The document discusses various sewer appurtenances including inlets, catch basins, cleanouts, manholes, and ventilation structures. Manholes are constructed at intervals along sewer lines to allow access for inspection, cleaning, and maintenance. They typically have access shafts, working chambers, inverts to connect sewer lines, and heavy covers. Sewer lines must be properly laid, joined, and tested for water tightness before backfilling trenches. Appurtenances assist in the efficient operation and maintenance of sewerage systems.
Sewer appurtenances are those structures and devices of a sewerage system which are constructed at suitable intervals along a sewer line to assist in the efficient operation and maintenance of the system. Following are the important sewer appurtenances: 1. Inlets 2. Catch Basins or Catch Pits 3. Clean-Outs 4.
sewer appurtenances ppt
sewer appurtenances and their details
types of appurtenances
appurtenances definition construction
appurtenances in construction
sewerage appurtenance
pipeline appurtenances definition
building appurtenances
sewerage appurtenance
sewer appurtenances and their details
appurtenances in construction
building appurtenances
appurtenances definition construction
types of appurtenances
pipeline appurtenances definition
Here you will get all information about sewer design, its type & various tests carried out on it for any leakage or any obstruction present and of improper joints.
Hydraulic Design of Sewer:
Hydraulic formulae, maximum and minimum velocities in sewer, hydraulic
characteristics of circular sewer in running full and partial full conditions,
laying and testing of sewer, sewer appurtenances and network.
Sewer appurtenances are those structures and devices of a sewerage system which are constructed at suitable intervals along a sewer line to assist in the efficient operation and maintenance of the system. Following are the important sewer appurtenances: 1. Inlets 2. Catch Basins or Catch Pits 3. Clean-Outs 4.
sewer appurtenances ppt
sewer appurtenances and their details
types of appurtenances
appurtenances definition construction
appurtenances in construction
sewerage appurtenance
pipeline appurtenances definition
building appurtenances
sewerage appurtenance
sewer appurtenances and their details
appurtenances in construction
building appurtenances
appurtenances definition construction
types of appurtenances
pipeline appurtenances definition
Here you will get all information about sewer design, its type & various tests carried out on it for any leakage or any obstruction present and of improper joints.
Hydraulic Design of Sewer:
Hydraulic formulae, maximum and minimum velocities in sewer, hydraulic
characteristics of circular sewer in running full and partial full conditions,
laying and testing of sewer, sewer appurtenances and network.
This presentation includes the estimation of storm sewage generated as a result of storm/rainfall events. It includes the detailed usage of rational formula for quantity estimation with solved examples.
Wastewater treatment is a process used to remove contaminants from wastewater and convert it into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle. Once returned to the water cycle, the effluent creates an acceptable impact on the environment or is reused for various purposes (called water reclamation).
Present slideshow provides brief introductory part of various Intake Structures. This is useful for Environmental Engineering Students, faculties and learners.
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
This presentation deals with the following appurtenances: Manholes; Flushing tanks, flushing manholes and clean outs; Interceptor tanks; (Inverted) siphons; Pumping stations; Gutters, storm water inlets and catch basins, and Other appurtenances.
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
it is a brief introductory part of what is house drainage system , its components with their classification , types of system of plumbing aided with principles of drainage design.
This presentation includes the estimation of storm sewage generated as a result of storm/rainfall events. It includes the detailed usage of rational formula for quantity estimation with solved examples.
Wastewater treatment is a process used to remove contaminants from wastewater and convert it into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle. Once returned to the water cycle, the effluent creates an acceptable impact on the environment or is reused for various purposes (called water reclamation).
Present slideshow provides brief introductory part of various Intake Structures. This is useful for Environmental Engineering Students, faculties and learners.
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
This presentation deals with the following appurtenances: Manholes; Flushing tanks, flushing manholes and clean outs; Interceptor tanks; (Inverted) siphons; Pumping stations; Gutters, storm water inlets and catch basins, and Other appurtenances.
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
it is a brief introductory part of what is house drainage system , its components with their classification , types of system of plumbing aided with principles of drainage design.
BUILDING DRAINAGE - Layout, Principles of drainage, Trap type, materials and functions, Inspection chambers, Design of Septic tanks and soak pits, Ventilation of house drains
Anti-syphonage or vent pipes, One and two pipe systems
Sinks, bath tub, water closets, flushing cisterns, urinals, wash basins, bidet, shower panel etc.
