system.
What is climate change doing to us and for us?Paul H. Carr
What are we doing to our climate? Emissions from fossil fuel burning have raised carbon dioxide concentrations 35% higher than in the last millions of years. This increase is warming our planet via the Greenhouse Effect. What is climate change doing to and for us? Dry regions are drier and wet ones wetter. Wildfires have increased threefold, hurricanes more violent, floods setting record heights, glaciers melting, and seas rising. Parts of Earth are increasingly uninhabitable. Climate change requires us to act as a global community. Climate justice enjoins emitters to pay the social-environmental costs of fossil fuel burning. This would expedite green solar, wind, and next-generation nuclear energy sources. Individuals should conserve resources, waste less food, and eat a plant rich diet.
1) Global warming is occurring due to increased greenhouse gas emissions from human activities like burning fossil fuels.
2) If warming continues unchecked, it will lead to rising sea levels that will submerge cities like Mumbai, more extreme weather, water shortages and agricultural losses.
3) Simple actions like using energy efficient appliances, recycling and reducing driving can help limit greenhouse gases and mitigate the effects of climate change.
Global warming is caused by human emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane. The evidence of global warming includes rising surface temperatures, extreme weather events, and melting glaciers and sea ice. If emissions are not reduced, global warming will have severe consequences like rising sea levels, worsening droughts and floods, and disrupted ecosystems. Individuals and governments need to take action by reducing emissions through changes like using renewable energy and fuel-efficient vehicles.
Examines the claims that climate change is very serious, and checks the available records to determine whether the main blame is increased carbon dioxide or heat emissions. Climate records show no trends to extremes, and loss of Arctic ice may be counteracted by increased growth of northern forests.
Climate change, global warming and kyoto protocol, iraq ratification statusAhmed Al-Ani
This document discusses climate change and global warming. It defines key terms like the greenhouse effect and global warming. It summarizes reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change that show human activities have increased greenhouse gas emissions and caused the planet to warm. As a result, sea levels are rising and temperatures are increasing globally. The document also outlines international agreements like the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol that aim to reduce greenhouse gases to limit global temperature rise.
The document summarizes information about global warming, including its causes and potential solutions. It states that global warming is an increase in average temperatures since the mid-20th century, primarily due to human activities like burning fossil fuels. It then discusses temperature changes over time and identifies natural causes like methane release as well as man-made causes like pollution from fossil fuel burning. The effects mentioned include melting ice worldwide. Finally, it provides a list of seven simple solutions individuals can take, such as using CFL bulbs and recycling, to help address global warming.
Climate, Carbon, and "Ground of All Being"Paul H. Carr
- Increasing CO2 levels from fossil fuels are causing global warming through the greenhouse effect. Paul Tillich prophesied in 1962 about the risks of "man-made floods", which are now occurring. Solutions proposed include more advanced nuclear fission reactors, a plant-rich diet to reduce agriculture emissions, and a carbon fee & dividend system.
What is climate change doing to us and for us?Paul H. Carr
What are we doing to our climate? Emissions from fossil fuel burning have raised carbon dioxide concentrations 35% higher than in the last millions of years. This increase is warming our planet via the Greenhouse Effect. What is climate change doing to and for us? Dry regions are drier and wet ones wetter. Wildfires have increased threefold, hurricanes more violent, floods setting record heights, glaciers melting, and seas rising. Parts of Earth are increasingly uninhabitable. Climate change requires us to act as a global community. Climate justice enjoins emitters to pay the social-environmental costs of fossil fuel burning. This would expedite green solar, wind, and next-generation nuclear energy sources. Individuals should conserve resources, waste less food, and eat a plant rich diet.
1) Global warming is occurring due to increased greenhouse gas emissions from human activities like burning fossil fuels.
2) If warming continues unchecked, it will lead to rising sea levels that will submerge cities like Mumbai, more extreme weather, water shortages and agricultural losses.
3) Simple actions like using energy efficient appliances, recycling and reducing driving can help limit greenhouse gases and mitigate the effects of climate change.
Global warming is caused by human emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane. The evidence of global warming includes rising surface temperatures, extreme weather events, and melting glaciers and sea ice. If emissions are not reduced, global warming will have severe consequences like rising sea levels, worsening droughts and floods, and disrupted ecosystems. Individuals and governments need to take action by reducing emissions through changes like using renewable energy and fuel-efficient vehicles.
Examines the claims that climate change is very serious, and checks the available records to determine whether the main blame is increased carbon dioxide or heat emissions. Climate records show no trends to extremes, and loss of Arctic ice may be counteracted by increased growth of northern forests.
Climate change, global warming and kyoto protocol, iraq ratification statusAhmed Al-Ani
This document discusses climate change and global warming. It defines key terms like the greenhouse effect and global warming. It summarizes reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change that show human activities have increased greenhouse gas emissions and caused the planet to warm. As a result, sea levels are rising and temperatures are increasing globally. The document also outlines international agreements like the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol that aim to reduce greenhouse gases to limit global temperature rise.
The document summarizes information about global warming, including its causes and potential solutions. It states that global warming is an increase in average temperatures since the mid-20th century, primarily due to human activities like burning fossil fuels. It then discusses temperature changes over time and identifies natural causes like methane release as well as man-made causes like pollution from fossil fuel burning. The effects mentioned include melting ice worldwide. Finally, it provides a list of seven simple solutions individuals can take, such as using CFL bulbs and recycling, to help address global warming.
Blake tamplin period 7 global warming projectMary Noble
Global warming is causing glaciers and ice sheets to melt rapidly, increasing sea levels and extreme weather. Burning of forests and fossil fuels emits large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, driving higher global temperatures. If warming continues unchecked, species will migrate or become endangered as polar bears have, and severe weather will intensify. Small actions like driving less, planting trees, and improving home energy efficiency can help reduce carbon emissions and mitigate the impacts of climate change.
a detailed compilation of global warming- definition, history of discovery, causes, proposed alternative causation theory, green house gases and their potential, current GHGs production rate of India, effects of Global warming, methods to prevent and international protocols applied for GHGs reduction.
Global Warming: It's Worse Than We Thoughtgowoodard
The document discusses the impacts of global warming that have been more severe than originally predicted by scientists. Key points include:
- Scientists have consistently underestimated the effects of climate change in their early estimates. Measured impacts have often exceeded original predictions.
- Effects like sea level rise and temperature increases will persist for at least 1,000 years even if carbon emissions are reduced due to feedback loops and tipping points in the climate system.
- Failure to significantly reduce carbon emissions by 2018 could lead to a 3 degree Celsius rise in average temperatures worldwide, with devastating consequences including widespread drought and desertification.
