The document describes several options to remediate a homeowner's failing septic system. Option 1 is a full replacement with a new type G mound, dosing tank, and gradient drain. Option 2 repairs the existing mound by replacing the sand and adding new laterals. Option 3 updates more of the existing system but carries more risk. The health department requires a plan within 30 days to avoid further inspections. The homeowner should contact the agent once an option is chosen so the permit can be completed.
Pressure mound system: Septic Installers - Mike Schwartz, P.E.Prein Newhof
The document discusses new regulations in Kalamazoo County's sanitary code for onsite sewage treatment systems. It notes the code now restricts properties where public sewer is available, where a septic tank would be inaccessible, and where the lot is too small. It also restricts properties with insufficient drainage, high groundwater less than 24 inches from the surface, percolation rates over 60 minutes per inch, or unsuitable soil classifications. The document discusses how appeals require engineered alternative systems that are more costly and require ongoing maintenance. It identifies the top three reasons for permit denials: lack of land area, poor soils, and high water tables within 24 inches of the surface. It provides examples of pressure distribution mound systems
Time dose vs. Pump & Dump - Mike SchwartzPrein Newhof
1. A time dosed system distributes effluent through small diameter pressurized laterals with orifices, while a "pump and dump" system uses larger non-pressurized laterals.
2. Key components of a time dosed system include a septic tank, dosing tank, pump, disposal area of small diameter laterals with orifices, and a programmable timer to control pump cycles.
3. Design of a time dosed system involves calculating orifice spacing and size, lateral diameter, pump size, dose volume, run time, and number of doses per day to ensure uniform distribution without overloading the soil.
Pipex FASTBUILD™ Packaged Pumping Stations can be supplied complete with Pipex FASTBUILD™ Valve Chambers and Pipex CHEMSAFE™ Pipe Systems heavy gauge HDPE rising mains. Alternatively the chambers can be supplied standalone for connection to any concrete, plastic, clay, FRP, cast iron or metallic drainage pipe system as required.
Water Pumps, Necessity of Pumping, Kinds of Pumps (Reciprocating Pump, Centrifugal Pump, Rotary Pump, Turbine Pump, Air Lift Pump), Power for Pumps, Selection of Pumps, Principles of Pumping, Pumping Station, Site Selection for Pumping Station... By Engr. M. Jalal Sarwar
ESTIMATION OF SOIL LOSS BY USING MULTISLOT DEVISORRaghu1522
This document describes the design and use of a multi-slot runoff collector to measure runoff and estimate soil loss from small plots. It has three main parts: a collection tank with multiple compartments, a slot divisor to divide runoff into sections, and a cistern tank to collect excess runoff. The system is installed on test plots with slopes of 60% or 90% to collect runoff water which is then measured and analyzed to calculate soil loss. It provides an easy way to experimentally measure runoff and erosion from small land areas.
This document describes a multi-slot runoff collector used to measure runoff and estimate soil loss from small plots. It has three main parts: a collection tank with four compartments, a slot divisor with 11 slots to divide runoff, and a cistern tank to collect excess runoff. The device is installed on test plots that are separated and have runoff collection channels. Runoff water is collected from rain events and its volume and soil loss are calculated based on measurements from the collection tanks.
This document describes the design and use of the Coshocton wheel sampler and multi-slot divisor for measuring runoff and soil loss from small plots. It discusses the standardized models (N-1, N-2, N-3) of the Coshocton wheel sampler that collect different proportions of total flow volume based on their diameter. It also explains the key components and installation of the multi-slot divisor system used to collect a portion of runoff into a storage tank for analysis of sediment quantity.
The document describes several options to remediate a homeowner's failing septic system. Option 1 is a full replacement with a new type G mound, dosing tank, and gradient drain. Option 2 repairs the existing mound by replacing the sand and adding new laterals. Option 3 updates more of the existing system but carries more risk. The health department requires a plan within 30 days to avoid further inspections. The homeowner should contact the agent once an option is chosen so the permit can be completed.
Pressure mound system: Septic Installers - Mike Schwartz, P.E.Prein Newhof
The document discusses new regulations in Kalamazoo County's sanitary code for onsite sewage treatment systems. It notes the code now restricts properties where public sewer is available, where a septic tank would be inaccessible, and where the lot is too small. It also restricts properties with insufficient drainage, high groundwater less than 24 inches from the surface, percolation rates over 60 minutes per inch, or unsuitable soil classifications. The document discusses how appeals require engineered alternative systems that are more costly and require ongoing maintenance. It identifies the top three reasons for permit denials: lack of land area, poor soils, and high water tables within 24 inches of the surface. It provides examples of pressure distribution mound systems
Time dose vs. Pump & Dump - Mike SchwartzPrein Newhof
1. A time dosed system distributes effluent through small diameter pressurized laterals with orifices, while a "pump and dump" system uses larger non-pressurized laterals.
