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Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Retrovirus, microbiology
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IMMUNODEFICIENCY
VIRUS
- HIV (RETROVIRUSES) [Microbiology]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hiv-210829163932/85/HIV-1-320.jpg)
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HIV
HIV is a virus that infects and destroys cells of the immune system. It progresses to AIDS if untreated, defined by a CD4 count below 200 or opportunistic infections. HIV is transmitted through bodily fluids and progresses from initial infection, to asymptomatic clinical latency for around 10 years, to symptomatic disease as the immune system deteriorates. Diagnosis involves antibody and viral load testing. While there is no cure, treatment with antiretroviral drugs can suppress the virus. Prevention strategies include condom use, sterile needle use, monogamy, and abstinence from high risk activities.
HIV Infection- A summary
Structure of Virus, modes of transmission, pathogenesis, clinical features, biochemical basis of clinical symptoms, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
01.02 biology of hiv
HIV is a retrovirus with an RNA genome that causes AIDS. It has two types, HIV-1 which causes the worldwide pandemic and HIV-2 which is found mainly in West Africa. HIV-1 has many subtypes that differ in their geographic distribution. The virus has an outer membrane with glycoprotein spikes that allow it to bind to and enter host cells. It contains enzymes like reverse transcriptase and integrase that help its replication cycle of binding to host cells, integrating its genetic material into the host DNA, producing new viral proteins and particles, and ultimately destroying CD4 cells and weakening the immune system. Antiretroviral drugs target specific stages of this replication cycle to suppress the virus.
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Hiv transmission
HIV is a retrovirus that causes AIDS by destroying CD4 cells and weakening the immune system. It can be transmitted through unprotected sex, contaminated blood or needles, or from mother to child. While not curable, HIV is manageable with antiretroviral treatment. People progress through acute, asymptomatic, symptomatic, and AIDS stages over many years without treatment. Opportunistic infections often cause death in late stage AIDS when CD4 counts drop very low. Testing and prevention strategies like abstinence, monogamy, condoms and sterile needles can help control the epidemic.
HIV and AIDS - Microbiology
This document summarizes key information about HIV and AIDS. It describes HIV as a lentivirus that causes AIDS by destroying CD4 cells and weakening the immune system. The virus is able to infect non-dividing cells. It originated in West-Central Africa and is transmitted through bodily fluids. While there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, antiretroviral treatment can suppress the virus and prevent the onset of AIDS, allowing those infected to live long lives. Early diagnosis and preventative measures like safe sex and clean needles are important to prevent transmission of HIV.
Hiv Aids
This document provides an overview of HIV and AIDS, including epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis, clinical features, and management. Some key points:
- HIV is now the 4th leading cause of death worldwide, with over 34 million people infected globally as of 2000, most in sub-Saharan Africa.
- Transmission occurs primarily via sexual contact and mother-to-child transmission. Diagnosis involves detecting antibodies or detecting the virus directly via PCR.
- Clinical stages progress from acute infection to asymptomatic infection to symptomatic infection to AIDS, defined as CD4 count below 200. Common opportunistic infections include tuberculosis, candidiasis, and pneumocystis pneumonia.
- Management involves antiretrov
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HIV
HIV is a virus that infects and destroys cells of the immune system. It progresses to AIDS if untreated, defined by a CD4 count below 200 or opportunistic infections. HIV is transmitted through bodily fluids and progresses from initial infection, to asymptomatic clinical latency for around 10 years, to symptomatic disease as the immune system deteriorates. Diagnosis involves antibody and viral load testing. While there is no cure, treatment with antiretroviral drugs can suppress the virus. Prevention strategies include condom use, sterile needle use, monogamy, and abstinence from high risk activities.
HIV Infection- A summary
Structure of Virus, modes of transmission, pathogenesis, clinical features, biochemical basis of clinical symptoms, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
01.02 biology of hiv
HIV is a retrovirus with an RNA genome that causes AIDS. It has two types, HIV-1 which causes the worldwide pandemic and HIV-2 which is found mainly in West Africa. HIV-1 has many subtypes that differ in their geographic distribution. The virus has an outer membrane with glycoprotein spikes that allow it to bind to and enter host cells. It contains enzymes like reverse transcriptase and integrase that help its replication cycle of binding to host cells, integrating its genetic material into the host DNA, producing new viral proteins and particles, and ultimately destroying CD4 cells and weakening the immune system. Antiretroviral drugs target specific stages of this replication cycle to suppress the virus.