Global warming is caused by greenhouse gas pollution from unrestricted burning of fossil fuels. This is leading to rising temperatures worldwide, melting glaciers and ice caps, more extreme weather events like hurricanes and typhoons, and threats to food and water security. While some political leaders and individuals still question if global warming is real, the science clearly shows that human-caused climate change poses severe risks if left unaddressed. Urgent action is needed at both the individual and governmental levels to transition away from fossil fuels to renewable energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
This document discusses global warming and its causes, problems, and potential solutions. It begins with an introduction to global warming and its definition as an increase in average global temperatures since the late 1800s. It then covers the main causes of global warming as increased population, deforestation, and fossil fuel use. Problems caused by global warming include harm to ocean life, habitat changes, and increased weather damage. The document proposes solutions like reducing greenhouse gas emissions, transitioning away from fossil fuels to renewable energy, planting more trees, and individual actions like using less energy and driving fuel efficient vehicles. It emphasizes the need to take action on global warming to protect the Earth.
This document discusses the causes and impacts of global warming. It identifies the main causes as the burning of fossil fuels for power, transportation, and industrial processes, as well as emissions of greenhouse gases from agriculture, forestry, land use, and waste management. Some of the impacts mentioned include rising sea levels at a rate of 1-2 mm per year over the past century, threats to polar animals from loss of ice, and the non-uniform nature of global warming. The document calls for measures to control the problem of global warming and encourages environmentally friendly behavior.
This document summarizes key points from a course on climate change:
1. We are already experiencing impacts from 0.6-0.8°C of warming and have at least another 0.6-0.8°C committed due to past emissions.
2. Continuing at current emission rates would take us to 450ppm CO2 by 2035, a potential "tipping point" for climate change and ecosystems.
3. Warming of 2°C may be too much and could lead to further warming from feedbacks like melting ice sheets and methane release potentially taking us to 3°C.
This document discusses the threats posed by climate change and outlines the scientific consensus on its causes and impacts. It summarizes that greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere and are causing global temperatures to rise. This is disrupting climate patterns and causing more extreme weather, rising sea levels, and other problems. While some steps are being taken, the document warns that bolder actions are needed immediately to transition away from fossil fuels and reduce emissions by 70% by 2050 in order to avoid catastrophic climate change impacts. It analyzes the major contributors to the problem and some solutions California is pursuing.
Global warming is being caused by high concentrations of greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels, with current concentrations about 380 parts per million. Globally, temperatures have already risen over 1 degree Fahrenheit and the effects of climate change are happening now, affecting wildlife like caribou, arctic foxes, polar bears, and penguins. Signs of climate change are visible with melting ice worldwide, rising sea levels, increased precipitation, and disappearing glaciers. The choices made today will determine future climate conditions.
Global warming is causing sea levels to rise due to thermal expansion of the oceans, which will result in cities like skyscrapers and subways being underwater in the future. Melting ice caps are also contributing to rising sea levels and the destruction of existing infrastructure and records. Increased temperatures are killing marine life and increasing the frequency of extreme weather events like floods and droughts. While the Earth's climate has naturally fluctuated in the past, the current rising temperatures are unusually fast and largely due to human activities like burning fossil fuels, which release greenhouse gases and trap heat in the atmosphere. Urgent action is needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption to mitigate the effects of global warming.
This document discusses scenarios for global carbon emissions and climate change mitigation over the next 100 years. It begins with background on historical emissions and projections for peak production of oil, gas, and coal. Unmitigated emissions would result in a doubling of atmospheric CO2 levels by 2100. Implementing stabilization "wedges" through strategies like renewable energy and efficiency could significantly reduce emissions. Modeling shows that applying 3 wedges cuts coal emissions to zero by 2100 and keeps atmospheric CO2 increases lower.
The document discusses the greenhouse effect and how it leads to warming of the Earth. It explains that greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere and have increased due to human emissions. Data from ice cores shows a clear correlation between CO2 levels, temperature, and sea level rise over hundreds of thousands of years. While CO2 levels have increased about 40% since the industrial revolution, emissions continue to rise rapidly and could lead to over 2 degrees Celsius of warming with serious consequences if left unchecked.
Global Warming atau Efek Pemanasan Global merupakan suatu gejala alam yang dapat menimbulkan bencana pada alam,akibat adanya efek rumah kaca, yaitu suatu efek penerapan panas yang mana sebagian panas yang diserap oleh bagian selimut atmosfir yang tidak dikeluarkan lagi atau tetap berada pada selimut atmosfir dan dapat memanaskan suhu bumi secara berangsur-angsur yang dapat menimbulkan mencairnya es di kutub, sehingga sebagian pulau atau daratan dapat terendam air pada suatu saat.
1) Climate change consequences like storms, droughts and heat waves are already occurring at just 0.8°C of warming.
2) Carbon dioxide levels are on a trajectory to hit 450 ppm by 2030-2035, committing us to around 2°C of warming and severe ocean acidification.
3) Amplifying feedbacks like ice sheet melting, methane releases and reduced Arctic albedo could push warming above 2°C to 3°C or more, levels that may have uncontrollable impacts on the biosphere.
Thomas and Nicolas: the greenhouse effectsysraphael
The greenhouse effect occurs when greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere trap heat from the sun, warming the planet. Without this natural greenhouse effect, Earth would be too cold to support life. However, human activities like burning fossil fuels have increased greenhouse gas levels, enhancing the greenhouse effect and leading to climate change. If emissions continue unabated, the planet could warm by 5 degrees Celsius, sea levels could rise a meter, and coastal cities may be flooded as polar ice caps melt, displacing millions of people. Collective action is needed to transition to renewable energy and reduce emissions in order to curb climate change impacts.
Global warming is defined as an increase in the Earth's temperatures due to increased greenhouse gases from human activities like pollution, deforestation and fossil fuel use. Historical records show the Earth has warmed in recent decades. Effects of warming include rising sea levels and impacts on agriculture, tourism and human health. Economic impacts are also predicted, such as losses to GDP and declines in agricultural output. Solutions involve reducing carbon emissions through renewable energy and more sustainable practices in areas like transportation and consumer goods. Predictions for 2100 include a warmer world supporting a larger population with moderate fossil fuel dependence.
A Forthright Discussion on Climate ChangeNiel Dunnage
This document provides an analysis of climate change targets and policies. It makes the following key points:
1. The 1.5°C global temperature target has no basis in science, and the safe temperature rise can be no more than 0.5°C above pre-industrial levels.
2. We are not on track to limit warming to 2°C, let alone 1.5°C, as CO2 emissions continue rising and feedback loops are amplifying temperature increases.
3. Based on impacts already occurring at 1°C of warming, limiting warming to 0.5°C is needed to meet the objectives of preventing dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.
