1. A time dosed system distributes effluent through small diameter pressurized laterals with orifices, while a "pump and dump" system uses larger non-pressurized laterals.
2. Key components of a time dosed system include a septic tank, dosing tank, pump, disposal area of small diameter laterals with orifices, and a programmable timer to control pump cycles.
3. Design of a time dosed system involves calculating orifice spacing and size, lateral diameter, pump size, dose volume, run time, and number of doses per day to ensure uniform distribution without overloading the soil.
Water Pumps, Necessity of Pumping, Kinds of Pumps (Reciprocating Pump, Centrifugal Pump, Rotary Pump, Turbine Pump, Air Lift Pump), Power for Pumps, Selection of Pumps, Principles of Pumping, Pumping Station, Site Selection for Pumping Station... By Engr. M. Jalal Sarwar
Pipex FASTBUILD™ Packaged Pumping Stations can be supplied complete with Pipex FASTBUILD™ Valve Chambers and Pipex CHEMSAFE™ Pipe Systems heavy gauge HDPE rising mains. Alternatively the chambers can be supplied standalone for connection to any concrete, plastic, clay, FRP, cast iron or metallic drainage pipe system as required.
Water Pumps, Necessity of Pumping, Kinds of Pumps (Reciprocating Pump, Centrifugal Pump, Rotary Pump, Turbine Pump, Air Lift Pump), Power for Pumps, Selection of Pumps, Principles of Pumping, Pumping Station, Site Selection for Pumping Station... By Engr. M. Jalal Sarwar
Pipex FASTBUILD™ Packaged Pumping Stations can be supplied complete with Pipex FASTBUILD™ Valve Chambers and Pipex CHEMSAFE™ Pipe Systems heavy gauge HDPE rising mains. Alternatively the chambers can be supplied standalone for connection to any concrete, plastic, clay, FRP, cast iron or metallic drainage pipe system as required.
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
Micro irrigation is defined as the frequent application of small quantities of water directly above and below the soil surface; usually as discrete drops, continuous drops or tiny streams through emitters placed along a water delivery line.
Effective water management is critical to both open-pit and sub-surface mining operations. Mine dewatering is an essential part of resource extraction, as it lowers the water table around the mine or quarry. Effectively managed dewatering processes typically employ continuous water level monitoring.
LARGE SCALE INSTALLATION OF SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE SYSTEM Tushar Dholakia
LARGE SCALE INSTALLATION OF SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE SYSTEM in Chambal Command, Rajasthan - Er. C.M. Tejawat, F.I.E., P. Eng., B.E. (Ag.), M.Sc. (Land Drainage Engineering) Deputy Director (Monitoring), CAD Chambal, Kota (Raj.)
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
Micro irrigation is defined as the frequent application of small quantities of water directly above and below the soil surface; usually as discrete drops, continuous drops or tiny streams through emitters placed along a water delivery line.
Effective water management is critical to both open-pit and sub-surface mining operations. Mine dewatering is an essential part of resource extraction, as it lowers the water table around the mine or quarry. Effectively managed dewatering processes typically employ continuous water level monitoring.
LARGE SCALE INSTALLATION OF SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE SYSTEM Tushar Dholakia
LARGE SCALE INSTALLATION OF SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE SYSTEM in Chambal Command, Rajasthan - Er. C.M. Tejawat, F.I.E., P. Eng., B.E. (Ag.), M.Sc. (Land Drainage Engineering) Deputy Director (Monitoring), CAD Chambal, Kota (Raj.)
Piping components, materials, codes and standards part 1- pipeAlireza Niakani
The course is focused on four areas: piping components, pipe materials and manufacture, sizes, codes and standards. Applicable piping codes for oil and gas facilities (ISO, B31.3, B31.4, B31.8, etc.), pipe sizing calculations, pipe installation, and materials selection are an integral part of the course. The emphasis is on proper material selection and specification of piping systems.
Jan Heeger from Red Cross Netherlands gave a presentation on pit emptying devices in emergency situations during the Faecal Sludge Management Lunch Meeting in The Hague, The Netherlands, on 17 April 2014.
This meeting was organised by IRC with support from DGIS.
Deals with the primary treatment of sewage specially for the removal of suspended solids and also for the stabilization of the separated solids. treatment, design and performance details of primary clarifiers, anaerobic ponds, UASB reactors, UASB ponds, and baffled anaerobic reactors are covered in this presentation..
Sedimentation is an effective techniques involved for treatment of waste water . Various sedimentation techniques are employed world wide for the purpose.