2. Key components of a time dosed system include a septic tank, dosing tank, pump, disposal area of small diameter laterals with orifices, and a programmable timer to control pump cycles.
3. Design of a time dosed system involves calculating orifice spacing and size, lateral diameter, pump size, dose volume, run time, and number of doses per day to ensure uniform distribution without overloading the soil.
Pipex FASTBUILD™ Packaged Pumping Stations can be supplied complete with Pipex FASTBUILD™ Valve Chambers and Pipex CHEMSAFE™ Pipe Systems heavy gauge HDPE rising mains. Alternatively the chambers can be supplied standalone for connection to any concrete, plastic, clay, FRP, cast iron or metallic drainage pipe system as required.
Water Pumps, Necessity of Pumping, Kinds of Pumps (Reciprocating Pump, Centrifugal Pump, Rotary Pump, Turbine Pump, Air Lift Pump), Power for Pumps, Selection of Pumps, Principles of Pumping, Pumping Station, Site Selection for Pumping Station... By Engr. M. Jalal Sarwar
ESTIMATION OF SOIL LOSS BY USING MULTISLOT DEVISORRaghu1522
This document describes the design and use of a multi-slot runoff collector to measure runoff and estimate soil loss from small plots. It has three main parts: a collection tank with multiple compartments, a slot divisor to divide runoff into sections, and a cistern tank to collect excess runoff. The system is installed on test plots with slopes of 60% or 90% to collect runoff water which is then measured and analyzed to calculate soil loss. It provides an easy way to experimentally measure runoff and erosion from small land areas.
This document describes a multi-slot runoff collector used to measure runoff and estimate soil loss from small plots. It has three main parts: a collection tank with four compartments, a slot divisor with 11 slots to divide runoff, and a cistern tank to collect excess runoff. The device is installed on test plots that are separated and have runoff collection channels. Runoff water is collected from rain events and its volume and soil loss are calculated based on measurements from the collection tanks.
This document describes the design and use of the Coshocton wheel sampler and multi-slot divisor for measuring runoff and soil loss from small plots. It discusses the standardized models (N-1, N-2, N-3) of the Coshocton wheel sampler that collect different proportions of total flow volume based on their diameter. It also explains the key components and installation of the multi-slot divisor system used to collect a portion of runoff into a storage tank for analysis of sediment quantity.
Pumping stations are necessary to lift wastewater in certain situations, such as when sewage needs to be pumped over ridges or into treatment plants at higher elevations. A pumping station contains elements like grit channels, screens, a wet well, dry well housing pumps, and rising mains to transport sewage to higher gravity sewers. Proper design considers flow rates, sediment removal, pump access and reliability, and connections to discharge sewage safely.
This document discusses common design problems encountered in municipal wastewater pump stations and proposed solutions. It identifies issues such as concrete corrosion, use of non-corrosion resistant materials, lack of pump protection from debris, improper pump sizing, and lack of provisions for future expansion. Solutions proposed include using high-density polyethylene liners, stainless steel components, grinders, evaluating total dynamic head calculations more carefully, and oversizing some components to allow for capacity increases. The document provides examples from recently constructed pump stations in Northern Virginia that have implemented some of these solutions successfully.
PROCEDURE FOR MAINTENANCE OF SEWAGE SYSTEMAB MAKASANA
The document outlines the procedure for maintaining a sewage system. Maintenance includes removing blockages, cleaning sewers and repair work. Clogged sewers are costly to maintain, especially those laid on flat gradients where tree roots can penetrate joints. The largest maintenance cost comes from cleaning sewers clogged with silt, grease, and oils. Maintenance tasks include repairing manholes, sewer lines, preventing clogging, checking for leaks, and raising manholes to match road levels. The maintenance in-charge is responsible for inspecting sewers, measuring flows, cleaning, flushing to prevent clogging, repairing pipes and structures, preventing explosions, scheduling routine maintenance, supervising work, and obtaining approvals for
The document discusses various sewer appurtenances including inlets, catch basins, cleanouts, manholes, and ventilation structures. Manholes are constructed at intervals along sewer lines to allow access for inspection, cleaning, and maintenance. They typically have access shafts, working chambers, inverts to connect sewer lines, and heavy covers. Sewer lines must be properly laid, joined, and tested for water tightness before backfilling trenches. Appurtenances assist in the efficient operation and maintenance of sewerage systems.
The document discusses golf course drainage design and specifications. It covers determining natural drainage routes, designing drainage patterns for greens, fairways, tees and bunkers with laterals connecting to main collectors. Main collectors are sized based on laterals and route to discharge areas like ponds or irrigation sources. Catch basins are used to collect surface water in low areas. Drainage is designed to move water away from play using slopes between 1-3% toward drainage features.