Climate Change Extremes: Hurricane Extremes.pptxPaul H Carr
1. CLIMATE CHANGE EXTREMES: MORE INTENSE HURRICANES & FOREST FIRES
2. CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENCE:
Global warming amplifies hurricane impacts.
CO2 from fossil fuel burning is warming our Earth via the Greenhouse effect
3. WHAT WE CAN DO IMMEDIATELY:
A more vegetarian diet.
Blake tamplin period 7 global warming projectMary Noble
Global warming is causing glaciers and ice sheets to melt rapidly, increasing sea levels and extreme weather. Burning of forests and fossil fuels emits large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, driving higher global temperatures. If warming continues unchecked, species will migrate or become endangered as polar bears have, and severe weather will intensify. Small actions like driving less, planting trees, and improving home energy efficiency can help reduce carbon emissions and mitigate the impacts of climate change.
a detailed compilation of global warming- definition, history of discovery, causes, proposed alternative causation theory, green house gases and their potential, current GHGs production rate of India, effects of Global warming, methods to prevent and international protocols applied for GHGs reduction.
Global Warming: It's Worse Than We Thoughtgowoodard
The document discusses the impacts of global warming that have been more severe than originally predicted by scientists. Key points include:
- Scientists have consistently underestimated the effects of climate change in their early estimates. Measured impacts have often exceeded original predictions.
- Effects like sea level rise and temperature increases will persist for at least 1,000 years even if carbon emissions are reduced due to feedback loops and tipping points in the climate system.
- Failure to significantly reduce carbon emissions by 2018 could lead to a 3 degree Celsius rise in average temperatures worldwide, with devastating consequences including widespread drought and desertification.
Global warming is caused by greenhouse gas pollution from unrestricted burning of fossil fuels. This is leading to rising temperatures worldwide, melting glaciers and ice caps, more extreme weather events like hurricanes and typhoons, and threats to food and water security. While some political leaders and individuals still question if global warming is real, the science clearly shows that human-caused climate change poses severe risks if left unaddressed. Urgent action is needed at both the individual and governmental levels to transition away from fossil fuels to renewable energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
This document discusses global warming and its causes, problems, and potential solutions. It begins with an introduction to global warming and its definition as an increase in average global temperatures since the late 1800s. It then covers the main causes of global warming as increased population, deforestation, and fossil fuel use. Problems caused by global warming include harm to ocean life, habitat changes, and increased weather damage. The document proposes solutions like reducing greenhouse gas emissions, transitioning away from fossil fuels to renewable energy, planting more trees, and individual actions like using less energy and driving fuel efficient vehicles. It emphasizes the need to take action on global warming to protect the Earth.
This document discusses the causes and impacts of global warming. It identifies the main causes as the burning of fossil fuels for power, transportation, and industrial processes, as well as emissions of greenhouse gases from agriculture, forestry, land use, and waste management. Some of the impacts mentioned include rising sea levels at a rate of 1-2 mm per year over the past century, threats to polar animals from loss of ice, and the non-uniform nature of global warming. The document calls for measures to control the problem of global warming and encourages environmentally friendly behavior.
This document summarizes key points from a course on climate change:
1. We are already experiencing impacts from 0.6-0.8°C of warming and have at least another 0.6-0.8°C committed due to past emissions.
2. Continuing at current emission rates would take us to 450ppm CO2 by 2035, a potential "tipping point" for climate change and ecosystems.
3. Warming of 2°C may be too much and could lead to further warming from feedbacks like melting ice sheets and methane release potentially taking us to 3°C.
This document discusses the threats posed by climate change and outlines the scientific consensus on its causes and impacts. It summarizes that greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere and are causing global temperatures to rise. This is disrupting climate patterns and causing more extreme weather, rising sea levels, and other problems. While some steps are being taken, the document warns that bolder actions are needed immediately to transition away from fossil fuels and reduce emissions by 70% by 2050 in order to avoid catastrophic climate change impacts. It analyzes the major contributors to the problem and some solutions California is pursuing.
Global warming is being caused by high concentrations of greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels, with current concentrations about 380 parts per million. Globally, temperatures have already risen over 1 degree Fahrenheit and the effects of climate change are happening now, affecting wildlife like caribou, arctic foxes, polar bears, and penguins. Signs of climate change are visible with melting ice worldwide, rising sea levels, increased precipitation, and disappearing glaciers. The choices made today will determine future climate conditions.
Global warming is causing sea levels to rise due to thermal expansion of the oceans, which will result in cities like skyscrapers and subways being underwater in the future. Melting ice caps are also contributing to rising sea levels and the destruction of existing infrastructure and records. Increased temperatures are killing marine life and increasing the frequency of extreme weather events like floods and droughts. While the Earth's climate has naturally fluctuated in the past, the current rising temperatures are unusually fast and largely due to human activities like burning fossil fuels, which release greenhouse gases and trap heat in the atmosphere. Urgent action is needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption to mitigate the effects of global warming.
This document discusses scenarios for global carbon emissions and climate change mitigation over the next 100 years. It begins with background on historical emissions and projections for peak production of oil, gas, and coal. Unmitigated emissions would result in a doubling of atmospheric CO2 levels by 2100. Implementing stabilization "wedges" through strategies like renewable energy and efficiency could significantly reduce emissions. Modeling shows that applying 3 wedges cuts coal emissions to zero by 2100 and keeps atmospheric CO2 increases lower.
The document discusses the greenhouse effect and how it leads to warming of the Earth. It explains that greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere and have increased due to human emissions. Data from ice cores shows a clear correlation between CO2 levels, temperature, and sea level rise over hundreds of thousands of years. While CO2 levels have increased about 40% since the industrial revolution, emissions continue to rise rapidly and could lead to over 2 degrees Celsius of warming with serious consequences if left unchecked.
Global Warming atau Efek Pemanasan Global merupakan suatu gejala alam yang dapat menimbulkan bencana pada alam,akibat adanya efek rumah kaca, yaitu suatu efek penerapan panas yang mana sebagian panas yang diserap oleh bagian selimut atmosfir yang tidak dikeluarkan lagi atau tetap berada pada selimut atmosfir dan dapat memanaskan suhu bumi secara berangsur-angsur yang dapat menimbulkan mencairnya es di kutub, sehingga sebagian pulau atau daratan dapat terendam air pada suatu saat.
1) Climate change consequences like storms, droughts and heat waves are already occurring at just 0.8°C of warming.
2) Carbon dioxide levels are on a trajectory to hit 450 ppm by 2030-2035, committing us to around 2°C of warming and severe ocean acidification.