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Short presentation about HIV AIDS describing it's microbiology; structure,pathogenesis,symptoms of AIDS,laboratory diagnosis and treatment.
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Hiv transmission
HIV is a retrovirus that causes AIDS by destroying CD4 cells and weakening the immune system. It can be transmitted through unprotected sex, contaminated blood or needles, or from mother to child. While not curable, HIV is manageable with antiretroviral treatment. People progress through acute, asymptomatic, symptomatic, and AIDS stages over many years without treatment. Opportunistic infections often cause death in late stage AIDS when CD4 counts drop very low. Testing and prevention strategies like abstinence, monogamy, condoms and sterile needles can help control the epidemic.
HIV and AIDS - Microbiology
This document summarizes key information about HIV and AIDS. It describes HIV as a lentivirus that causes AIDS by destroying CD4 cells and weakening the immune system. The virus is able to infect non-dividing cells. It originated in West-Central Africa and is transmitted through bodily fluids. While there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, antiretroviral treatment can suppress the virus and prevent the onset of AIDS, allowing those infected to live long lives. Early diagnosis and preventative measures like safe sex and clean needles are important to prevent transmission of HIV.
Hiv Aids
This document provides an overview of HIV and AIDS, including epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis, clinical features, and management. Some key points:
- HIV is now the 4th leading cause of death worldwide, with over 34 million people infected globally as of 2000, most in sub-Saharan Africa.
- Transmission occurs primarily via sexual contact and mother-to-child transmission. Diagnosis involves detecting antibodies or detecting the virus directly via PCR.
- Clinical stages progress from acute infection to asymptomatic infection to symptomatic infection to AIDS, defined as CD4 count below 200. Common opportunistic infections include tuberculosis, candidiasis, and pneumocystis pneumonia.
- Management involves antiretrov
Microbiology hiv-yf
This document summarizes key information about HIV/AIDS, including its history, virology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It describes how HIV was first identified in 1981 as the cause of AIDS, belongs to the retrovirus family, and has two types, HIV-1 and HIV-2. Over 30 million people have died of AIDS since 1981, and approximately 2.5 million people are newly infected with HIV each year.
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A modified form of HIV is being tested as a potential treatment for cancer. Researchers are removing patients' T-cells and using HIV to insert genes that program the cells to recognize and attack cancer. The modified T-cells are multiplied and reinfused into patients, where they act like "serial killers" against the cancer cells. In initial tests, two patients saw their cancers drastically reduced or eliminated, with up to five pounds of tumor cells disappearing. The modified T-cells have also been shown to persist in the body for over a year, reactivating to kill new cancer cells. One six-year-old girl with leukemia that was not responding to other treatments saw her cancer go into remission after this experimental HIV therapy
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This document summarizes key information about HIV/AIDS, including:
- HIV was discovered in 1983-1984 and is the cause of AIDS. It infects and destroys CD4 cells.
- HIV has three main genes - gag, pol, and env. Gag codes for core proteins, pol codes for enzymes, and env codes for envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41.
- HIV attaches to host cells via gp120 binding to CD4 receptors, then fuses and enters the cell. It replicates by converting RNA to DNA via reverse transcriptase.
- As CD4 cells decline due to infection, opportunistic infections can occur, eventually leading to AIDS if untreated. Common
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The document summarizes key information about HIV/AIDS, including:
1) HIV is a lentivirus that causes AIDS by progressively destroying the immune system, allowing other infections to thrive. Once infected, the body cannot rid itself of HIV.
2) Scientists believe HIV originated from chimpanzees in West Africa and was transmitted to humans through contact with their blood.
3) HIV is classified as a retrovirus and exists as two types, HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is more widespread and virulent.
