The document provides an overview of the history of the English language from pre-history through the Norman conquest in 1066 AD. It outlines the various cultural groups that have influenced English, including the Celts, Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, and Normans. Each group introduced new vocabulary and grammatical elements. A key development was the discovery in 1780 that Sanskrit, Latin, and Greek shared a common ancestral language now known as Indo-European. This helped explain the relationship between languages. The document also briefly describes Old English literature like Beowulf and runic writing systems.
The document summarizes the history of the Anglo-Saxon period in Britain from 449 to 1066 AD. It describes the initial invasion and settlement of Britain by various Germanic tribes including the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes, who displaced the native Britons. It then discusses the spread of Christianity during this period and the Viking invasions starting in the late 8th century. Finally, it outlines the unification of England under King Alfred the Great and the eventual Norman conquest of England by William the Conqueror in 1066, bringing the Anglo-Saxon era to a close.
An analysis of the religious ideas before and during the emergence of Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England, and an exploration of the forms of art, literature and craftsmanship of the time.
The Old English period from the 5th to 11th centuries saw the development of the Anglo-Saxon vocabulary with words for everyday items. Four days of the week are named after Anglo-Saxon gods, while Christianity brought words like "martyr", "bishop", and "font". The Vikings subsequently invaded and contributed action words like "drag", "ransack", and "thrust" as well as around 2000 total words to modern English, including the phrase "watch out for that man with the enormous axe."
King Alfred the Great was a 9th century king of Wessex who successfully fought back invading Danish Vikings and reunited England. He was both a soldier and a scholar, leading military campaigns while also promoting education, translating texts into English, and establishing a system of laws based on biblical principles. Through his military and intellectual leadership, Alfred was able to defeat the Vikings and stabilize England during a turbulent period.
Alfred the Great was King of Wessex from 871 to 899. He successfully defended Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of southern England against the Vikings, earning him the epithet "the Great". As king, he established a system of fortified centers called burhs across Wessex for defense. Culturally, he revived learning by establishing a school at his court and translating important works into Old English to improve education among clergy.
Urca Anglo Saxon Period Aula 02 Dezembro 2009Fabione Gomes
The document provides an overview of the Anglo-Saxons in Britain from their invasion in 449 CE until the Norman conquest in 1066 CE. It discusses the Celtic inhabitants prior to the Anglo-Saxons, the invasion and kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxons, their culture, literature including Beowulf, the spread of Christianity, Viking invasions, and ultimately the Norman conquest in 1066 which marked the end of the Anglo-Saxon era in Britain.
The Anglo-Saxons were tribes from Germany, Sweden, and Denmark who settled in Britain in the 5th century, conquering the local Celtic population. They were composed of the Jutes, Angles, and Saxons. While some came as warriors, others arrived peacefully as farmers in need of more land. The Anglo-Saxons developed Old English and were skilled farmers who grew crops like wheat, barley, oats, peas and beans. Their reign ended in 1066 with their defeat in the Battle of Hastings, which began the Norman rule of England.
This document provides a summary of resources about the Anglo-Saxons from the 5th to 11th centuries in Britain. It includes links to timelines, biographies, information about Anglo-Saxon life such as settlements, people, literature, work, leisure, homes, religion, clothing, law, trade, battles, and teacher resources. The resources cover history, artifacts, activities, and information targeted at both students and teachers to learn about daily life and culture during the Anglo-Saxon period in Britain.
The document summarizes the history of the Anglo-Saxon period in Britain from 449 to 1066 AD. It describes the initial invasion and settlement of Britain by various Germanic tribes including the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes, who displaced the native Britons. It then discusses the spread of Christianity during this period and the Viking invasions starting in the late 8th century. Finally, it outlines the unification of England under King Alfred the Great and the eventual Norman conquest of England by William the Conqueror in 1066, bringing the Anglo-Saxon era to a close.
An analysis of the religious ideas before and during the emergence of Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England, and an exploration of the forms of art, literature and craftsmanship of the time.