Plain sedimentation is the simplest technique involving quiescent settling or storage of water, such as would take place in a reservoir, lake, or basin, without the aid of chemicals, preferably for a month or longer, particularly if the source water is a sewage-polluted river water.
This presentation covers various plain sedimentation tanks & design considerations of the same .
If you like it ,Please press the thumb up button & donot forget to give your feedback in comments section, it would be extremely valuable . Any query ? Feel free to post in comments section. All the best ! Enjoy !
Mark Rice - Planning for Emergency Mass-Depopulation of Swine in Response to ...John Blue
Planning for Emergency Mass-Depopulation of Swine in Response to a Foreign Animal Disease Outbreak - Mark Rice, North Carolina State University, from the 2015 World Pork Expo, June 3 - 5, 2015, Des Moines, IA, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-world-pork-expo
3. So here’s what we’ll learn about:
Basic System Layout
Operations
Major Components of Each System
•Identify differences for each system
•Design criteria (engineering standpoint)
•Examples
Field Example - Conversion
4. Background
• Major Components of a Traditional Gravity System
• Septic Tank • Drain field (Disposal Area)
• Distribution Box
7. “Pump & Dump”
• Septic Tank • Raised or at Grade
• Dosing Chamber • Traditional Trench or Bed
• Pump • Containing 4” PVC Diameter
• Conventional Disposal Area Laterals (Non-pressurized)
Types
8. Time Dose
• Septic Tank • Traditional Trench or Bed
• Dosing Tank • Containing Small Diameter
• Pump Laterals (1”-2”)
• Conventional Disposal Area • Lateral with Orifices (small holes)
• Raised or at Grade • Pressurized System
Types
12. Septic Tank
• Remains the same size for the 3 systems
• Traditional Gravity
• Pump & Dump
• Time Dose Septic Tank
• Sizing is currently based on hold time
Major Components Dosing Tank
• 24-hours or 72-hours (food service)
• Exception (minimal size –typically 1,000 Pump
gals)
Disposal Area
• Purpose – Pretreatment (separate - solids,
FOG, liquid)
Major Components
13. Septic Tank
• Example #1
• 2,400 gallons per day
• Non-Food Service Establishment
• Loamy Sand Septic Tank
• Typically perform topographic and
Dosing Tank
boundary survey, soils evaluation and flow
determination to determine constraints
Pump
• Septic Tank Size = 24-hour flow
• Therefore minimum tank size = 2,400 Disposal Area
gallons
Major Components
15. “Pump & Dump”
• Sizing
• Dosing Chamber
• The liquid capacity of the dosing tank must
be sufficient to dose the soil absorption
Septic Tank
field or bed no more than three (3) to four
(4) times a day at design flow.
Dosing Tank
• Pump
• Pumps should be sized to empty the dosing Pump
tank in no more than 20 minutes.
• Automatic alternating pumps shall be Disposal Area
provided in all systems where design flow
exceeds 2,000 gallons/day and in locations
where continuous reliability is essential.
Major Components
16. “Pump & Dump”
• Example #2
• 2,400 gallons per day
• Non-Food Service Establishment
• Loamy Sand Septic Tank
• Since Flow > 2,000 gallons per day, design
Dosing Tank
system with 2 pumps
Pump
Disposal Area
Major Components
17. “Pump & Dump”
• Example #3
• 2 Pumps to 1 Disposal Area
• Dose Chamber = 2,400 / 3 = 800 gal
• Dose Chamber = 2,400 / 4 = 600 gal Septic Tank
• Dosing Tank Size = 1,000 gallon – 1,200
Dosing Tank
gallon
Pump
Disposal Area
Major Components
18. “Pump & Dump”
• Example #4
• 2 Pumps to ½ of the disposal area each
• Dose Chamber = 2,400 / 6 = 400 gal
• Dose Chamber = 2,400 / 8 = 300 gal Septic Tank
• Dosing Tank Size about 500-750 gallon
Dosing Tank
Pump
Disposal Area
Major Components
19. “Pump & Dump”
• Example #5
• Pumps should be sized to empty the
dosing tank in no more than 20 minutes.
• 300 gallons / 20 minutes = 15 gpm Septic Tank
(minimum)
• Pumps need 2 items to specify Dosing Tank
• GPM
Pump
• TDH (Total Dynamic Head)
• TDH = Static Lift + Friction Lost Disposal Area
• Friction Loss also known as “head lost” is
divided into two main categories, "major
losses" associated with energy loss per
length of pipe, and "minor losses"
associated with bends, fittings, valves, etc.