3) Amplifying feedbacks like ice sheet melting, methane releases and reduced Arctic albedo could push warming above 2°C to 3°C or more, levels that may have uncontrollable impacts on the biosphere.
Thomas and Nicolas: the greenhouse effectsysraphael
The greenhouse effect occurs when greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere trap heat from the sun, warming the planet. Without this natural greenhouse effect, Earth would be too cold to support life. However, human activities like burning fossil fuels have increased greenhouse gas levels, enhancing the greenhouse effect and leading to climate change. If emissions continue unabated, the planet could warm by 5 degrees Celsius, sea levels could rise a meter, and coastal cities may be flooded as polar ice caps melt, displacing millions of people. Collective action is needed to transition to renewable energy and reduce emissions in order to curb climate change impacts.
Global warming is defined as an increase in the Earth's temperatures due to increased greenhouse gases from human activities like pollution, deforestation and fossil fuel use. Historical records show the Earth has warmed in recent decades. Effects of warming include rising sea levels and impacts on agriculture, tourism and human health. Economic impacts are also predicted, such as losses to GDP and declines in agricultural output. Solutions involve reducing carbon emissions through renewable energy and more sustainable practices in areas like transportation and consumer goods. Predictions for 2100 include a warmer world supporting a larger population with moderate fossil fuel dependence.
A Forthright Discussion on Climate ChangeNiel Dunnage
This document provides an analysis of climate change targets and policies. It makes the following key points:
1. The 1.5°C global temperature target has no basis in science, and the safe temperature rise can be no more than 0.5°C above pre-industrial levels.
2. We are not on track to limit warming to 2°C, let alone 1.5°C, as CO2 emissions continue rising and feedback loops are amplifying temperature increases.
3. Based on impacts already occurring at 1°C of warming, limiting warming to 0.5°C is needed to meet the objectives of preventing dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.
Climate Change Extremes: Hurricane Extremes.pptxPaul H Carr
1. CLIMATE CHANGE EXTREMES: MORE INTENSE HURRICANES & FOREST FIRES
2. CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENCE:
Global warming amplifies hurricane impacts.
CO2 from fossil fuel burning is warming our Earth via the Greenhouse effect
3. WHAT WE CAN DO IMMEDIATELY:
A more vegetarian diet.
The document discusses several key points regarding climate change and global warming:
1. The Kyoto Protocol on emissions cuts overcame hurdles and went into effect in 2004 with Russia's support, though the US rejected it.
2. Subsequent studies and reports found the world is the warmest in 12,000 years due to rapid warming, and record temperatures were being seen in parts of the US.
3. There is evidence that human activities are contributing to increased greenhouse gases and global warming, though some debate remains around impacts and solutions.
What are we doing to our climate? What is it doing to us? What can we do?Paul H. Carr
OVERVIEW
I will be introducing you to ECONOMIC, ECOLOGICAL, and TECHNOLOGICAL ISSUES.
¥ Climate change is an unintended consequence of carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels.
¥ By pricing in the social and environmental cost of these emissions, we can expedite their reduction. Let’s harness profit greed towards green technology development.
¥ The environmental challenge is to balance the beauty and sacredness of nature with its utility.
ABSTRACT
What are we doing to our climate? The scientific consensus. Tides and temperatures are rising. Since the beginning of the industrial age, emissions from fossil fuel burning have raised carbon dioxide concentrations to 410 ppm. This is 33% higher than in the last million years. This increase is warming our planet via the Greenhouse Effect. At the present rate of carbon dioxide increase, we will reach 800 ppm by 2100. When our earth was at this concentration 40 million years ago, it was so warm that there was no ice. Sea levels were about 300 feet higher than today.
What is climate change doing to us? “The earth and its poor cry out, and we must listen” Pope Francis. Dry regions are drier and wet ones wetter. Wildfires have increased threefold since 1970, storms more violent, floods setting record heights, and glaciers melting. Natural catastrophes are occurring more than twice as frequently as in 1980. Sea levels could rise as high as 18 feet by 2060. Parts of Earth are increasingly uninhabitable, resulting in millions of climate change refugees, CLIMmigration.
What can we do? Religion and science matter. Ethics trumping economics. Let’s yoke our knowledge of climate science with the motivational power of spiritual values. We need to reduce our carbon footprints. We now have the option to purchase green electric cars getting the equivalent of 100 miles per gallon and solar PV panels to lower our electric bills. We can support the Citizen’s Climate Lobby which advocates a revenue neutral carbon production fee resulting in a dividend returned to all. This would stimulate our economy creating millions of jobs and increase the deployment of green solar, wind, and nuclear energy sources. Thorium, in addition to uranium, is a green energy source for the future. Republicans are less afraid of nuclear energy than Democrats.
This document provides an overview of climate change, including its causes, effects, and what can be done to address it. It explains that climate change refers to rising global temperatures caused mainly by human emissions of greenhouse gases from activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. This is causing rising sea levels, more extreme weather, and effects on plants/animals. While addressing climate change will cost money, not doing so could be much more costly. Individual actions and government policies can both help mitigate further climate impacts.
Today, CO2 emissions from fossil fuels are around 50 per cent higher than they were 20 years ago, and have been rising each year. This kind of change to the chemical mixture in the air doesn’t come without consequences. Acting like a blanket, the build-up of greenhouse gases is the main reason why the average global temperature has risen by nearly 1°C in the last century. This booklet explains why a rise of only a few degrees in the average global temperature risks our prosperity, security, and health. It explains why it is so important to reverse the rise in emissions within the decade. And why it is still within our means to do so. For more information visit www.climateinstitute.org.au/dangerous-degrees.html
This document discusses the science behind climate change and its impacts such as rising sea levels, melting glaciers, more extreme weather, and threats to food production. It argues that CO2 levels need to be reduced from 387 parts per million to 350 ppm or lower to stabilize the climate. However, global emissions continue to rise and are accelerating climate change far faster than predicted. The document calls for a global movement to demand real action from policymakers, including transitioning away from fossil fuels to renewable energy and implementing other solutions, to reduce emissions 80% by 2050 and keep global temperature increase below dangerous levels.
Global warming is causing significant changes to the Earth's climate. Glaciers and ice sheets are melting, sea levels are rising, and extreme weather events are becoming more common. The scientific consensus is that human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, have increased greenhouse gas levels and caused most of the warming observed since the mid-20th century. As temperatures continue to rise, the impacts on the environment, plants and animals, weather patterns, and human society will intensify and become more costly. Individual actions to reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions can help address the problem.
Global Warming is one of the biggest global problem.It is affecting us and the environment day by day.
The Presesentation consists of the causes of global warming, the effects and then finally will tell you the solutions of it so that we can save the earth and the environment.