The document discusses two methods for controlling water levels around excavation sites: deep well systems and wellpoint systems. Deep well systems use individual wells with submersible pumps that can lower water levels over 100 feet in depth, making them suitable for deep excavations. Wellpoint systems consist of multiple wellpoints connected to a common header and pump, allowing them to dewater sites where water needs to be lowered up to 20 feet. The deep well system is best for deep, homogeneous aquifers, while the wellpoint system works well in shallow aquifers requiring less lowering of the water table.
The document discusses drainage systems for foundations. It includes definitions of key terms like foundation dewatering and filter. It describes different types of drains like open drains, lined drains, closed drains, wells, and miscellaneous methods. Open drains include catch drains, open channels, and lined options like kerb and gutter drains. Closed drains include tile drains, blanket drains, and composite drains. Wells for drainage include deep wells, horizontal wells, and well points. The document also discusses standards and materials used for drains.
The document presents an overview of drainage issues and potential solutions for the Sandersville plant. It describes six existing storm drainage basins and their processes water flows. The key problem areas are catch basins and sewer pipes that cause bottlenecks. Four potential solutions are outlined: installing a parallel gravity sewer, sending all water to a larger clarifier pond, installing an overflow at an upper catch basin to route excess water to an existing lower pond, or pumping the "blue" area water across the plant to the main sewer line. Pros and cons of each option are discussed, along with estimated costs.
1. Various essential accessories in sewerage systems are called sewer appurtenances. They include manholes, drop manholes, lamp holes, street inlets, catch basins, flushing devices, grease/oil/sand traps, inverted siphons, sewer outlets, and ventilating shafts.
2. Manholes allow inspection, cleaning, repair and flow measurement of sewers. Drop manholes are used when the connection cannot be arranged within 60cm of the manhole invert. Lamp holes have openings for lowering lamps into sewers. Street inlets admit stormwater into sewers. Catch basins remove grit before sewage enters sewers.
3. Flushing devices use
This document provides an overview of various sewer appurtenances including manholes, lampholes, drop manholes, oil and grease traps, and catch basins. Manholes are constructed on sewer alignments to allow access for inspection, cleaning, and maintenance of sewer lines. They are usually circular or rectangular in shape. Lampholes are similar but smaller openings used in places where there is insufficient space for a full manhole. Drop manholes include vertical drop pipes to connect sewers with significant elevation changes. Oil and grease traps are chambers that separate grease and oil from sewage before it enters sewer lines.
Design, construction and use of septic tankssuricruise
Septic tanks were invented in France in 1860 and have become widely used worldwide for wastewater treatment. They are used for small scale applications like individual homes or small groups. Septic tanks work through natural bacterial breakdown of waste and are an affordable option. However, they require proper design, construction, installation, and maintenance to operate effectively and prevent environmental issues. The document discusses guidelines for building septic tanks and ensuring they are sealed and structurally sound. It also notes more modern prefabricated tank designs can improve upon traditional septic tank construction methods.
The document discusses various components of sewerage systems and methods of sewage collection and treatment. It describes the key parts of sewerage systems including pipes, pumps, manholes, as well as different systems for collecting domestic and industrial wastewater. It also summarizes common methods for primary and secondary sewage treatment such as screening, sedimentation, and biological processes like trickling filters and activated sludge. Stormwater management techniques are also outlined including ways to store, convey, and infiltrate or detain runoff.
Basics of golf course irrigation systemNormas Yakin
Slides I used to teach about the irrigation system on a golf course. These are just the basic knowledge. Would be good to share knowledge. Do comment to add or to correct me if I'm wrong.
This document discusses various aspects of designing and installing subsoil drainage systems. It provides guidance on determining pipe sizing and placement, choosing the proper filter material, and common installation mistakes to avoid. Key points covered include designing the system from the discharge point upward with uniform fall, using washed sand rather than gravel as the filter material to prevent particle migration, and ensuring proper trench grading and slope.
This document discusses the maintenance of sewerage systems. It identifies common problems such as leakage of cast iron pipes, overflowing cisterns, blocked waste pipes, and clogged drains. It provides details on the causes and solutions for these issues. Maintenance involves activities like cleaning blockages, repairing leaks, replacing damaged fixtures, and ensuring proper ventilation of sewer lines. Regular inspection and cleaning is important to prevent clogging and ensure efficient functioning of the sewerage system.
The document provides guidance on selecting and designing rain garden sites for rooftop and driveway/parking lot runoff. It outlines key steps including identifying existing stormwater infrastructure, observing stormwater flow paths, ensuring adequate space and soil drainage, and sizing the rain garden appropriately based on the drainage area and design storm volume. The document emphasizes disconnecting impervious surfaces from existing drainage systems where possible and accounting for overflow during large storms.