4) There is no cure for HIV, but treatment with antiretroviral drugs can control the virus and prevent transmission.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease: AIDS
Retroviruses contain reverse transcriptase that converts viral RNA into DNA. The two families of human retroviruses are deltaretroviruses like HTLV-1 and -2, and lentiviruses like HIV-1 and -2. HIV's surface and transmembrane proteins facilitate entry and its protease and reverse transcriptase carry out key functions in its lifecycle. AIDS was first recognized in 1981 in association with opportunistic infections and cancers in gay men. HIV was identified as the causative agent in 1983. HIV is transmitted sexually, through blood or breastmilk. Without treatment, HIV progresses from acute infection to AIDS over approximately 10 years. Diagnosis involves ELISA and Western blot antibody tests and CD4/viral
Human immunodeficiency virus
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that causes AIDS. It is transmitted through bodily fluids and attacks CD4+ T cells of the immune system. The disease progresses through three stages as the number of CD4+ cells declines, resulting in opportunistic infections. Diagnosis involves antibody and viral load tests, while treatment is with antiretroviral drugs. Prevention strategies focus on safe sex practices, needle safety, and screening of pregnant women to prevent mother-to-child transmission.
AIDS
This document summarizes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) and HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). It discusses that AIDS is caused by HIV, which belongs to the lentivirus family (HIV-1 and HIV-2) and targets CD4 T-cells. HIV transmission occurs through sexual contact, blood exposure, and from mother to infant. The life cycle and structure of HIV is also outlined. The clinical features of AIDS are described in three stages: acute, chronic, and crisis phases. Treatment options like antiretroviral therapy and acupuncture are also mentioned.
Aids
AIDS is caused by HIV, a retrovirus that profoundly suppresses immunity. It is characterized by opportunistic infections, cancers, and neurological symptoms as it destroys CD4+ T-cells. The virus can be transmitted sexually or vertically from mother to child. After initial infection, HIV enters a chronic phase where it replicates in lymph tissues while gradually eroding immunity. Without treatment, this progresses to a crisis phase with full AIDS defined by severe opportunistic infections as CD4+ T-cells fall below 200 cells/ul.
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This document summarizes HIV and retroviruses. It discusses that retroviruses possess reverse transcriptase which converts viral RNA to DNA. HIV is classified as a lentivirus that causes AIDS. HIV was discovered in 1983 and is the causative agent of AIDS. It is a retrovirus with an RNA genome and envelope. The virus enters host cells using envelope proteins gp120 and gp41 to bind CD4 receptors. The virus has structural and regulatory genes. Infection progresses from primary infection to clinical latency to AIDS as CD4 counts decline. Opportunistic infections occur when CD4 counts drop below 200. Common infections include PCP, CMV, TB, candidiasis and cancers like Kaposi's sarcoma.
Window period of HIV
The window period represents the time between initial HIV infection and when antibodies can be detected in blood tests, during which a person is highly infectious but HIV tests are negative. Assays detecting the virus itself, like p24 antigen or proviral HIV DNA PCR tests, can diagnose HIV during this period which can last up to 12 weeks. The proviral DNA PCR test is highly sensitive and specific but only available for research, while p24 antigen has low sensitivity though high specificity. HIV RNA PCR is not recommended due to high false positive rates.
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This slides describe the etiology,structure of HIV,clinical features,diagnosis and management of AIDS.
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This document discusses HIV and provides several key details:
- HIV is a retrovirus that replicates via a DNA intermediate and is highly variable due to its lack of proofreading mechanisms.
- The HIV genome contains 9 genes that code for 15 proteins.
- HIV likely originated from chimpanzees in Central Africa and was first identified in the United States in the 1970s, being called GRID before being renamed AIDS.
- The document also discusses the famous "Berlin patient," Timothy Ray Brown, who was cured of HIV after receiving a stem cell transplant from a donor with a CCR5 mutation that provides resistance to HIV.
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The document discusses the transmission of HIV/AIDS through various modes:
1) Sexual transmission is the most common mode, occurring through unprotected vaginal, anal and oral sex. Anal intercourse poses the highest risk while oral sex has a lower but present risk.
2) Transmission can also occur through blood, such as transfusions or sharing needles. Procedures involving piercing of skin like tattoos or circumcision can also transmit HIV.
3) Mother-to-child transmission is another mode, where the virus can be passed during pregnancy, delivery or through breastfeeding. The risk of transmission from an HIV-positive mother to her newborn ranges from 12-35%.