This document summarizes the causes and effects of global warming. It discusses how increased greenhouse gases from human activities like burning fossil fuels are trapping heat in the atmosphere and causing the planet to warm. This warming is increasing average temperatures and temperature extremes around the world, fueling more extreme weather like stronger hurricanes and heavier rainfall. It also discusses how global warming is melting ice sheets and glaciers, raising sea levels and threatening coastal communities. The document provides an overview of the science behind the greenhouse effect and evidence that human activity is the dominant cause of current global warming.
This document discusses global warming and the greenhouse gas effect. It begins by explaining the natural greenhouse effect, which warms the planet and makes it habitable. However, human activities like burning fossil fuels are amplifying the natural greenhouse effect and causing global warming. This is trapping extra heat in the atmosphere and raising global temperatures. Some effects of global warming include more extreme weather, rising sea levels, melting glaciers and ice sheets, and threats to ecosystems and human communities. The document provides details on the causes and sources of global warming as well as its various environmental, economic and social impacts. It emphasizes that while climate change affects everyone, the most vulnerable groups feel its consequences most severely.
This document discusses global warming and the greenhouse gas effect. It begins by explaining that the greenhouse effect occurs naturally and helps regulate the Earth's temperature, but human emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide are enhancing the effect and causing the planet to warm to dangerous levels. It then discusses the causes of global warming like burning fossil fuels, the links between warming and more extreme weather, and the various environmental and health impacts of continued warming, such as rising seas, worsening natural disasters, species extinction, and increased disease. The document emphasizes that climate change affects vulnerable groups the most.
This document discusses global warming and the greenhouse gas effect. It begins by explaining the natural greenhouse effect, which warms the planet and makes it habitable. However, human activities like burning fossil fuels are artificially increasing greenhouse gas levels and amplifying the greenhouse effect. This is causing the planet to get hotter. The document then discusses the causes and sources of global warming, how it is linked to more extreme weather, and its other effects like melting ice, rising sea levels, and impacts on ecosystems and human health. It provides data on historical temperature increases and greenhouse gas levels to support the scientific consensus that climate change poses a major threat if emissions are not reduced.
Global warming refers to the rise in average surface temperatures of the Earth due to increased greenhouse gas emissions. The average temperature of the Earth has risen about 0.6°C over the 20th century according to data. Some of the main causes of global warming include carbon dioxide emissions from electricity production, transportation, and deforestation, as well as methane emissions from agriculture. Effects of global warming include changes in climate patterns, effects on wildlife populations and ecosystems, rising sea levels, and more frequent extreme weather events.
This document discusses global warming and the greenhouse effect from Ms. Kopchick's Earth Science class. It defines the greenhouse effect and how an increase in greenhouse gases leads to global warming. It outlines the major greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide and their sources. The effects of global warming include rising sea levels, more extreme weather, habitat damage, and species extinction. The document discusses potential solutions to slow global warming like transitioning to renewable energy, reducing deforestation, and individual actions like using energy efficient appliances and compact fluorescent light bulbs.
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Global warming refers to the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system, primarily due to human activities that increase greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. The main causes of global warming are greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide emitted from burning fossil fuels, large-scale deforestation, and agriculture. As the Earth's temperature increases, sea levels are expected to rise and extreme weather events are predicted to become more frequent due to climate change. To control global warming, actions need to be taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through using public transportation, renewable energy, capturing methane, and improving energy efficiency. Unabated global warming could flood coastal cities as melting ice causes sea levels to rise by
The document discusses global warming and its causes and impacts. It summarizes that carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels are trapping heat in the atmosphere and warming the planet. This is causing rising temperatures, more extreme weather, sea level rise, and other environmental changes that are damaging to human society and natural ecosystems. The document advocates for solutions like transitioning to renewable energy and green building practices to mitigate the problem.
1.“Limits To Growth”published in 1972. *Has sold 10 million copies
*In 2012, predictions were shown to be accurate & updated.
2. 2011 UN IPCC Report predicts hurricanes & weather extremes will increase from global warming.
3. Can we deploy new technologies in time?
4. Re-envisioning Beauty to Save our Planet.
The document discusses global warming and its causes. It explains that global warming is driven by greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane that are emitted through human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the atmosphere and cause the planet to warm up. If warming continues, it could lead to problems like rising sea levels from melting ice and glaciers, more extreme weather events, and species extinction as animals struggle to adapt to the changing climate. The document outlines the scientific consensus that human greenhouse gas emissions pose serious risks and that actions are needed to reduce their release into the atmosphere.
Similar to Climate Change Extremes: Increasing Wildfires & Hurricanes (20)
COVID's Impact on Inflation and Income EqualityPaul H. Carr
Will inflation from the COVID recovery be permanent?
What does the Federal Reserve Predict?
Has the COVID recovery increased income equality?
Why do job openings now outnumber job seekers?
Wage Serfs: Principles & Politics Trumping PeoplePaul H. Carr
Presented at Thoreau Society Annual Gathering
Higher taxes in Europe result in more income equality than in the US.
Invisible hand of Adam Smith's economics versus the Tragedy of the Commons
Golden Rule of Economics: Those who have the gold make the rules.
Overcoming Limitations of "Naturalism Without Religion"Paul H. Carr
Tillich’s existential and Whitehead’s process theologies overcome the limitations of “naturalism without religion.”
Tillich, Wildman, Whitehead, and Bracken update the Bible’s promise of eternal life as well as the meaning and goal of history. Tillich’s description of religion as the Dimension of Depth resonates with Goodenough’s "Sacred Depths of Nature."
For Whitehead, the goal of the Universe is the production of beauty.
“The thirst for beauty that permeates our lives is an opening to transcendence,” according to theologian Philip Hefner.
GREEN ENERGY’S ECONOMIC PROGRESS
Reducing carbon missions by 51% in 2030
-Environmental, social, and governance funds have more than tripled to reach $2 Trillion.
-Three new “Mean Green” board members are forcing Exxon to clean up its act.
-GM is betting big on batteries for electric vehicles with a new $2.3 billion plant in Ohio.
-Advances in electric vehicles and next-generation nuclear reactors are helping the US achieve its goal of reducing carbon emissions to net zero by 2050.
ACHIEVE NET ZERO CO2 BY 2050 or an Economic Depression
ECONOMICS (GDP)
- Increasing climate extremes cost $390 billion in 2020.
- Present trends indicate a 10%-GDP-decrease depression
-Carbon Fee Plus Dividend solution
NON-CARBON EMITTING TECHNOLOGIES:
Electric Vehicles (EVs) charged by
Next generation nuclear reactors
Greener Power for More Electric VehiclesPaul H. Carr
GREENER POWER FOR THE INCREASING NUMBER OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES (EV)
by Paul H. Carr
Charge EVs at Night
- Electricity demand from 12 PM to 6 AM is very low.