This document discusses various sewer appurtenances including manholes, shallow manholes, deep manholes, drop manholes, lamp holes, clean outs, street inlets, horizontal inlets, flushing tanks, automatic flushing tanks, grease and oil traps, sand grease and oil traps, inverted siphons, and storm water regulators. Manholes provide access to sewer lines and come in different depths depending on their location and purpose. Other appurtenances like drop manholes, lamp holes, and clean outs aid in accessing and maintaining sewer systems. Flushing tanks, traps, and regulators help manage waste, debris, and water flow within sewer infrastructure.
The document discusses sewage pumping stations. Sewage pumping stations are needed when sewage must be raised to flow by gravity, such as when basements are too low to discharge into main sewers or sewage must be conveyed over ridges. Problems with sewage pumping include fouling, solids causing clogs, corrosion from waste, health risks from pathogens, and flow variations. Pumping stations have dry wells to house pumps and wet wells for incoming sewage. Design considerations include retention time, water levels, screens, standby pumps, space for future pumps, and formulas for head loss and pump power.
Design and Construction of Sewers And Sewer AppurtenancesTulsiram Bhattarai
The document provides information about sewer systems in Nepal. It discusses the historical development of sewage systems in Nepal from the 1920s to present day. It outlines the objectives of understanding sewer types, design criteria, construction, and appurtenances. The document describes various sewer shapes including circular, rectangular, egg-shaped, and others. It covers design criteria such as sewage flow calculations, velocity, gradient, and materials. Common sewer materials like concrete, brick, cast iron are explained. The importance of manholes and other appurtenances for maintenance and inspection is highlighted.
The document provides information about septic systems and the problems with conventional septic tanks. It introduces Safegard septic tanks as an advanced solution. Safegard tanks have a unique vertical and modular design that makes them strong, lightweight, and easy to install. They are more durable and resistant to corrosion than conventional brick or concrete tanks. The document outlines the components, sizes, and installation process of Safegard septic tanks.
Excavation and Ground water control1.pptxssusercbae26
This document summarizes different types of excavation including topsoil excavation, rock excavation, muck excavation, and earth excavation. It then discusses various purposes of excavation such as cut and fill excavation, trench excavation, basement excavation, and dredging excavation. Finally, it covers topics related to controlling groundwater and surface water during excavation projects through methods like pumping, cutoff walls, and special techniques.
Pumping stations are necessary to lift wastewater in certain situations, such as when sewage needs to be pumped over ridges or into treatment plants at higher elevations. A pumping station contains elements like grit channels, screens, a wet well, dry well housing pumps, and rising mains to transport sewage to higher gravity sewers. Proper design considers flow rates, sediment removal, pump access and reliability, and connections to discharge sewage safely.
This document discusses common design problems encountered in municipal wastewater pump stations and proposed solutions. It identifies issues such as concrete corrosion, use of non-corrosion resistant materials, lack of pump protection from debris, improper pump sizing, and lack of provisions for future expansion. Solutions proposed include using high-density polyethylene liners, stainless steel components, grinders, evaluating total dynamic head calculations more carefully, and oversizing some components to allow for capacity increases. The document provides examples from recently constructed pump stations in Northern Virginia that have implemented some of these solutions successfully.
PROCEDURE FOR MAINTENANCE OF SEWAGE SYSTEMAB MAKASANA
The document outlines the procedure for maintaining a sewage system. Maintenance includes removing blockages, cleaning sewers and repair work. Clogged sewers are costly to maintain, especially those laid on flat gradients where tree roots can penetrate joints. The largest maintenance cost comes from cleaning sewers clogged with silt, grease, and oils. Maintenance tasks include repairing manholes, sewer lines, preventing clogging, checking for leaks, and raising manholes to match road levels. The maintenance in-charge is responsible for inspecting sewers, measuring flows, cleaning, flushing to prevent clogging, repairing pipes and structures, preventing explosions, scheduling routine maintenance, supervising work, and obtaining approvals for
The document discusses various sewer appurtenances including inlets, catch basins, cleanouts, manholes, and ventilation structures. Manholes are constructed at intervals along sewer lines to allow access for inspection, cleaning, and maintenance. They typically have access shafts, working chambers, inverts to connect sewer lines, and heavy covers. Sewer lines must be properly laid, joined, and tested for water tightness before backfilling trenches. Appurtenances assist in the efficient operation and maintenance of sewerage systems.
The document discusses golf course drainage design and specifications. It covers determining natural drainage routes, designing drainage patterns for greens, fairways, tees and bunkers with laterals connecting to main collectors. Main collectors are sized based on laterals and route to discharge areas like ponds or irrigation sources. Catch basins are used to collect surface water in low areas. Drainage is designed to move water away from play using slopes between 1-3% toward drainage features.
The document discusses two methods for controlling water levels around excavation sites: deep well systems and wellpoint systems. Deep well systems use individual wells with submersible pumps that can lower water levels over 100 feet in depth, making them suitable for deep excavations. Wellpoint systems consist of multiple wellpoints connected to a common header and pump, allowing them to dewater sites where water needs to be lowered up to 20 feet. The deep well system is best for deep, homogeneous aquifers, while the wellpoint system works well in shallow aquifers requiring less lowering of the water table.