The Old English period from the 5th to 11th centuries saw the development of the Anglo-Saxon vocabulary with words for everyday items. Four days of the week are named after Anglo-Saxon gods, while Christianity brought words like "martyr", "bishop", and "font". The Vikings subsequently invaded and contributed action words like "drag", "ransack", and "thrust" as well as around 2000 total words to modern English, including the phrase "watch out for that man with the enormous axe."
King Alfred the Great was a 9th century king of Wessex who successfully fought back invading Danish Vikings and reunited England. He was both a soldier and a scholar, leading military campaigns while also promoting education, translating texts into English, and establishing a system of laws based on biblical principles. Through his military and intellectual leadership, Alfred was able to defeat the Vikings and stabilize England during a turbulent period.
Alfred the Great was King of Wessex from 871 to 899. He successfully defended Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of southern England against the Vikings, earning him the epithet "the Great". As king, he established a system of fortified centers called burhs across Wessex for defense. Culturally, he revived learning by establishing a school at his court and translating important works into Old English to improve education among clergy.
Urca Anglo Saxon Period Aula 02 Dezembro 2009Fabione Gomes
The document provides an overview of the Anglo-Saxons in Britain from their invasion in 449 CE until the Norman conquest in 1066 CE. It discusses the Celtic inhabitants prior to the Anglo-Saxons, the invasion and kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxons, their culture, literature including Beowulf, the spread of Christianity, Viking invasions, and ultimately the Norman conquest in 1066 which marked the end of the Anglo-Saxon era in Britain.
The Anglo-Saxons were tribes from Germany, Sweden, and Denmark who settled in Britain in the 5th century, conquering the local Celtic population. They were composed of the Jutes, Angles, and Saxons. While some came as warriors, others arrived peacefully as farmers in need of more land. The Anglo-Saxons developed Old English and were skilled farmers who grew crops like wheat, barley, oats, peas and beans. Their reign ended in 1066 with their defeat in the Battle of Hastings, which began the Norman rule of England.
This document provides a summary of resources about the Anglo-Saxons from the 5th to 11th centuries in Britain. It includes links to timelines, biographies, information about Anglo-Saxon life such as settlements, people, literature, work, leisure, homes, religion, clothing, law, trade, battles, and teacher resources. The resources cover history, artifacts, activities, and information targeted at both students and teachers to learn about daily life and culture during the Anglo-Saxon period in Britain.
The document provides information on the Anglo-Saxons who invaded Britain after the Romans departed in the 5th century AD. It describes their origins from northern Germany, Denmark, and Holland. It then summarizes how the Anglo-Saxons lived as farmers and sailors, building wooden houses and ships. Their society was organized into kingdoms ruled by kings, and they developed laws and a system of coins.
The Anglo-Saxon period in Britain lasted from 449 to 1066 AD. This was a time of invasion and settlement, as Germanic tribes from mainland Europe, including the Angles, Saxons and Jutes, migrated to Britain and established kingdoms after the withdrawal of the Roman legions in the early 5th century. The Anglo-Saxons introduced their language and culture, and Britain was gradually converted to Christianity over the course of the period. Various outside threats challenged Anglo-Saxon rule at different points, including the Vikings from the late 8th century and the Norman conquest of 1066, which marked the end of the Anglo-Saxon era.
The Anglo-Saxons were Germanic tribes from Germany and Denmark who invaded and settled in Britain between the 5th and 6th centuries AD. They lived in villages, farmed the land, and some were sailors. Their culture and language dominated England for several centuries until the Norman conquest in 1066. The most famous Anglo-Saxon king was Alfred the Great, who ruled in the late 9th century and helped establish the kingdom of England by defending against Viking invaders. He also encouraged learning, lawmaking, and the writing of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
The document provides an overview of the history of England from the Celtic period through the Norman conquest in 1066. It describes how the Celts were displaced by invading Anglo-Saxons in the 5th century AD, establishing small kingdoms. Christianity eventually spread throughout England in the following centuries. Vikings then began raiding England in the 8th century and some settled, with Alfred the Great defending Wessex against them. In 1066, William the Conqueror defeated the English at Hastings and established a new Norman ruling class, introducing feudalism.