A building is provided with a drainage system to discharge effectively the sewage of the building into the public sewer. Domestic sewage from a building includes human excreta as well as discharge from the bathroom, kitchen, etc. and collected by building sewers and finally discharged into the public sewer.
Sewer appurtenances are the various accessories on the sewage system and are explained. also types of manhole and their classifications are explained along with sewer vent , storm water regulator, inverted siphon etc.
Plumbing services in high rise building and group housingRohit Bhatt
As well as the comforts and luxuries of modern living Plumbing systems protect the community from disease.
Invisible organisms that swim around in a watery environment was beyond imagination until a few centuries ago, it was only in the late 19th century that scientists discovered and isolated specific microbes of particular a disease, cholera, has proven one of history’s most virulent killers.
Mankind began to understand that the evil spirits causing its woes were microscopic creatures that could be defeated by plumbers and sanitary engineers. With well designed plumbing and draining systems.
As we go about our everyday lives it is comforting to know that people’s lives are protected by having Correctly Installed and maintained Plumbing Gasfitting and Draining Systems.
The arrangemnet provided in a house or building, for collecting and conveying waste
water through drain pipes, by gravity, to join either a public sewer or a domestic
septic tank, is termed as house drainage or building drainage.
ground water hydrology of Ethiopia.
Hydrology means the science of water. The science deals with occurrence, circulation, and distribution of water of the earth and earth’s atmosphere. Practical applications of hydrology are found in such tasks as the design and operation of hydraulic structures, water supply, wastewater treatment and disposal, irrigation, drainage, hydropower generation, flood control, navigation, erosion and sediment control, salinity control, pollution abatement, recreational use of water, and fish and wildlife protection. Hydrology may be considered to encompass all the hydro-sciences, or defined more strictly as the study of the hydrologic cycle, that is, the endless circulation of water between the earth and its atmosphere. Hydrologic knowledge is applied to the use and control of water resources on the land areas of the earth.
As the branch of science, hydrology is concerned with the water in streams and lakes, rainfall and snowfall, snow and ice on the land and water accruing below the earth’s surface in the pores of the soil & rocks. In general sense, hydrology is very broad subject of on inter-disciplinary nature drawing support from allied sciences, such as meteorology, geology, statistics, chemistry, physics and fluid mechanics hydrology is basically an applied science. It can be used in irrigation, drainage, flood control, water supply, etc. To further emphasize the degree (extent) of applicability, this subject is sometimes classified as: The three important phases of the hydrologic cycle are:
Evaporation and evapotranspiration
Precipitation and
Runoff and
The globe has one-third land and two-thirds Ocean. Evaporation from the surfaces of ponds, lakes, reservoirs, Ocean surfaces, etc. and transpiration from surface vegetation i.e., from plant leaves of cropped land and forests, etc. take place. These vapors rise to the sky, are condensed at higher altitudes by condensation nuclei, and form clouds, resulting in droplet growth. The clouds melt and sometimes burst to result in precipitation of different forms like rain, snow, hail, sleet, mist, dew, and frost. A part of this precipitation flows over the land called runoff and part infilters into the soil, which builds up the groundwater table. The surface runoff joins the streams and the water is stored in reservoirs. A portion of surface runoff and groundwater flow back to the ocean. Again, evaporation starts from the surfaces of lakes, reservoirs, and ocean, and the cycle repeats.
• Of these three phases of the hydrologic cycle, namely, evaporation, precipitation, and runoff, it is the ‘runoff phase’, which is important to a civil engineer since he is concerned with the storage of surface runoff in tanks and reservoirs for the purposes of irrigation, municipal water supply hydroelectric power, etc.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
2. Sewer Appurtenances
The Structure which are constructed along a sewer line at
suitable interval, to assist in efficient operation and
maintenance of the sewerage system
3. Inlets
Inlets is a device meant to admit the storm water or surface
wash flowing along a streets, into a storm sewer or a combine
sewer.
The Inlets are provided along the road side on straight roads at
interval of 30 m to 60 m.
They are connected to nearby manholes by pipelines.