The document discusses drainage systems for foundations. It includes definitions of key terms like foundation dewatering and filter. It describes different types of drains like open drains, lined drains, closed drains, wells, and miscellaneous methods. Open drains include catch drains, open channels, and lined options like kerb and gutter drains. Closed drains include tile drains, blanket drains, and composite drains. Wells for drainage include deep wells, horizontal wells, and well points. The document also discusses standards and materials used for drains.
The document presents an overview of drainage issues and potential solutions for the Sandersville plant. It describes six existing storm drainage basins and their processes water flows. The key problem areas are catch basins and sewer pipes that cause bottlenecks. Four potential solutions are outlined: installing a parallel gravity sewer, sending all water to a larger clarifier pond, installing an overflow at an upper catch basin to route excess water to an existing lower pond, or pumping the "blue" area water across the plant to the main sewer line. Pros and cons of each option are discussed, along with estimated costs.
1. Various essential accessories in sewerage systems are called sewer appurtenances. They include manholes, drop manholes, lamp holes, street inlets, catch basins, flushing devices, grease/oil/sand traps, inverted siphons, sewer outlets, and ventilating shafts.
2. Manholes allow inspection, cleaning, repair and flow measurement of sewers. Drop manholes are used when the connection cannot be arranged within 60cm of the manhole invert. Lamp holes have openings for lowering lamps into sewers. Street inlets admit stormwater into sewers. Catch basins remove grit before sewage enters sewers.
3. Flushing devices use
This document provides an overview of various sewer appurtenances including manholes, lampholes, drop manholes, oil and grease traps, and catch basins. Manholes are constructed on sewer alignments to allow access for inspection, cleaning, and maintenance of sewer lines. They are usually circular or rectangular in shape. Lampholes are similar but smaller openings used in places where there is insufficient space for a full manhole. Drop manholes include vertical drop pipes to connect sewers with significant elevation changes. Oil and grease traps are chambers that separate grease and oil from sewage before it enters sewer lines.
Design, construction and use of septic tankssuricruise
Septic tanks were invented in France in 1860 and have become widely used worldwide for wastewater treatment. They are used for small scale applications like individual homes or small groups. Septic tanks work through natural bacterial breakdown of waste and are an affordable option. However, they require proper design, construction, installation, and maintenance to operate effectively and prevent environmental issues. The document discusses guidelines for building septic tanks and ensuring they are sealed and structurally sound. It also notes more modern prefabricated tank designs can improve upon traditional septic tank construction methods.
The document discusses various components of sewerage systems and methods of sewage collection and treatment. It describes the key parts of sewerage systems including pipes, pumps, manholes, as well as different systems for collecting domestic and industrial wastewater. It also summarizes common methods for primary and secondary sewage treatment such as screening, sedimentation, and biological processes like trickling filters and activated sludge. Stormwater management techniques are also outlined including ways to store, convey, and infiltrate or detain runoff.
Basics of golf course irrigation systemNormas Yakin
Slides I used to teach about the irrigation system on a golf course. These are just the basic knowledge. Would be good to share knowledge. Do comment to add or to correct me if I'm wrong.
This document discusses various aspects of designing and installing subsoil drainage systems. It provides guidance on determining pipe sizing and placement, choosing the proper filter material, and common installation mistakes to avoid. Key points covered include designing the system from the discharge point upward with uniform fall, using washed sand rather than gravel as the filter material to prevent particle migration, and ensuring proper trench grading and slope.
This document discusses the maintenance of sewerage systems. It identifies common problems such as leakage of cast iron pipes, overflowing cisterns, blocked waste pipes, and clogged drains. It provides details on the causes and solutions for these issues. Maintenance involves activities like cleaning blockages, repairing leaks, replacing damaged fixtures, and ensuring proper ventilation of sewer lines. Regular inspection and cleaning is important to prevent clogging and ensure efficient functioning of the sewerage system.
The document provides guidance on selecting and designing rain garden sites for rooftop and driveway/parking lot runoff. It outlines key steps including identifying existing stormwater infrastructure, observing stormwater flow paths, ensuring adequate space and soil drainage, and sizing the rain garden appropriately based on the drainage area and design storm volume. The document emphasizes disconnecting impervious surfaces from existing drainage systems where possible and accounting for overflow during large storms.
This document discusses various sewer appurtenances including manholes, shallow manholes, deep manholes, drop manholes, lamp holes, clean outs, street inlets, horizontal inlets, flushing tanks, automatic flushing tanks, grease and oil traps, sand grease and oil traps, inverted siphons, and storm water regulators. Manholes provide access to sewer lines and come in different depths depending on their location and purpose. Other appurtenances like drop manholes, lamp holes, and clean outs aid in accessing and maintaining sewer systems. Flushing tanks, traps, and regulators help manage waste, debris, and water flow within sewer infrastructure.