Major Components
21. “Pump & Dump”
• Disposal Area Sizing
• Absorption systems shall be sized on the
basis of the maximum daily sewage flows,
according to the following table:
Septic Tank
Dosing Tank
Pump
Disposal Area
Major Components
22. “Pump & Dump”
• Example #6
• 2,400 gallons/day
• Non-Food Service Establishment
• Loamy Sand Septic Tank
• Assuming a trench layout:
Dosing Tank
• Loamy Sand = 0.75 gal per day / square
foot Pump
• 2,400 g.p.d. / 0.75 g.p.d./sq.ft. = 3,200 sq.
ft. Disposal Area
Major Components
23. “Pump & Dump”
• Example #7 – Network Layout
• 3,200 sq. ft. bottom area required
• Assume trench is 3’ wide: 3,200 / 3’ =
1,070 LF of trench required Septic Tank
• Probably use 12 trenches that are 90 feet
long x 3’ wide with 4’ undisturbed earth Dosing Tank
between trenches.
Pump
• With 2 pumps, each pump would
discharge to 6 of the 12 trenches. Disposal Area
Major Components
25. Time Dose
• Septic Tank • Traditional Trench or Bed
• Dosing Tank • Containing Small Diameter
• Pump Laterals (1”-2”)
• Conventional Disposal Area • Lateral with Orifices (small holes)
• Raised or at Grade • Pressurized System
Major Components
26. Time Dose
• Why Time Dose?
• Pressure distribution is a recent modification to the
conventional dosed sewage system. Uniform distribution
over the bottom area of the drain field is achieved and
provides certain advantages over conventional systems as
follows:
1. Formation of the clogging mat is substantially delayed.
2. System provides for unsaturated flow into underlying soil.
3. System design is not limited to rectangular configuration.
Major Components
27. Time Dose
• Why Time Dose?
Same Different
Septic Tank x
Conventional Disposal Area x
Raised or at Grade x
Traditional Trench or Bed x
Containing Small Diameter Laterals (1”-2”) x
Lateral with Orifices (small holes) x
Pump x
Dosing Tank x
Major Components
28. Time Dose
• Order of Design
• Septic Tank – Same (based on retention time)
• Disposal Area Network
• Orifices (small holes) – Spacing & Size
• Laterals Diameter
• Pump
• Dosing Tank
Major Components
30. Time Dose
1. Configure Disposal Area Network
2. Determine Length of Lateral
• Example: 2,400 gallons per day, Non-Food
Service Establishment, Loamy Sand Septic Tank
• Assuming a trench layout:
• Loamy Sand = 0.75 gal per day / sq. foot Disposal Area
• 2,400 g.p.d. / 0.75 g.p.d./sq.ft. = 3,200 sq. Pump
ft.
• Assume trench is 3’ wide: Dosing Tank
• 3,200 / 3’ = 1070 LF of trench required
• Use 12 trenches that are 90 feet long x 3’
wide with 4’ undisturbed earth between
trenches
Major Components
31. Time Dose
3. Determine “orifice” spacing and size
• Michigan Criteria for Subsurface Sewage Disposal
reference “Pressure Distribution Network Design
Manual,” Technical Guide for Pressure Mound Systems
(June 2003 MDEQ)
• Pressure distribution system design should generally comply with Septic Tank
currently accepted design practice including the following features:
• Design shall provide uniform doses with no more than 0.5 gallons
per orifice per dose.
Disposal Area
• Distribution cell area per orifice shall not exceed 12 sq.ft.
• To reduce orifice plugging, high head pumps are recommended. Pump
• Orifice shields should be provided.
• Provisions for flushing must be incorporated at the ends of all
laterals. Dosing Tank
• Geotextile fabric which prevents the downward migration of fine
materials but allows for free passage of air and water should be
placed over the stone in the distribution cell prior to placement of
final cover.
Major Components
32. Time Dose
3. Determine “orifice” spacing and size
• Distribution cell area per orifice shall not
exceed 12 sq.ft.
• Spacing is typically 3-5 feet apart (some
Septic Tank
health department code books dictate
spacing. Disposal Area
• If the trench is 3’ wide and each orifice is
to “distribute” effluent to 12 sq.ft. than Pump
spacing is 4’ apart
Dosing Tank
Major Components
33. Time Dose
3. Determine “orifice” spacing and size
• Orifice sizes can range from 1/8” diameter
to 5/8” diameter.