The Anglo-Saxons were Germanic tribes from Germany and Denmark who invaded and settled in Britain between the 5th and 6th centuries AD. They lived in villages, farmed the land, and some were also sailors. Their culture and language eventually came to dominate England. They were originally pagans but converted to Christianity over time. Some of their most notable kings included Alfred the Great, who defended against Viking invaders and established stability, and Offa of Mercia, who built Offa's Dyke. Their way of life, beliefs, and military traditions are described.
The document summarizes the Anglo-Saxon and Medieval periods in England from 449-1485 CE. It describes the Anglo-Saxon invasion and settlement of Britain after the fall of Rome, the establishment of kingdoms, acceptance of Christianity, and Danish invasions. It then discusses the Norman conquest in 1066, William the Conqueror's establishment of feudalism, and key rulers like Henry II, Richard I, John and Edward I. Major events of the medieval period included the Hundred Years War, Black Death, and War of the Roses.
The document provides an overview of Anglo-Saxon culture, including their homes, feasts, riddles, runes, storytelling, clothing, kings and laws. It discusses how Anglo-Saxons fought as part-time soldiers following a warrior code and their wars with the Vikings. The document also summarizes Anglo-Saxon literature, including pagan epic poetry, lyrical poems, Christian poetry, Latin writings, Old English prose, and works by Caedmon and Cynewulf. It concludes with an overview of the Norman conquest of England through William the Conqueror's victory over King Harold at the Battle of Hastings in 1066.
King Alfred of Wessex struggled against invading Danish forces in the late 9th century. At the low point, he took refuge in the marshes of Athelney. He later surprised the Danes, defeating their leader Guthrum at the Battle of Edington. This led to the Peace of Wedmore, where Guthrum agreed to withdraw from Wessex and accept baptism. Alfred went on to strengthen defenses by establishing fortified burhs across his kingdom. He also oversaw a cultural revival, translating texts to English himself. Alfred brought Wessex out of despair into a period of stability and accomplishment, earning his name of "The Great".
This document provides an overview of the Anglo-Saxon period in Britain from 449-1066 AD. It summarizes the key events including the Celtic occupation prior to the Romans, the Roman occupation from 55 BC to 409 AD, the Anglo-Saxon invasion starting in 449 AD which pushed the Celts into the western parts of the country. It also discusses the Viking invasions starting in the 8th century, King Alfred the Great's unification of the Anglo-Saxons against the Danes in the 9th century, the spread of Christianity between 400-699 AD, and the Norman invasion in 1066 AD which replaced English with French as the language of the ruling class. The document concludes by introducing the
The presentation is prepared by the students of group 741,PSHPU,2014, Natalya R. and Alexander Sh. It was presented during the seminar on Famouse People of the UK (Kings and Queens).
The document provides background information on the Anglo-Saxon period in Britain and the epic poem Beowulf. It discusses that the Anglo-Saxons inhabited Britain from the 5th century onward as Germanic tribes migrating from Europe. This period between 450-1066 AD is known as the Anglo-Saxon period, during which Old English was spoken. Old English is like a foreign language to modern English speakers. The document also notes that Anglo-Saxon sagas were entertaining stories told at feasts that mixed history with legend, and poses questions about the significance of images and conclusions that can be drawn from Beowulf.
The Anglo-Saxon period in Britain lasted from 449 to 1066. During this time, various groups invaded and settled in Britain, including Celts, Romans, Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Vikings. Anglo-Saxon society was organized into kingdoms ruled by kings. They were farmers, craftspeople, and warriors who valued bravery and loyalty. Their culture included oral poetry and pagan beliefs until the arrival of Christianity in the 6th century. The Vikings launched raids starting in the 9th century, occupying parts of England until King Alfred resisted further expansion in the late 9th century. Ultimately, the Norman conquest in 1066 marked the end of Anglo-Saxon rule.
The document provides background information on the Anglo-Saxon period in England from 449 to 1066 AD. It discusses the epic poem Beowulf, considered the oldest surviving epic in any modern European language. Beowulf tells the story of a Geatish hero who battles the monster Grendel and Grendel's mother. The document also describes how the Anglo-Saxons lived, their social structure and governance, the introduction of Christianity to England in 597 AD, and previews that the next topic will be a reading of the poem Beowulf itself.