The document discusses sewage pumping stations. Sewage pumping stations are needed when sewage must be raised to flow by gravity, such as when basements are too low to discharge into main sewers or sewage must be conveyed over ridges. Problems with sewage pumping include fouling, solids causing clogs, corrosion from waste, health risks from pathogens, and flow variations. Pumping stations have dry wells to house pumps and wet wells for incoming sewage. Design considerations include retention time, water levels, screens, standby pumps, space for future pumps, and formulas for head loss and pump power.
Design and Construction of Sewers And Sewer AppurtenancesTulsiram Bhattarai
The document provides information about sewer systems in Nepal. It discusses the historical development of sewage systems in Nepal from the 1920s to present day. It outlines the objectives of understanding sewer types, design criteria, construction, and appurtenances. The document describes various sewer shapes including circular, rectangular, egg-shaped, and others. It covers design criteria such as sewage flow calculations, velocity, gradient, and materials. Common sewer materials like concrete, brick, cast iron are explained. The importance of manholes and other appurtenances for maintenance and inspection is highlighted.
The document provides information about septic systems and the problems with conventional septic tanks. It introduces Safegard septic tanks as an advanced solution. Safegard tanks have a unique vertical and modular design that makes them strong, lightweight, and easy to install. They are more durable and resistant to corrosion than conventional brick or concrete tanks. The document outlines the components, sizes, and installation process of Safegard septic tanks.
Excavation and Ground water control1.pptxssusercbae26
This document summarizes different types of excavation including topsoil excavation, rock excavation, muck excavation, and earth excavation. It then discusses various purposes of excavation such as cut and fill excavation, trench excavation, basement excavation, and dredging excavation. Finally, it covers topics related to controlling groundwater and surface water during excavation projects through methods like pumping, cutoff walls, and special techniques.
The document discusses low-cost sanitation systems, specifically septic tanks. It describes how septic tanks work and the situations where they are suitable. Septic tanks are underground structures that use anaerobic bacteria to treat wastewater and are used where sewer systems are not available. The document outlines the components, design considerations, and disposal methods for effluent from septic tanks, including soak pits and dispersion trenches which allow the liquid to absorb into the soil. Design examples are provided to demonstrate how to size a septic tank and calculate the area required for effluent disposal trenches.
This document discusses various aspects of sewerage systems including objectives, definitions, types of systems, patterns of collection, and considerations for selecting a system type. The key points are:
- The objectives of sewage collection and disposal are to properly collect, transport, treat, and dispose of sewage to protect human health and the environment.
- The main types of sewerage systems are combined (sewage and stormwater), separate (separate pipes for sewage and stormwater), and partially separate.
- Factors like site conditions, cost, flow quantities, and treatment requirements must be considered when selecting a system type.
- Common collection patterns include perpendicular, interceptor, radial, fan,
Methods of Rainwater Harvesting, Types of Rural Sanitation and Types of Plumb...Pradyumna Panikker
Rainwater harvesting involves collecting rainwater from rooftops and storing it for later use rather than allowing it to run off. The key components of a rainwater harvesting system are the catchment area, gutters and downspouts to transport water from the roof, filters to remove debris, a storage tank, and devices to extract the stored water. Proper installation and maintenance of gutters, filters, and tanks is important to collect and store clean rainwater.
Dewatering is the process of removing water from construction sites to allow for excavation and construction in dry conditions below the water table. It is done through various techniques like sump pumping, well points, deep wells, and eductor systems. The main purposes of dewatering are to provide a dry excavation area, improve stability, and allow for efficient construction. Proper planning and techniques are needed to safely lower the water table and discharge water without causing erosion or other issues.
Dewatering is the process of removing water from construction sites to allow excavation work to be done safely and efficiently below the water table. There are several reasons why dewatering is needed, including providing a dry work area, improving stability, and increasing safety. Common dewatering techniques include sump pumping, well points, deep wells, and trenches. Each method has advantages and disadvantages depending on the site conditions and depth of water lowering required. Proper planning and design of a dewatering system is important to effectively control groundwater and allow construction work to progress smoothly.
The activated sludge process treats sewage by mixing it with activated sludge microorganisms in an aeration tank. The mixture is intimately mixed with air for 4-8 hours, allowing the microorganisms to oxidize organic matter. The treated effluent then settles in a secondary tank. BOD removal is typically 80-95% with this process. Trickling filters treat sewage by distributing it over a bed of media colonized by aerobic microorganisms. As the liquid trickles down, organic matter is adsorbed and degraded by microorganisms in the biological slime layer. The treated water is then collected by an underdrain system for discharge.
- The activated sludge process treats sewage by mixing it with activated sludge microorganisms in an aeration tank. This allows the microorganisms to break down organic matter over 4-8 hours. Effluent from this process has low BOD and high removal of bacteria and organic matter.