Install PV charging stations for daytime charging.
More electricity by using the waste heat of present generators.
-Coal, nuclear 32% efficient
- Natural gas turbines 44% efficient
Replace carbon emitting coal and gas with nuclear.
Post-COVID Economic Challenges: Unemployment, Increasing Inflation & National...Paul H. Carr
Post-COVID Economic Challenges: Unemployment, Income inequality, Increasing Inflation, & National Debt.
Paul H Carr summarized a webinar by the following: Eric Rosengren, President and CEO, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston; Wendy Edelberg, Brookings Institution, and Philip Swagel, Director, Congressional Budget Office. Would less inflationary and debt increasing relief act have been better than President Biden’s $1.9 Trillion bill?
A Newer, Millennial Testament of the Continuing Creation since 100 CE.Paul H. Carr
A NEWER, MILLENNIAL TESTAMENT of the Continuing Creation since 100 CE."
The Old Testament was from about 1500 BCE to 0. The New Testament was added and completed in 100 CE.
Let's add a Newer (Millennial) Testament of the 1900-year-increase in knowledge, wisdom, and truth to the New Testament:
newer science, poetry (Psalms), and literature. The universe is still awakening and we are called to be co-creators in the continuing creation. A Newer Testament , which updates the Bible's flat earth cosmology, would help in correcting the misinformation in the popular Creation Museum in Kentucky.
Quantum Mechanics: Electrons, Transistors, & LASERS. Paul H. Carr
Quantum Mechanics, QM, has enabled new technologies that impact our daily lives. Yet, there have been at least 14 different QM interpretations in the last century. “If you think you understand QM, you don’t,” said Richard Feynman. Our macroscopic language is inadequate to describe the wave-particle duality of microscopic QM particles. Mathematics works better. This talk illuminated the production of the play Copenhagen, in which German physicist Werner Heisenberg, who directed the German attempt to make an atom bomb, visited Niels Bohr in Denmark during WWII.
A NEWER TESTAMENT of Continuous Creation since 100 CEPaul H. Carr
Old Testament 1500 BCE to 0.
New Testament 0 to 100 CE. A total of 1600 yr.
1900 years since the Bible was completed in 100 CE.
Let’s add a Newer Testament of the 1900-year-increase in knowledge, wisdom, & truth to the “New Testament.”
-Newer Science, Cosmology’s Century
-New Poetry (Psalms)
-Hymns
-Literature & Theology
An awakening universe with increasing globalization.
NEW HOT-to-COOL COSMOLOGY: Amazing Progress Yet Greater QuestionsPaul H. Carr
This document summarizes the progression of cosmological theories from astrology to the modern precision cosmology of the hot big bang model. It describes key developments like Lemaitre predicting the expansion of the universe from Einstein's general relativity in the 1930s. Later, the cosmic microwave background radiation was discovered, confirming the hot origins of the universe. Current measurements still have discrepancies to resolve, like differences in the Hubble constant. Theorists have proposed ideas like inflation and the multiverse to further explain observations, but greater understanding of dark matter and energy is still needed.
From Reductionism to Emergence: Transcending Death During COVID-19Paul H. Carr
How might we reduce the above-normal death rates from COVID-19? Our hope is for science to develop a vaccine. The reductive sequencing of the parts of the coronavirus could help. Francis Collins, who led the team that developed the science for sequencing the parts
of the human genome, entitled his book The Language of God, God being the holistic creator. Religion helps us transcend death. Science itself is moving from reductionism to emergent holism, which is closer to religion.
Scientists like Wigner, Deacon, and Dickerson are developing an emergent and non-materialist worldview. Theologians Clayton and Nurnberger are working on the emergence of spirit. Carol and John Albright envision a creative Interactive World, Interactive God. Cardiologist Van Lommel’s 20-year observations of near-death experiences give evidence for life after death.
CREATIVITY: Individual & CollaborativePaul H. Carr
The Creative Process
1. Individual
"There is no logical way to discover. There is only the way of intuition, which is helped by a feeling for the order.” Albert Einstein
- The 3-step creative process: informed, unformed, transformed
- Neuroscience: listening to music inspires creativity
2. Collaborative
- Searching for truth to expand and share our limited knowledge and worldviews.
Confront COVID-19 and Climate Change NowPaul H. Carr
COVID-19 & CLIMATE: BOTH GLOBAL, TEMPERATURE INCREASE
If we wait for a crisis, it’s too late:
Time after drastic action: COVID, months;
CLIMATE, century.
The COVID “stay in place” reduced greenhouse emissions up to 17%. Reduced population.
Non-US-Deficit Increasing solution: Carbon fee plus dividend for all.
What we can do: more vegetarian diet, less airline travel, more nuclear reactors
From Theology to Fractals: Mystical to Mathematical BeautyPaul H. Carr
Mystical to Mathematical Beauty.
I traced the transition from mystical to mathematical beauty in American thought: from the theologian Jonathan Edwards in the 18th century, through natural philosopher David H. Thoreau's "Walden" in the 19th, to the mathematician, Benoit Mandelbrot's "Fractal Geometry of Nature" in the 20th century. Chapter 4 of Paul H. Carr's "Beauty in Science and Spirit,"
Paul Tillich: Climate Prophecy versus ProfitPaul H. Carr
Paul Tillich’s 1962 sermon, “Man and Earth,” was prophetic. He said, “ We have no guarantee against man-made floods….” Floods are now increasing. Global ice is melting. Sea levels are rising four times faster than in 1900 from global warming.
What are the preliminary and ultimate concerns of those who deny what 97% of climate scientists have concluded? That is, increasing carbon dioxide emissions, mostly from our profitable fossil fuel burning, are warming our planet via the Greenhouse effect.
Let’s invest in jobs with-long term payoff. Until we get a vaccine, there will be continuing unemployment in the jobs where people are close together: restaurants, theaters, sporting events, airplanes, and cruises. Grants for more energy efficient homes and industrial buildings would make jobs for local contractors. The resulting lower energy costs with lower carbon dioxide emissions would repay the cost several times over. This comes when science tells us there is no time for delay on dealing with climate change.
Joe Biden’s “build back better” will immediately invest in sustainable job creation, new industries, and re-invigorated regional economies.
To outcompete China, Americans could invent, commercialize and manufacture the new battery technology needed to store solar and wind energy and for electric vehicles. Businesses and job creators all across our country would supply the materials and parts.
Millions of construction workers are needed to build affordable housing and to rebuild our crumbling infrastructure, including aging nuclear reactors. These generate 20% of our electricity with no carbon dioxide emissions. Americans are developing advanced reactors that are smaller, safer, and more efficient at half today’s construction costs.