The document discusses the Anglo-Saxons who invaded Britain in the 5th and 6th centuries. The Anglo-Saxons were tribes from Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands who settled across most of Britain. They lived in basic wooden buildings and practiced farming. They had regional dress differences and social classes included freemen and slaves. Their culture included burial practices, the growing adoption of Christianity, and festivals involving food, drink and storytelling. The Anglo-Saxon era in Britain later faced invasions by Vikings and conquest by the Normans under William in 1066. However, the Anglo-Saxons left a lasting linguistic and legal influence on English culture.
The Anglo-Saxons were groups of farmer-warriors from Germany who invaded Britain over a thousand years ago, consisting of the Angle, Saxon, and Jute tribes. They lived in wooden houses clustered in villages near rivers, protected by wooden fences. They grew crops like cabbage and onions and hunted wild boar and deer, eating their meat with bread and drinking beer. They were also very superstitious, believing in charms and potions for protection from evil spirits. After the Anglo-Saxons, the Normans led by William the Conqueror invaded England and defeated the Anglo-Saxons in the Battle of Hastings in 1066.
The document provides background information on the Anglo-Saxons who invaded Britain around 450 CE and conquered much of the territory by 800 CE. It describes their warrior culture, which centered around kinship, lordship, and concepts like weregild, lof, and wyrd. It also discusses the oral tradition of epic poems like Beowulf, noting they were sung by bards and provided insights into the culture. The language of Beowulf, Old English, is examined as well, noting it uses unfamiliar letters but sounds similar to modern English once the letter sounds are known.
The 5th PPT presentation on the History of Language course. Thanks to Faisal Al Shehri and Ahmad Al Mansoor who made this. This is for pages 95-102 of the Old English chapter.
Thank you both for your efforts.
King Alfred of Wessex, known as "Alfred the Great", faced many challenges in the late 9th century defending his kingdom of Wessex from Viking invaders. He fought in important battles like Ashdown in 871 and ultimately defeated the Viking leader Guthrum at the Battle of Edington in 878. Alfred strengthened his military by building a navy of ships modeled after the Vikings and Romans. Through his military victories and treaties, he was able to expand Wessex and set the foundation for a unified England. However, Alfred's true strength was his wisdom and intelligence, which allowed him to overcome challenges like learning to read later in life and effectively governing his expanded kingdom.
The document provides an overview of Anglo-Saxon history and culture from the 5th century AD invasion of Britain by Germanic tribes until the Norman conquest in 1066. Some key points:
- The Anglo-Saxons were Germanic tribes from northern Europe including the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes who began invading Britain after the Romans withdrew. They displaced the native Britons and established kingdoms across England.
- Anglo-Saxon society was organized into tribal kingdoms ruled by kings or elected leaders. They were farmers, sailors, and warriors who settled in villages and followed a pagan religion with gods like Woden. Christianization began in the 6th century.
- Their culture included oral poetry
The document provides a brief history of the English language from pre-history to the Norman conquest in 1066 AD. It outlines the major influences on English, including the Celts, Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, and Normans. A key point is that Sir William Jones discovered in 1780 that Sanskrit, Latin, and Greek shared a common ancestral language, referred to as Indo-European, demonstrating the interconnected history of languages.
The document provides a brief history of the English language from its Indo-European origins through the Norman invasion in 3 main periods:
1. Pre-Roman Britain was inhabited by Celts like the Britons and Gaels, whose language was influenced by the Latin-speaking Romans who established towns during their occupation.
2. In the Anglo-Saxon period from 410-787 AD, invading Anglo-Saxons and Jutes drove out the Celts and established nine kingdoms. King Alfred the Great defended against Danish invaders in the 9th century.
3. The Viking invasions in the 8th-11th centuries and the Norman invasion in 1066, when French became the
The document provides an overview of the history of the English language from its origins with the Anglo-Saxons in the 5th century AD through the Norman conquest in 1066. It discusses the various tribes that invaded Britain and influenced Old English, including the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Frisians. It also summarizes the epic poem Beowulf, dating from the late 10th century, which depicts Scandinavian history and mythology through the story of the Geatish hero Beowulf's battles with the monsters Grendel and Grendel's mother.