- Sewage is aerated in the tank through diffused air, mechanical aeration like paddles, or a combination. This provides oxygen for the microorganisms. Common methods include diffused air through plates or tubes, mechanical systems like Haworth and Simplex, or combined aeration.
- Filters like contact beds and intermittent sand filters further treat effluent through biological filtration in the media, removing additional organic
This document discusses water supply and drainage systems. It covers the types of water supply sources and drainage systems, including public mains, private wells, and different types of private drainage like surface water drainage, greywater drainage, and foul water drainage. It also discusses best practices for drainage pipe installation, materials, sewage treatment, and regulations.
1. Onsite sanitation system and disposal of sludge slide series (1) septic tankvvsasane
This document discusses septic tanks and upflow anaerobic filters. It provides an introduction to septic tanks, explaining that they are underground tanks that use anaerobic bacteria to break down waste. It then covers the construction of septic tanks, including features like inlet and outlet baffles. The document also discusses design considerations for septic tanks like capacity, dimensions, and detention time. Finally, it introduces upflow anaerobic filters as a secondary treatment for septic tank effluent that can achieve higher BOD removal.
This document discusses different sewage disposal methods and their advantages and disadvantages. It describes on-site sewage disposal systems that use septic tanks and leach drains or French drains to treat sewage in the surrounding soil. It also discusses effluent disposal systems that transport treated sewage from a community to a central lagoon via pipes. Full sewage systems transport all sewage directly to a lagoon, with some options for pretreatment. The septic tank is used to separate solids from liquids before further treatment or disposal.
This document provides information on pond construction including terminology, design, safety, and costs. It discusses Alabama's lack of dam safety laws and outlines the steps needed for proper pond construction including erosion control, compaction, spillway design, and establishing vegetation. Pond leakage issues and solutions are addressed as well as average costs for small and large livestock ponds. Sources for additional information are also provided.
Poorly drained soil can damage crop yields. There are two main types of drainage systems: surface and subsurface. Surface drainage removes excess water from the land surface through constructed channels and ditches. It is used on flat lands and includes systems like bedding, random drains, and parallel ditches. Subsurface drainage controls groundwater levels using deep open drains, buried pipe drains, or tube wells. Pipe drains are now commonly used as they cause no loss of land and have low maintenance requirements compared to open drains. Proper drainage is needed to maintain soil structure, aeration, and remove excess water and salts from the root zone.
This document discusses various methods of excreta disposal, including latrines suitable for both unsewered and sewered areas. For unsewered areas, it describes the bore hole latrine, dug well latrine, water seal latrine designs (PRAI and RCA types), septic tanks, and aqua privies. It also discusses latrines suitable for temporary use. For sewered areas, it outlines the components of a water carriage system including household fittings, sewers, and manholes. The document then covers sewage treatment methods including primary, secondary and other processes like oxidation ponds and ditches.
This document provides definitions and information related to sewage and sewerage systems. It defines key terms like sewage, sewerage, stormwater, and night soil. It describes the evolution from manual waste disposal to modern water carriage systems. It also covers various sewer system types (combined, separate, partially separate) and layout patterns (perpendicular, radial, fan, interceptor, zone). Additionally, it discusses sewer materials like concrete, vitrified clay, asbestos cement, plastic, and their advantages and limitations.
This document discusses various methods of excreta disposal and sewage treatment. It describes latrines suitable for unsewered areas like borehole, dug well, and water seal latrines. For temporary use, it recommends shallow and deep trench or pit latrines. Under sewered areas, it explains conservancy systems using bucket latrines and modern sewage treatment involving primary processes like screening and sedimentation, and secondary treatments such as trickling filters or activated sludge before effluent disposal.
This document discusses various components of a water treatment and distribution system including:
1. Rapid sand filters that can filter 30 times more water than slow sand filters using larger sand sizes.
2. Water distribution systems aim to satisfy water requirements and can use gravity, pumping, or combined systems. Layouts include dead-end, gridiron, ring, and radial systems.
3. Reservoirs store treated water and come in clean water, surface, and elevated styles to balance demands and pressures.
Similar to Homeowners guide to septic systems (20)
1. Homeowners Guide to
On-Lot Sewage Systems
Jeremiah Eldredge
Septic Management Services
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2. What is an on-lot sewage system?