Inlets are not necessary in case of separate sewers
7. Catch Basins or Catch pits
It is a structure in form of a chamber which is provided along
the sewer line to admit clear rain water free from silt, grits,
debris, etc into the combine sewer.
It is nothing but street inlets provided with additional small
settling basins.
Also hood is provided to prevent the escapes of foul gases.
When Road were not good, catch pits were mostly used
9. Clean outs
It is a inclined pipe with its one end connected with underground
sewer line and other end brought up to ground level, with proper
cover at the top.
It is provided at upper end of lateral sewers in place of man holes.
They are generally used for cleaning the sewers.
Water is forced into the clean out pipe, for removing large
obstruction, flexible rod may be inserted in the sewer line through
clean out.
11. Man holes
Manhole is a masonry or RCC chamber, constructed at
suitable interval along the sewer diameter.
The purpose of inspection, testing, cleaning and removal of
obstruction from the sewer line.
It also help in joining sewer lines or in changing the direction
or alignment or both.
12. Location of Manholes
It may provided at every bends, junctions, change of gradients
or change of sewer diameter.
The spacing between two sewer depend upon diameter of
sewer.
Size of sewer Recommended Spacing
Dia. up to 0.3 m 45 m
Dia. up to 0.6 m 75 m
Dia. up to 0.9 m 90 m
Dia. up to 1.2 m 120 m
Dia. up to 1.5 m 250 m
Dia. Greater than 1.5 m 300 m
14. Shallow Manhole(Inspection chamber)
Shallow manhole is about 0.7 to 0.9m in depth.
It may constructed at a start of Branch sewer or at places
which are not subjected to heavy traffic.
It is provided with a light cover at its top.
15. Normal Manhole
Normal manhole is about 1.5m in depth.
They are constructed either square (1m X 1m) or Rectangular
(0.8m X 1.2m) in cross section.
The Section of such manhole is not changed with depth.
It is provided with heavy cover at its top.
16. Deep Manhole
Deep manhole has depth greater than 1.5m.
The size of that manholes vary with depth.
At top reduce the size of manhole cover.
Steps are provided on one vertical wall of manhole to enable
the worker to go up to the bottom.
Heavy cover at its top with C.I. Frame.
18. Dimension of Manhole
Minimum internal dimension for manhole chambers as
recommended by IS 1742-1960.Sr No. Depth Min. size specifield
1 0.80 m or less 0.75 X 0.75 m
2 0.8 m to 2.1 m 1.20 X 0.9 m
3 Greater than 2.1 m Circular chamber with min. 1.4 m
Rectangular chamber 1.2 X 0.9 m
19. Component of Manholes
Access shaft
Working Chamber
Bottom or Invert
Side walls
Steps or ladder
Top cover and frame
20. Access Shaft
The Upper portion of deep manhole is called access shaft.
Minimum dimension of it 0.6 X 0.75 m for Rectangular shaft
0.6 to 0.75 m dia. For circular shaft.
Depth of access shaft equal to depth of manhole minus height
required for working chamber.
21. Working Chamber
The lower portion of a manhole is known as working chamber.
It provide space for carryout the repair works.
The min size of working chamber for rectangular manhole is
about 0.9 X 1.2 m
For circular section manhole is about 1.2m dia.
The height of working chamber should not less than 1.8
22. Bottom or invert
The bottom part or invert or benching is constructed in cement
concrete.
It may be semi circular or u shaped channel is constructed.
When branch sewer and main sewer meet at the same level at
bottom of sewer it may be constructed.
23. Side wall
The side wall of manhole are made of brick or stone masonry or
RCC.
The minimum thickness of brick wall should be 22.5cm.
The inside and outside of brickwork should be plastered 20mm
thick with 1:2 cement plaster.
Approximate thickness of side walls may be computed from thumb rule
T = 10 * 4d
Where d = depth of manhole in meter
24. Steps or ladder
It may provided on one vertical wall to enable the workers to go
up to the bottom.
The steps are made of C.I. and are placed in staggered at a
horizontal distance about 20 cm to 25 cm and vertical distance of
about 30 cm.
In deep manhole, ladders provided.
25. Top cover and frame
The manhole is provided heavy C I cover set in suitable C I Frame.
The depth of the frame is kept 20 to 25 cm and its width is kept 30 cm.