The document provides information on the Anglo-Saxons who invaded Britain after the Romans departed in the 5th century AD. It describes their origins from northern Germany, Denmark, and Holland. It then summarizes how the Anglo-Saxons lived as farmers and sailors, building wooden houses and ships. Their society was organized into kingdoms ruled by kings, and they developed laws and a system of coins.
The Anglo-Saxon period in Britain lasted from 449 to 1066 AD. This was a time of invasion and settlement, as Germanic tribes from mainland Europe, including the Angles, Saxons and Jutes, migrated to Britain and established kingdoms after the withdrawal of the Roman legions in the early 5th century. The Anglo-Saxons introduced their language and culture, and Britain was gradually converted to Christianity over the course of the period. Various outside threats challenged Anglo-Saxon rule at different points, including the Vikings from the late 8th century and the Norman conquest of 1066, which marked the end of the Anglo-Saxon era.
The Anglo-Saxons were Germanic tribes from Germany and Denmark who invaded and settled in Britain between the 5th and 6th centuries AD. They lived in villages, farmed the land, and some were sailors. Their culture and language dominated England for several centuries until the Norman conquest in 1066. The most famous Anglo-Saxon king was Alfred the Great, who ruled in the late 9th century and helped establish the kingdom of England by defending against Viking invaders. He also encouraged learning, lawmaking, and the writing of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
The document provides an overview of the history of England from the Celtic period through the Norman conquest in 1066. It describes how the Celts were displaced by invading Anglo-Saxons in the 5th century AD, establishing small kingdoms. Christianity eventually spread throughout England in the following centuries. Vikings then began raiding England in the 8th century and some settled, with Alfred the Great defending Wessex against them. In 1066, William the Conqueror defeated the English at Hastings and established a new Norman ruling class, introducing feudalism.
The Anglo-Saxons were Germanic tribes from Germany and Denmark who invaded and settled in Britain between the 5th and 6th centuries AD. They lived in villages, farmed the land, and some were also sailors. Their culture and language eventually came to dominate England. They were originally pagans but converted to Christianity over time. Some of their most notable kings included Alfred the Great, who defended against Viking invaders and established stability, and Offa of Mercia, who built Offa's Dyke. Their way of life, beliefs, and military traditions are described.
The document summarizes the Anglo-Saxon and Medieval periods in England from 449-1485 CE. It describes the Anglo-Saxon invasion and settlement of Britain after the fall of Rome, the establishment of kingdoms, acceptance of Christianity, and Danish invasions. It then discusses the Norman conquest in 1066, William the Conqueror's establishment of feudalism, and key rulers like Henry II, Richard I, John and Edward I. Major events of the medieval period included the Hundred Years War, Black Death, and War of the Roses.
The document provides an overview of Anglo-Saxon culture, including their homes, feasts, riddles, runes, storytelling, clothing, kings and laws. It discusses how Anglo-Saxons fought as part-time soldiers following a warrior code and their wars with the Vikings. The document also summarizes Anglo-Saxon literature, including pagan epic poetry, lyrical poems, Christian poetry, Latin writings, Old English prose, and works by Caedmon and Cynewulf. It concludes with an overview of the Norman conquest of England through William the Conqueror's victory over King Harold at the Battle of Hastings in 1066.
King Alfred of Wessex struggled against invading Danish forces in the late 9th century. At the low point, he took refuge in the marshes of Athelney. He later surprised the Danes, defeating their leader Guthrum at the Battle of Edington. This led to the Peace of Wedmore, where Guthrum agreed to withdraw from Wessex and accept baptism. Alfred went on to strengthen defenses by establishing fortified burhs across his kingdom. He also oversaw a cultural revival, translating texts to English himself. Alfred brought Wessex out of despair into a period of stability and accomplishment, earning his name of "The Great".