Aids
HIV/AIDS is caused by infection with HIV which damages immune cells. There are 33.2 million people living with HIV/AIDS globally. HIV is transmitted through contact with infected bodily fluids. The progression of HIV to AIDS typically takes 9-10 years if untreated, during which time the virus progressively destroys CD4+ immune cells. This leaves individuals vulnerable to opportunistic infections like PCP, TB, and cancers like Kaposi's sarcoma. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) using a combination of at least three antiretroviral drugs from two classes can suppress the virus and prolong healthy life. Proper treatment and prevention measures can control the spread of the virus.
Hiv
This document provides information on HIV/AIDS, including:
1. HIV was discovered in 1983-1984 and is the cause of AIDS. It is a retrovirus that infects CD4 cells and progressively destroys the immune system.
2. HIV has three main genes - Gag, Env, and Pol - which code for structural proteins. The virus attaches to and enters CD4 cells via the Env protein, then uses the Pol protein to integrate its genetic material into the host cell DNA.
3. As the virus destroys CD4 cells over many years, it leaves the infected person vulnerable to opportunistic infections. AIDS is diagnosed when the CD4 count drops below 200. Common infections include PCP
AIDS
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which impairs the immune system. HIV specifically targets CD4+ T cells (helper T cells). The virus can be transmitted through bodily fluids like blood, semen, vaginal fluids. The natural course of HIV infection progresses from primary infection with flu-like symptoms, to asymptomatic latency period that can last 10 years, to symptomatic stage as the immune system deteriorates, and finally AIDS when opportunistic infections take hold. While there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, antiretroviral treatment can control the virus and prevent transmission.
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Immuno presentation: hiv
The document summarizes the journey from HIV infection to AIDS, including details on:
1) HIV is a retrovirus that can be categorized into HIV-1 and HIV-2, which infects CD4+ T cells and causes AIDS by destroying these cells.
2) The virus has an RNA genome that is converted to DNA and integrated into the host cell, then uses the cell's machinery to replicate. It buds from the cell to infect others.
3) Without treatment, HIV progressively lowers CD4 counts over many years until the immune system is too weak to fight off infections, at which point AIDS is diagnosed.
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This document summarizes key information about HIV/AIDS, including its history, virology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It describes how HIV was first identified in 1981 as the cause of AIDS, belongs to the retrovirus family, and has two types, HIV-1 and HIV-2. Over 30 million people have died of AIDS since 1981, and approximately 2.5 million people are newly infected with HIV each year.
Hiv(human immunodeficiency virus)
A modified form of HIV is being tested as a potential treatment for cancer. Researchers are removing patients' T-cells and using HIV to insert genes that program the cells to recognize and attack cancer. The modified T-cells are multiplied and reinfused into patients, where they act like "serial killers" against the cancer cells. In initial tests, two patients saw their cancers drastically reduced or eliminated, with up to five pounds of tumor cells disappearing. The modified T-cells have also been shown to persist in the body for over a year, reactivating to kill new cancer cells. One six-year-old girl with leukemia that was not responding to other treatments saw her cancer go into remission after this experimental HIV therapy
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
This document summarizes key information about HIV/AIDS, including:
- HIV was discovered in 1983-1984 and is the cause of AIDS. It infects and destroys CD4 cells.
- HIV has three main genes - gag, pol, and env. Gag codes for core proteins, pol codes for enzymes, and env codes for envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41.
- HIV attaches to host cells via gp120 binding to CD4 receptors, then fuses and enters the cell. It replicates by converting RNA to DNA via reverse transcriptase.
- As CD4 cells decline due to infection, opportunistic infections can occur, eventually leading to AIDS if untreated. Common
Pathogenesis of HIV
HIV genetics
HIV Viral Properties
HIV Life Cycle
Role of CD4 Lymphocytes in HIV Infection
HIV Replication
HIV Latency
HIV Immune Response
Microbiology of HIV VIRUSES
The document summarizes key information about HIV/AIDS, including:
1) HIV is a lentivirus that causes AIDS by progressively destroying the immune system, allowing other infections to thrive. Once infected, the body cannot rid itself of HIV.
2) Scientists believe HIV originated from chimpanzees in West Africa and was transmitted to humans through contact with their blood.
3) HIV is classified as a retrovirus and exists as two types, HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is more widespread and virulent.
4) There is no cure for HIV, but treatment with antiretroviral drugs can control the virus and prevent transmission.