Reform COVID19's Inequality to Avoid RevolutionsPaul H. Carr
COVID19 amplifies inequality, increasing tensions between poor Blacks, Whites, Police, and Immigrants. Economically disadvantaged Blacks joined by Whites are taking to the streets to demand reform. Economic inequality contributed to the French Revolution and to our Civil War, with the most casualties in our history.
We need reform to prevent revolutions. Karl Marx’s wrote his 1847 Communist Manifesto in response the newly rich industrialist’s exploitation of the poor workers in England. During this time, author Charles Dickens, as a boy, had to work ten-hour shifts pasting labels on bottles to support this family, because his father was confined in Debtor’s Prison.
In 1917,Trotsky led the Communist Revolution in Russia that ousted the Tsars’ monarchy. In 1924 Stalin emerged as the leader of the USSR. After WWII, the US fought the Korean and Vietnam Wars to stop the Communists from overrunning the world.
The rich, miserly Scrooge in Charles Dickens’ “Christmas Carol” underwent a conversion to a generous person who celebrated Christmas. In contrast to the Communist revolution, this can be a metaphor for the rule of law that enabled the US to overcome worker exploitation. The US passed child, labor, and anti-trust laws that constrained the power of the rich industrialists.
Since the 1980s, hourly worker pay has not increased in proportion to inflation and increased productivity. This disparity is increasing economic inequality. Most of the increased productivity pay has gone to those with education beyond a bachelor’s degree.
The minimum federal pay of $7.25 per hour has not been increased for over a decade. To keep up with inflation and productivity increases, the minimum wage should be gradually advanced to $ 20 per hour. Recently the minimum wage in Washington, DC increased to $14 per hour.
The property tax that funds public schools results in poor neighborhoods having poor schools and rich neighborhoods having good schools. State, federal, and corporate funds are needed to keep poor kids from being locked into poverty. Our high tech civilization needs an educated workforce. Let’s educate our poor rather than import educated immigrants. We must also reform our tax structure and corporate policies.
Sequel to "Transcending Death during COVID-19" Are scientific world-views con...Paul H. Carr
1. The document discusses the convergence of scientific and religious worldviews, with mathematics playing a key role.
2. It explores ideas like consciousness being both mathematical and emergent, and energy and spirit being similar concepts.
3. Religious perspectives see the cosmos emerging from divine consciousness, while science sees human consciousness emerging from the physical cosmos over billions of years since the Big Bang.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
2. RISE CONFRONTING COVID, CLIMATE, & ECONOMY
OUTLINE
1. CLIMATE CHANGE EXTREMES: INCREASING
FOREST FIRES AND HURRICANES
2. CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENCE:
CO2 from fossil fuel burning is warming our
Earth via the Greenhouse effect
3. WHAT WE CAN DO IMMEDIATELY
3. WEATHER EXTREMES ARE INCREASING
Dry areas drier, Wet areas wetter.
• Normally dry areas drier from more
evaporation.
- Record high forest fires in CA, OR, and WA
• Normally wet areas getting wetter.
- Atmosphere holds more moisture at higher
temperatures
-Most active hurricane season in more than a
decade.
4. 5 million acres, size of Massachusetts, in CA, Oregon, and Washington State burned.
Increasing trend line
since 1980 exceeded.
CRISIS ?
5. GLOBAL WARMNG IMPACT
FOREST FIRES IN CALIFORNIA: 119,00O HAVE EVACUATED
August 22, 2020
How to find COVID-free shelter for 119,000 evacuees +
12,000 firefighters? (Manchester, NH has 113,000 people).
Smoke pollution makes COVID lung attacks worse
Global warming increases dryness that ”loads the dice” for
for more severe fires.
Warmer winters do not destroy the pine beetles, which kill
more trees for kindling.
7. • Oct 30, 2020. Power outage on Bourbon St, New Orleans, from
Hurricane Zeta, the second worst since Hurricane Katrina.
• 2 Million people without power up to Atlanta, GA.
• This hurricane season: most storms in a single year since 1916.
8. T
24 Aug 2005. Tropical
Storm Approaches
Southern Florida.
28 Aug 2005. Katrina,
Category 5 Hurricane,
gained energetic winds of
175 mph due to the
record high temperatures
of the Gulf of Mexico.
28 Aug 2005. Katrina,
Category 5, 175 mph
winds. Absorbed energy
from the record high
temperatures of the
Gulf of Mexico.
29 Aug 2005. Katrina
causes $100Bs damage to
New Orleans, LA
KATRINA: Tropical Storm to Hurricane
Converting thermal energy of ocean to kinetic energy of wind
9. 2018 HURRICANE MICHAEL’S WIND DAMAGE
This elevated house in Mexico Beach, Fla., came through
Hurricane Michael almost unscathed.
Credit Johnny Milano for The New York Times
10. A wise rich man with foresight had the house, built of steel reinforced
concrete elevated on tall pilings to allow a storm surge to pass
underneath with little damage. The house, whose assessed value was
$400,000, exceeded the building code.
Johnny Milano for The New York Times
Pope Francis in his encyclical Laudato Si, On Care for our Common
Home” noted that the poor suffer the most from the increasing
weather extremes of climate change.
11. 11
2017 Hurricane
Harvey, Texas, set
a new US record
of 52 inches for
rainfall from a
single storm.
2017 Hurricane
Irma set net
record: 3 days as
a Category 5
Hurricane.
12. WEATHER EXTREMES ARE INCREASING
Dry areas drier, Wet areas wetter.
• Normally dry areas drier from more
evaporation.
- Record high forest fires in CA, OR, and WA
• Normally wet areas getting wetter.
- Atmosphere holds more moisture at higher
temperatures
-Most hurricanes since 1916.
13. "There are a thousand hacking at the branches of
evil (wildfires, hurricanes) to one who is striking at
the root (global warming).” Thoreau.
14. OUTLINE
1. CLIMATE CHANGE EXTREMES: INCREASING
FOREST FIRES AND HURRICANES
2. CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENCE:
CO2 from fossil fuel burning is warming our
Earth via the Greenhouse effect
3. WHAT WE CAN DO IMMEDIATELY
15. CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENCE
The EXPLODING POPULATION OF 7 BILLION IS
INFLUENCING OUR CLIMATE BY BURNING FOSSIL FUELS
THAT EMIT GREENHOUSE GASES: CARBON DIOXIDE, CO2.
a. THE HUMAN INFLUENCE ON WARMING
Emissions of the greenhouse gas, CO2, are increasing at a
rate of 2.5 ppm per year.
b. CONTRAST THIS WITH SLOWER NATURAL PROCESSES
18K – 10K years ago, C02 increased at a rate 1/300th slower.