This document provides an overview of the Anglo-Saxon period in Britain from 449-1066 AD. It summarizes the key events including the Celtic occupation prior to the Romans, the Roman occupation from 55 BC to 409 AD, the Anglo-Saxon invasion starting in 449 AD which pushed the Celts into the western parts of the country. It also discusses the Viking invasions starting in the 8th century, King Alfred the Great's unification of the Anglo-Saxons against the Danes in the 9th century, the spread of Christianity between 400-699 AD, and the Norman invasion in 1066 AD which replaced English with French as the language of the ruling class. The document concludes by introducing the
The presentation is prepared by the students of group 741,PSHPU,2014, Natalya R. and Alexander Sh. It was presented during the seminar on Famouse People of the UK (Kings and Queens).
The document provides background information on the Anglo-Saxon period in Britain and the epic poem Beowulf. It discusses that the Anglo-Saxons inhabited Britain from the 5th century onward as Germanic tribes migrating from Europe. This period between 450-1066 AD is known as the Anglo-Saxon period, during which Old English was spoken. Old English is like a foreign language to modern English speakers. The document also notes that Anglo-Saxon sagas were entertaining stories told at feasts that mixed history with legend, and poses questions about the significance of images and conclusions that can be drawn from Beowulf.
The Anglo-Saxon period in Britain lasted from 449 to 1066. During this time, various groups invaded and settled in Britain, including Celts, Romans, Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Vikings. Anglo-Saxon society was organized into kingdoms ruled by kings. They were farmers, craftspeople, and warriors who valued bravery and loyalty. Their culture included oral poetry and pagan beliefs until the arrival of Christianity in the 6th century. The Vikings launched raids starting in the 9th century, occupying parts of England until King Alfred resisted further expansion in the late 9th century. Ultimately, the Norman conquest in 1066 marked the end of Anglo-Saxon rule.
The document provides background information on the Anglo-Saxon period in England from 449 to 1066 AD. It discusses the epic poem Beowulf, considered the oldest surviving epic in any modern European language. Beowulf tells the story of a Geatish hero who battles the monster Grendel and Grendel's mother. The document also describes how the Anglo-Saxons lived, their social structure and governance, the introduction of Christianity to England in 597 AD, and previews that the next topic will be a reading of the poem Beowulf itself.
The document discusses the Anglo-Saxons who invaded Britain in the 5th and 6th centuries. The Anglo-Saxons were tribes from Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands who settled across most of Britain. They lived in basic wooden buildings and practiced farming. They had regional dress differences and social classes included freemen and slaves. Their culture included burial practices, the growing adoption of Christianity, and festivals involving food, drink and storytelling. The Anglo-Saxon era in Britain later faced invasions by Vikings and conquest by the Normans under William in 1066. However, the Anglo-Saxons left a lasting linguistic and legal influence on English culture.
The Anglo-Saxons were groups of farmer-warriors from Germany who invaded Britain over a thousand years ago, consisting of the Angle, Saxon, and Jute tribes. They lived in wooden houses clustered in villages near rivers, protected by wooden fences. They grew crops like cabbage and onions and hunted wild boar and deer, eating their meat with bread and drinking beer. They were also very superstitious, believing in charms and potions for protection from evil spirits. After the Anglo-Saxons, the Normans led by William the Conqueror invaded England and defeated the Anglo-Saxons in the Battle of Hastings in 1066.
The document provides background information on the Anglo-Saxons who invaded Britain around 450 CE and conquered much of the territory by 800 CE. It describes their warrior culture, which centered around kinship, lordship, and concepts like weregild, lof, and wyrd. It also discusses the oral tradition of epic poems like Beowulf, noting they were sung by bards and provided insights into the culture. The language of Beowulf, Old English, is examined as well, noting it uses unfamiliar letters but sounds similar to modern English once the letter sounds are known.
The 5th PPT presentation on the History of Language course. Thanks to Faisal Al Shehri and Ahmad Al Mansoor who made this. This is for pages 95-102 of the Old English chapter.
Thank you both for your efforts.