• On-lot sewage systems are composed of two
primary parts:
• Septic tanks or an aerobic tank
• Remove the settleable and floatable solids from the wastewater
• An absorption area
• Utilizes the ability of the soil to filter and treat the remaining
effluent before it reaches the water table
• Proper maintenance of the septic tanks or aerobic
tank will prevent more costly problems with the
absorption area
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3. Sources of household sewage
Household sewage is a combination of wastewater
from toilets, showers, tubs, sinks, washing machines,
dishwashers, water softeners and garbage disposals
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4. Types of on-lot sewage systems
The basic types of on-lot systems in eastern PA are:
• Cesspool
• Septic tanks with seepage pit
• Septic tanks or aerobic tank with seepage bed
• Septic tanks or aerobic tank tank with standard trenches
• Septic tanks or aerobic tank with elevated sand mound
• Other technologies not listed here are used in special
circumstances
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5. Cesspools and Septic Tanks with
Seepage Pits
• Cesspools and septic tanks with seepage pits are no
longer permitted for installation
• Many older homes with systems installed prior to
1970 may have these systems in use
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6. Cesspools
• Cesspools are constructed of open-jointed walls
(concrete block or stone) and open bottoms
• The solids in the wastewater settle to the bottom,
while the effluent seeps through the jointed walls
and bottom
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7. Septic Tanks with Seepage Pits
• The septic tank provides for the separation of solids
from the liquid while storing the accumulated solids
• The seepage pit allows the effluent from the septic
tank to infiltrate into the soil
• The seepage pit is constructed similarly to a
cesspool
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8. Septic Tank - Soil Absorption
Systems
• The septic tank is a watertight chamber constructed
of concrete
• One of the most important components of the
septic tank is the baffle
• The inlet baffle forces the wastewater from the
building sewer line down into the tank
• The outlet baffle prevents the scum layer from
moving into the soil absorption area
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9. Septic Tank-Soil Absorption Systems
• Septic tanks have an inspection port for checking
the condition of the inlet baffle
• Septic tanks also have a manhole access port for
cleaning the tank
• Older homes may need access risers placed on the
tanks to bring the manhole opening closer to grade
to allow for proper maintenance
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11. In-Ground Soil Absorption Areas
• The soil absorption area receives the liquid effluent from the
septic tanks and distributes it over a specific area
• The effluent then filters through the soil under the pipes and is
treated chemically and bacterially by the components of the
soil
• The size of the soil absorption area is based on the size of the
house and the percolation rate of the soil
• State law requires that there be at least four feet of usable soil
for the effluent to percolate through before it reaches the
water table
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12. Types of Conventional Soil Absorption
Areas
• The soil absorption area may be:
• An inground seepage bed
• A set of trenches
• An elevated sand mound
The type of system installed will depend on the slope
of the property, the depth of usable soil, and the
percolation rate
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13. In-Ground Seepage Bed
• For seepage beds, the entire absorption area is excavated
and lined with crushed stone
• The pipes (laterals) are then placed over the stone and the
entire bed area serves as an absorption area for the effluent
• Leaching chambers may be used in place of gravel
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14. Inground Trenches
• A standard trench absorption area consists of two or more
excavated trenches in which perforated pipes or laterals
distribute effluent into a layer of crushed stone under the
pipes
• The effluent is then absorbed into the soil where it is
renovated
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15. Gravity Distribution of Effluent
• Equal distribution of the effluent is very important to the
proper functioning of the system
• Most trenches and in-ground bed systems utilize gravity
distribution to the absorption from the septic tanks
• In all trench systems a distribution box is used to split the
flow equally to the individual laterals in the absorption area.
It is important that this box remain level.
• In most bed systems, a piping loop is used instead of a
distribution box
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16. Pressure Dosed Systems
• Some systems may require pressure distribution due to the
permeability characteristics of the soil
• In this type of system, the effluent from the septic tanks
flows by gravity into a dosing tank
• The dosing tank forces effluent through the distribution lines
in a controlled dose so that all pipes discharge effluent at
the same rate throughout the absorption area
• The pressure distribution system has two distinct
advantages
• The entire length of the lateral is utilized
• The soil absorption area is allowed to rest between doses
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17. Elevated Sand Mounds
• The elevated sand mound system is used in areas with reduced
permeability, shallow soils, and poor drainage characteristics
• Soils in these areas require the addition of sand above the ground to
provide for adequate renovation of the sewage prior to reaching the
water table
• The absorption area is constructed similarly to a standard seepage bed
or trench, except that the system is required to use pressure distribution
and a layer of sand must be placed between the crushed stone and the
natural soil cover
• A soil berm is placed around the mound to protect it and to provide a
suitable base for the establishment of a vegetative cover
• The mound is preceded by a dosing tank which must be equipped with
an audible and visual alarm system to alert the homeowner when a
pump failure occurs
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19. Aerobic Treatment Tanks
• An alternative to the septic tank is an aerobic treatment
tank
• These systems utilize an air compressor or a churning
propeller to maintain an aerobic environment for the
growth of aerobic microorganisms
• These microorganisms break down the sewage like the
anaerobic bacteria found in the septic tank
• Proper functioning of this type of treatment tank is highly
dependent upon the diligent maintenance of the mechanical
components of the aerobic system
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20. Have Questions?
Need Help?
Let us know how we can help you!
www.eldredgeseptic.com
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