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Retroviruses contain reverse transcriptase that converts viral RNA into DNA. The two families of human retroviruses are deltaretroviruses like HTLV-1 and -2, and lentiviruses like HIV-1 and -2. HIV's surface and transmembrane proteins facilitate entry and its protease and reverse transcriptase carry out key functions in its lifecycle. AIDS was first recognized in 1981 in association with opportunistic infections and cancers in gay men. HIV was identified as the causative agent in 1983. HIV is transmitted sexually, through blood or breastmilk. Without treatment, HIV progresses from acute infection to AIDS over approximately 10 years. Diagnosis involves ELISA and Western blot antibody tests and CD4/viral
Human immunodeficiency virus
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that causes AIDS. It is transmitted through bodily fluids and attacks CD4+ T cells of the immune system. The disease progresses through three stages as the number of CD4+ cells declines, resulting in opportunistic infections. Diagnosis involves antibody and viral load tests, while treatment is with antiretroviral drugs. Prevention strategies focus on safe sex practices, needle safety, and screening of pregnant women to prevent mother-to-child transmission.
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This document summarizes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) and HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). It discusses that AIDS is caused by HIV, which belongs to the lentivirus family (HIV-1 and HIV-2) and targets CD4 T-cells. HIV transmission occurs through sexual contact, blood exposure, and from mother to infant. The life cycle and structure of HIV is also outlined. The clinical features of AIDS are described in three stages: acute, chronic, and crisis phases. Treatment options like antiretroviral therapy and acupuncture are also mentioned.
Aids
AIDS is caused by HIV, a retrovirus that profoundly suppresses immunity. It is characterized by opportunistic infections, cancers, and neurological symptoms as it destroys CD4+ T-cells. The virus can be transmitted sexually or vertically from mother to child. After initial infection, HIV enters a chronic phase where it replicates in lymph tissues while gradually eroding immunity. Without treatment, this progresses to a crisis phase with full AIDS defined by severe opportunistic infections as CD4+ T-cells fall below 200 cells/ul.
A LECTURE ON AIDS FOR MBBS 2014
A LECTURE ON AIDS FOR FIRST MBBS STUDENTS, DEPT OF BIOCHEMISTRY.
A CLASS ON EPIDEMIOLOGY, VIROLOGY,HIV-MORPHOLOGY, GENOME, LIFE CYCLE,MODE OF TRANSMISSION, IMMUNOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS, LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT.
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THE BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT WHAT IS HIV AND HOW IT DESTRUCT THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. THEN LEADS TO AIDS. PRESENTATION ALSO EXPLAINS THE DIAGNOSIS OF HIV, ITS TREATMENT
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HIV Pathophysiology, by Dr. Vishnu
This powerpoint, deals with HIV pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, mode of transmission and diagnostic parameters.
Purely based on clinical pharmacist perspective.
HIV by Dr. Rakesh Prasad Sah
This document summarizes HIV and retroviruses. It discusses that retroviruses possess reverse transcriptase which converts viral RNA to DNA. HIV is classified as a lentivirus that causes AIDS. HIV was discovered in 1983 and is the causative agent of AIDS. It is a retrovirus with an RNA genome and envelope. The virus enters host cells using envelope proteins gp120 and gp41 to bind CD4 receptors. The virus has structural and regulatory genes. Infection progresses from primary infection to clinical latency to AIDS as CD4 counts decline. Opportunistic infections occur when CD4 counts drop below 200. Common infections include PCP, CMV, TB, candidiasis and cancers like Kaposi's sarcoma.
Window period of HIV
The window period represents the time between initial HIV infection and when antibodies can be detected in blood tests, during which a person is highly infectious but HIV tests are negative. Assays detecting the virus itself, like p24 antigen or proviral HIV DNA PCR tests, can diagnose HIV during this period which can last up to 12 weeks. The proviral DNA PCR test is highly sensitive and specific but only available for research, while p24 antigen has low sensitivity though high specificity. HIV RNA PCR is not recommended due to high false positive rates.
Hiv
This slides describe the etiology,structure of HIV,clinical features,diagnosis and management of AIDS.
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
This document discusses HIV and provides several key details:
- HIV is a retrovirus that replicates via a DNA intermediate and is highly variable due to its lack of proofreading mechanisms.
- The HIV genome contains 9 genes that code for 15 proteins.
- HIV likely originated from chimpanzees in Central Africa and was first identified in the United States in the 1970s, being called GRID before being renamed AIDS.