King Alfred of Wessex, known as "Alfred the Great", faced many challenges in the late 9th century defending his kingdom of Wessex from Viking invaders. He fought in important battles like Ashdown in 871 and ultimately defeated the Viking leader Guthrum at the Battle of Edington in 878. Alfred strengthened his military by building a navy of ships modeled after the Vikings and Romans. Through his military victories and treaties, he was able to expand Wessex and set the foundation for a unified England. However, Alfred's true strength was his wisdom and intelligence, which allowed him to overcome challenges like learning to read later in life and effectively governing his expanded kingdom.
The document provides an overview of Anglo-Saxon history and culture from the 5th century AD invasion of Britain by Germanic tribes until the Norman conquest in 1066. Some key points:
- The Anglo-Saxons were Germanic tribes from northern Europe including the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes who began invading Britain after the Romans withdrew. They displaced the native Britons and established kingdoms across England.
- Anglo-Saxon society was organized into tribal kingdoms ruled by kings or elected leaders. They were farmers, sailors, and warriors who settled in villages and followed a pagan religion with gods like Woden. Christianization began in the 6th century.
- Their culture included oral poetry
The document provides a brief history of the English language from pre-history to the Norman conquest in 1066 AD. It outlines the major influences on English, including the Celts, Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, and Normans. A key point is that Sir William Jones discovered in 1780 that Sanskrit, Latin, and Greek shared a common ancestral language, referred to as Indo-European, demonstrating the interconnected history of languages.
The document provides a brief history of the English language from its Indo-European origins through the Norman invasion in 3 main periods:
1. Pre-Roman Britain was inhabited by Celts like the Britons and Gaels, whose language was influenced by the Latin-speaking Romans who established towns during their occupation.
2. In the Anglo-Saxon period from 410-787 AD, invading Anglo-Saxons and Jutes drove out the Celts and established nine kingdoms. King Alfred the Great defended against Danish invaders in the 9th century.
3. The Viking invasions in the 8th-11th centuries and the Norman invasion in 1066, when French became the
The document provides an overview of the history of the English language from its origins with the Anglo-Saxons in the 5th century AD through the Norman conquest in 1066. It discusses the various tribes that invaded Britain and influenced Old English, including the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Frisians. It also summarizes the epic poem Beowulf, dating from the late 10th century, which depicts Scandinavian history and mythology through the story of the Geatish hero Beowulf's battles with the monsters Grendel and Grendel's mother.
The four main Germanic tribes that made up the Anglo-Saxons were the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Frisians. Beginning in 449 AD, these tribes invaded Britain after the Romans withdrew troops, with the Angles settling in eastern England, Saxons in the south, and Jutes near London. The invading Anglo-Saxons forced many native Britons to retreat to Wales. Over several centuries, the Anglo-Saxons established control of England and their language and culture came to dominate the region.
This document provides an overview of an introductory English literature course. It discusses key topics like the definition of literature and reasons for studying it. It also summarizes the major influences on English literature in chronological order, including the Celts, Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, and Normans. Each era is briefly characterized with examples of prominent authors and works that reflect the time period. Students will be assigned to give short presentations in groups on one of the defined eras of English literature.
The document summarizes the history of the English language from its Celtic origins through the Anglo-Saxon and Viking invasions to the Norman conquest in 1066. It discusses the influences of Latin, French, Old Norse, and other languages on the vocabulary and development of English over time. Key events covered include the Roman invasion of Britain, Christian missionaries introducing Latin words, Alfred the Great promoting English identity, the Norman conquest establishing French as the official language, and the impact of printing press standardizing spelling.
The Anglo-Saxon period in Britain lasted from 449 to 1066 AD. It was a time of war and conflict as various Germanic tribes invaded and established kingdoms across the island. The period saw the introduction of Old English and the conversion to Christianity. By the late 10th century, Danish invasions had resulted in much of England coming under Danish rule until Alfred the Great reestablished Saxon control in the south. The Norman conquest of 1066 marked the end of Anglo-Saxon rule.