15
16. 2020 CO2 levels
of 414 ppm are
133 ppm above
the pre-
industrial
average
1875
• Carbon
isotope ratios
indicate the
CO2 increase
since1750 is
from burning
~300 million yr
old fossil
fuels.
CO2 INCREASE, INDUSTRIAL ERA
16
17. At present rate
of 2.5 ppm
rise per year,
humans are
increasing
CO2 at a rate
300 times
faster than
the recovery
from the ice
age 18,000 -
10,000 years
ago.
CO2 CONCENTRATIONS, HIGHEST (33%) IN 800,000 YRS,
COULD REACH ~800 PPM, DOUBLING BY 21OO.
Ice
Age
17
18. Increasing CO2 gas density: 1. raises temperature of earth’s surface.
2. reduces temperature of the stratosphere.
18
19. GREENHOUSE EFFECT
The glass allows energy from the sun to heat the inside of the greenhouse.
The glass traps the long wave infrared head radiation inside by reflecting it.
20. • Verification of Swedish chemist and Nobel laureate Svante Arrhenius 1900 prediction.
A logarithmic increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) (blue) will raise the
temperature (green) via the Greenhouse Effect.
• Temperatures have risen more rapidly since 1980,
21. Increasing trend line
since 1980 exceeded.
Starting in the 1980s, forest fires have burned increasing areas.
23. As trees lose their leaves in October, CO2 levels increase.
As trees regain their leaves in May, CO2 levels decrease.
24. • C02 CONCENTRATION IN THE INDUSTRIALIZED
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE IS GREATER THAN THE SOUTHERN.
• TEMP. INCREASE, SINCE 1880, OF NORTHERN = 1.1 deg. C
• TEMP. INCREASE OF SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE = 0.4 deg C
HUMAN CO2 FOOTPRINT
Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) Aboard NASA’s Aquilla Satellite.
24
25. 1750-2005: Even if
the cloud albedo
effect is assumed to
have the maximum
cooling value, there
would still be a net
warming of the
climate due to
human activities.
(UN Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change,
IPCC, 2007Report)
Solar Irradiance
increased by only 0.2%
since 1750.
25
26. MAKING EARTH COOL AGAIN: Challenges, & Solutions
COOLING CHALLENGES: Fall 2018 Reports
(1) Global Climate Change Impacts in US: 13
Government Agency Report
(Nov 2018). Up to 10% decrease in US economy by
2100.
(2) Preventing 2.7 F (1.5 C) degrees of warming." IPCC
report, authored by 90 scientists from 40 countries (Oct
2018). Greenhouse pollution must be reduced by 45
percent from 2010 levels by 2030, and 100 percent by
2050.
3. COOL SOLUTIONS
(.
27. We have 12 years
to limit climate
change
catastrophe,
warns the UN.
Urgent changes
needed to cut risk
of extreme heat,
drought, floods
and poverty, says
IPCC (8 Oct 2018)
28.
29. U.S. Climate Report Warns of
Damaged Environment and
Shrinking Economy
Nov 23, 2018
Thirteen federal agencies predict:
Global warming could knock 10% off
our economy by 2100, double that of
the 2008 recession.
Projected climate losses per year:
$141 billion from heat-related
deaths,
$118 billion from sea level rise and
$32 billion from infrastructure
damage. TOTAL $291 billion/yr
Solutions:
-Putting a price on greenhouse gas
emissions
-Next generation reactor buildout
- Vegetarian/vegan diet
30. Southern states with hot climates stand to suffer more,
with Florida taking the brunt, as it must also deal with sea level rise.
The GPD of northern states and Canada will expand. Clim-migration.
31. God blessed America,
The future’s in Canada:
Where sick don’t go bankrupt &
College doesn’t break the bank.
As the South gets too hot,
Canada will always be cool.
Canada is such a jewel.
By Paul H. Carr
32. 3. COOL SOLUTIONS to GLOBAL
WARMING.
What we can do as individuals
a. Less food waste.
b. A vegetarian/vegan diet.
33. 33
Of the 100 ways of
reducing global warming
the following were rated:
3. Reduced Food
Waste
4. Plant-Rich Diet
36. STOP EATING RED MEAT: BEEF AND PORK
Agriculture accounts for 24% of our greenhouse emissions.
• Cattle & pigs emit the greenhouse gases methane, CH4. They eat
grains needed for humans.
• In addition, deforestation—clearing land for crops, for instance—
removes trees that pull CO2 out of the air,
37. Electric Cars (EVs): Fun Saving our Earth
This Chevy Bolt (EV) has no CO2 emissions
38. MY ALL ELECTRIC 2017 CHEVY BOLT EV
• 238 mile range after charging.
• 120 mpg equivalent
• Acceleration 0 to 60 mpg in 6.3 second, about ½ that of
Tesla Model S, but the Bolt’s cost is ½,
about $33,000 with the Federal rebate.
The batteries, motor, and one-speed transmission are made in S.
Korea. The Bolt is assembled in Michigan.
39. SUMMARY
1. CLIMATE CHANGE EXTREMES: INCREASING
FOREST FIRES AND HURRICANES
2. CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENCE:
CO2 from fossil fuel burning is warming our
Earth via the Greenhouse effect
3. WHAT WE CAN DO IMMEDIATELY:
A more vegetarian diet.
40. CONFRONTING COVID, CLIMATE, AND ECONOMY
Nov 5. Climate Change Extremes: Increasing Wildfires and Hurricanes.
-Global warming makes dry areas dryer and wet ones wetter
as the atmosphere holds more water vapor at higher temperatures.
-Forest fires are now burning 8 times as much area as in 1985.
- As our South gets too hot, Canada will always be cool.
-Hurricane Beta is the 9th named storm, the most in a single year since 1916.
Nov 12. Confront COVID and Climate Change Now
- If we wait for a crisis, it’s too late.
- When the melting glaciers in Antarctica slide
into the sea, levels could rise 3 -10 feet.
Nov 19 Transcending Death during COVID: Are Near-Death
Experiences Proof of Heaven?
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Editor's Notes
Attribution of western US forest fire area to ACC. Cumulative forest fire area estimated from the (red) observed all-metric mean record of fuel aridity and (black) the fuel aridity record after exclusion of ACC (No ACC). The (orange) difference is the forest fire area forced by anthropogenic increases in fuel aridity. Bold lines in A and horizontal lines within box plots in B indicate mean estimated values (regression values in Fig. 1). Boxes in B bound 50% confidence intervals. Shaded areas in A and whiskers in B bound 95% confidence intervals. Dark red horizontal lines in B indicate observed forest fire area during each period.