It is firmly embedded in the pavement and the cover rests in the
groove which is kept inside.
Cover may be rectangular or circular.
The size of cover for rectangular shape 0.6 X 0.45 m and for circular
its being 0.5 to 0.6m dia.
The top surface carry out mark which placed so that it show the
direction of flow of sewage.
26. Deep Manhole
Special type of manhole which is constructed to provide a
connection between high level branch sewer to a low level main
sewer.
When the branch sewer enters a manhole by more than 0.5 to 0.6
m, above the main sewer, the sewage is not allowed to fall directly
into a manhole.
It may brought through a down pipe taken from the branch sewer
to bottom of the manhole.
If the drop may be few meter, the down pipe should be laid at 45
angle
28. Lamp Holes
Small opening constructed on sewer to permits the insertion of
a lamp into a sewer.
The lamp light is viewed from the upstream as well as
downstream manholes.
It consist of vertical CI or stoneware pipe, 20 to 30 cm in dia.
Extending from the ground and connected to sewer line
through a T junction.
30. Flushing Tanks
Sewer laid on flat gradient may not produce non cleaning
velocity and may get blocked frequently.
If the non cleaning velocity is not available, flushing tanks
provided near the dead end point.
Flushing tank store water temporarily, and throw it into the
sewer for purpose of flushing and cleaning the sewer.
Capacity of flushing tanks about 1/10th of cubical contents of
sewer line served by it.
31. Types of Flushing Tank
Automatic flushing tank
Hand operated flushing tank
33. Sand Grease
Waste water from hotels, restaurants, kitchen and industrial
contains grease, oil and fats required to be removed before
wastewater enters in to sewer.
If it not removed it will stick to the surface of sewer and
became hard and obstruct the flow.
35. Necessity Ventilation
Continuous flow
Disposal of sewer gases
Prevention of unpleasant odours
It provide fresh air to workers engaged in the repairs and
cleaning of sewer.
36. Methods of Ventilation
Ventilating columns or shaft
Proper design and construction of sewer
Proper house drainage system
Use of mechanical devices
38. Laying of sewer
Sewer lying in the ground at design slope.
The entire process is to be carried out maintaining all safety measures at
all levels of works.
Marking centre line of sewer pipes of a sewer line on plan of the area and
show the appurtenances on the centre line.
Excavation of trenches, sheeting bracing, and dewatering is necessary.
Laying the sewer pipe and joining it.
Testing of sewer line.
Backfilling of trenches.
39. Precautions
Speed limit, work progress boards must be displayed at proper
places.
Proper protection work is carried out for those structure whose
foundation are very near to excavated trenches.
Temporary railing should be provided along the periphery of
trenches.
The work of laying the sewer in trenches should be completed
as soon as possible, delay in it cause inconvenience to traffic.
40. Excavation of Trenches
The alignment of sewer line either along the centre line or road or
along the periphery.
Remove the pavements or cut along the edges of trenches.
Excavation of trenches can be done manually or with the trenching
machines.
Trench width depends upon sewer diameter and depth of sewer
line below ground level.
Large size sewers trench width should be 15 cm more than dia. of
sewer so that lowering and adjusting of sewer can be easily done.
41. Excavation of Trenches
The minimum trench width from 60 to 100 cm is required for
conveniently lowering, lying and joining the sewer.
Smaller size sewers the trench of width 15 cm greater than
dia. is excavated but at the end of the sewer the trench width
has to be kept 60 to 80 cm.
42. Testing of Sewer
It determine the quantity of leakage and identify the leakage
points in the joints.
Water test
Air test
43. Water test
Water from the downward end is filled to sewer.
Upper end of sewer air release pipe along with stopcock is fitted.
Upper and lower end is plugged but funnel is fitted to it to pur
water in sewer.
All air expelled from upper end.
Water level in the upper end pipe is noted 30 minutes and total loss
in water computed.
Total loss not greater than 15ml for small dia. And 30ml for larger
pipe dia. pipe of 100m
44. Air test
When the pipe is very large air test is used for identify the
leaking joints.
Air is filled with pressure by hand pump and pressure of 200
mm of water is developed.
If the water drop below 75mm, there are necessary to find out
leaking joints.
Detect of leakage points is to sprinkle soap water which shall show foam formation if
leakage is more.