• Typically 1/8”, 3/16” or 1/4” diameter Septic Tank
• 3/16” diameter is most common sized
used Disposal Area
• Larger holes will be problematic on finding
Pump
a pump to produce adequate design flow
• Some health departments provides Dosing Tank
recommended size
• Ultimately up to the design engineer
Major Components
34. Time Dose
4. Determine lateral pipe diameter
Septic Tank
Disposal Area
Pump
Dosing Tank
Want the 1st orifice to distribute approximately equal to the last
orifice (this table is for 3/16” orifices)
Major Components
35. Time Dose
5. Determine Number of Orifices/Lateral
• # of orifices = Length of Lateral / Spacing
of orifice
• Example: 90 ft lateral / 4 ft spacing = 23 Septic Tank
orifices
Disposal Area
Pump
Dosing Tank
Major Components
37. Time Dose
6. Determine Lateral Discharge Rate
Septic Tank
Disposal Area
Pump
Dosing Tank
If 3/16” orifice with 4 ft pressure = 0.83 gal/orifice
23 orifice / lateral x 0.83 gal/orifice = 19.09 gal/lateral
Major Components
38. Time Dose
7. Determine Network Discharge Rate (zone)
• Determine how many laterals are in the
network (per pump or zone) and multiple
by GPM per lateral
Septic Tank
• 12 trenches (laterals) with each pump
utilizing 6 laterals each (network has 2 Disposal Area
zones)
• 6 laterals x 19.09 gal / lateral = 114.5 gpm Pump
• This is the minimum pump flow required Dosing Tank
Major Components
39. Time Dose
• Pump Comparison Sizing
• Pump & Dump”
• 20 minutes to empty septic tank
• Time Dose Septic Tank
• # of orifices (more orifices = more gpm)
• Size of Orifices (larger orifices = more gpm) Disposal Area
• Spacing of orifices (closer space = more
Pump
gpm)
• Example: 15 gpm vs. 114.5 (6 – 90’ Dosing Tank
trenches per pump)
• Each on is dosing 1,600 sq ft of area
• “Pump & Dump” = 20 minutes
• Time Dose = very short timeframe
Major Components
40. Time Dose
8. Calculate Manifold Size
9. Determine the Total Dynamic Head
• TDH = Static Lift + Friction Lost +
Perforation Head Septic Tank
• Perforation head = 1.3(Q/(11.79*d^2))^2
Disposal Area
• Perforation head = 1.3(squirt height)
10. Select Pump Pump
• Pumps need 2 items to specify (GPM &
Dosing Tank
TDH)
• Repeat if necessary
Major Components
43. Time Dose
11. Determine Dose Volume
• Technical Guide for Pressure Mound
Systems (June 2003 MDEQ)
• Design shall provide uniform doses with no
Septic Tank
more than 0.5 gallons per orifice per dose.
• Example: 6 laterals with 23 orifices per Disposal Area
lateral = 138 orifices
• 138 orifices x 0.5 gal per orifice dose rate = Pump
69 gals per dose
Dosing Tank
Major Components
44. Time Dose
12. Calculate Run Time of Pump
• Run Time = (Dose Volume + “Empty” Pipe
Volume) / Pump Rate
• Example: Septic Tank
• Dose Volume = 69 gallons
• Volume to “fill” pipe = 17 gallons Disposal Area
• Pump Rate = 114.5 gpm
Pump
• Run Time = (69 gal +17 gal) / 114.5 gpm =
0.75 minutes = 45 seconds Dosing Tank
Major Components
45. Time Dose
13. Calculate Number of Doses/Day
• Gallons per day = 2,400
• Gallons per dose = 69
• Doses per day = 2400 / 69 = 34 doses Septic Tank
• Therefore each pump will operate 17
Disposal Area
times per day
Pump
Dosing Tank
Major Components
46. Time Dose
• Calculation Check
• Dose = 0.5 gallons / dose / orifice
• # of doses per day = 17
• Gallons per day / orifice = 8.5 gallons Septic Tank
• Soil Load Rate 0.75 gal/sq. ft.
Disposal Area
• Each orifice is dosing 12 sq. ft.
• Dose < 0.75 gal/sq. ft. x 12 sq. ft. = 9 Pump
gallons
Dosing Tank
• Numbers check
Major Components
47. Time Dose
14. Calculate Programmable Timer Settings
• Previous step determined number times a
pump turns on (34 times)
• If want to equal dose over 22 hours Septic Tank
(account for peak days)
• Duration is up to the design engineer Disposal Area
• 22 hours x 60 min/hour = 1320 minutes
Pump
• 1320 minutes / 34 times = 38.8 minutes
• Therefore a pump will run 45 seconds and Dosing Tank
no pump will run for 38 minutes
• (76 minutes off time per pump)
Major Components
48. Time Dose
15. Size the Dose Chamber
• Up to the judgment of the engineer
• Based on off time and timing of incoming
flow Septic Tank
Disposal Area
Pump
Dosing Tank
Major Components