- The document also discusses the famous "Berlin patient," Timothy Ray Brown, who was cured of HIV after receiving a stem cell transplant from a donor with a CCR5 mutation that provides resistance to HIV.
Hiv aids seminar communti
The document discusses the transmission of HIV/AIDS through various modes:
1) Sexual transmission is the most common mode, occurring through unprotected vaginal, anal and oral sex. Anal intercourse poses the highest risk while oral sex has a lower but present risk.
2) Transmission can also occur through blood, such as transfusions or sharing needles. Procedures involving piercing of skin like tattoos or circumcision can also transmit HIV.
3) Mother-to-child transmission is another mode, where the virus can be passed during pregnancy, delivery or through breastfeeding. The risk of transmission from an HIV-positive mother to her newborn ranges from 12-35%.
Aids
HIV/AIDS is caused by infection with HIV which damages immune cells. There are 33.2 million people living with HIV/AIDS globally. HIV is transmitted through contact with infected bodily fluids. The progression of HIV to AIDS typically takes 9-10 years if untreated, during which time the virus progressively destroys CD4+ immune cells. This leaves individuals vulnerable to opportunistic infections like PCP, TB, and cancers like Kaposi's sarcoma. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) using a combination of at least three antiretroviral drugs from two classes can suppress the virus and prolong healthy life. Proper treatment and prevention measures can control the spread of the virus.
Hiv
This document provides information on HIV/AIDS, including:
1. HIV was discovered in 1983-1984 and is the cause of AIDS. It is a retrovirus that infects CD4 cells and progressively destroys the immune system.
2. HIV has three main genes - Gag, Env, and Pol - which code for structural proteins. The virus attaches to and enters CD4 cells via the Env protein, then uses the Pol protein to integrate its genetic material into the host cell DNA.
3. As the virus destroys CD4 cells over many years, it leaves the infected person vulnerable to opportunistic infections. AIDS is diagnosed when the CD4 count drops below 200. Common infections include PCP
AIDS
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which impairs the immune system. HIV specifically targets CD4+ T cells (helper T cells). The virus can be transmitted through bodily fluids like blood, semen, vaginal fluids. The natural course of HIV infection progresses from primary infection with flu-like symptoms, to asymptomatic latency period that can last 10 years, to symptomatic stage as the immune system deteriorates, and finally AIDS when opportunistic infections take hold. While there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, antiretroviral treatment can control the virus and prevent transmission.
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The document summarizes the journey from HIV infection to AIDS, including details on:
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HIV
- 1. HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS - HIV (RETROVIRUSES) [Microbiology]
- 2. Introduction Family - Retroviridae Genome - RNA Two Main types HIV - 1 & HIV - 2
- 3. Morphology ● Spherical ● Enveloped ● Size = 90- 120nm ● Genome - Two identical copies of ssRNA ● Nucleocapsid ● Lipoprotein envelope ● Envelope projecting spike ● Transmembrane pedicle ● Reverse transcriptase enzyme
- 4. MODES OF TRANSMISSION 1. Sexual 2. Parenteral 3. Perinatal
- 5. CLINICAL FEATURES ● The CD4 antigen on the cell surface its the receptor of virus. ● Classification system for HIV & AIDS - GROUP 1 = acute HIV infection - GROUP 2 = asymptomatic infection - GROUP 3 = persistent generalized lymphadenopathy. - GROUP 4 = subgroup A - constitutional disease -ARC subgroup B - Neurological Diseases Subgroup C - 1&2 == secondary infectious diseases Subgroup D - Sec. Cancers Subgroup E - other conditions
- 6. LAB DIAGNOSIS 1. Specific tests for HIV 1) Antigen detection : p24 Ag ; ELISA 2) Virus isolation : isolated from CD4 lymphocytes of peripheral blood, bone marrow and serum.; when Ab are absent. 3) Detection of viral nucleic acid : by PCR 4) ANTIBODY DETECTION : Takes weeks, first 3-4 weeks IgM Ab, then IgG.
- 8. PREVENTION 1. Sexual contact : condoms can prevent 2. Sharing needles 3. Blood : screening before transmission 4. Control of infection.
- 9. PROPHYLAXIS No effective vaccine yet Because of high mutation rate of the virus.
- 10. Thankyou