The document summarizes the history of the Anglo-Saxon period in Britain from 449 to 1066 AD. It describes the initial invasion and settlement of Britain by various Germanic tribes including the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes, who gradually drove the native Britons west. Christianity was reintroduced in 597 AD when St. Augustine converted King Ethelbert of Kent. Viking invasions from the late 8th century disrupted Anglo-Saxon rule, until King Alfred of Wessex unified England in the late 9th century. The era ended with the Norman conquest of 1066, when William, Duke of Normandy defeated the Anglo-Saxon King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings.
The document provides background information on the origins and development of the English language from Old English to Middle English. It discusses the various ethnic groups that influenced English, including the Celts, Romans, Anglo-Saxons, and Normans. It also summarizes the plot and key characters of the epic poem Beowulf, considered one of the earliest surviving works of English literature.
This document summarizes the history of Britain from prehistoric times through the Anglo-Saxon period. It describes the various groups that inhabited and invaded the islands, including the Celts, Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, and Normans. It outlines the introduction and spread of Christianity. Key events included the Roman withdrawal in the 5th century AD, leading to invasion by Anglo-Saxons and their establishment of the Anglo-Saxon period from 449-1066 AD, which ended with the Norman conquest following the Battle of Hastings.
The document summarizes the history of Britain from roughly 800 BC to 1485 AD. It describes how Celtic tribes invaded and settled the British Isles between 800-600 BC. The Romans then conquered Britain in 55 BC, introducing Christianity, and ruled until withdrawing in 407 AD. Various Germanic tribes, including Angles, Saxons, and Jutes (referred to collectively as Anglo-Saxons), then invaded and settled Britain beginning in the 5th century. Viking invasions from Scandinavia began in the 9th century. King Alfred of Wessex resisted further Viking expansion in the late 9th century. His reign marked the beginning of Anglo-Saxon rule over most of England. Important works of Anglo-
The document provides an overview of Old English and Middle English literature. It discusses the periods of Old English literature from the 5th to 11th centuries including important works like Beowulf and writings by Caedmon, Cynewulf, and Bede. It then covers the Middle English period from the 11th to 15th centuries, noting the influence of the Norman conquest on the language and works in Anglo-Norman and English like Malory's Morte d'Arthur. Key events and literary developments across both periods are summarized.
British literature originated from England, as our language and many of our founding fathers came from there. Studying British literature allows us to understand the inheritance of ideas like personal rights and consensus-based government. The document then provides a timeline of periods in British literature from Anglo-Saxons to the modern world, and summarizes the key invasions and cultural developments during each period, including the introduction of Christianity and the Norman conquest of 1066.
The document summarizes the Anglo-Saxon invasion and settlement of Britain following the withdrawal of Roman forces in the 5th century AD. It describes the various Germanic tribes involved, including the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes, who originated from areas in modern-day Germany and Denmark. It discusses the social hierarchy that developed in Anglo-Saxon society, including kings, thanes, ceorls (freemen), and slaves. The invasion resulted in Celtic displacement and assimilation as the Anglo-Saxons established control over territory in Britain over the next 200 years.
History of English Language By Moninoor RashidKhalid Hasan
This document summarizes the evolution of the English language from its Proto-Indo-European roots through the various stages of Old English, Middle English, Early Modern English, and Modern English. It traces influences on English from Celtic, Latin, Norse, Norman French, and later global expansions. Key events included the Anglo-Saxon invasion and settlement of Britain in the 5th century AD, Christianization and the influence of Latin in the 7th century, the Norman conquest in the 11th century bringing influence from Norman French, and the standardization of English and introduction of the printing press in the 15th-16th centuries.
The document provides background information on the early history and literature of Britain, from the Celtic tribes through the Anglo-Saxon and Viking invasions. It discusses the Romans bringing civilization to the British Isles in 55 BC and various Christian missionaries arriving between 430-597 AD. The Vikings invaded savagely in 780 AD, but King Alfred of Wessex united the Isles under Christianity around 880 AD. The document notes that Beowulf, originally a Viking story later written down, captures British history in literature and was meant to teach with Christian influence, as preserved in the only existing manuscript from 1000 years ago.
This document summarizes the history and development of the English language from its origins to modern times. It traces English back to West Germanic roots and discusses the influences of Latin, Old Norse, Norman French and later globalization and colonization. Key periods discussed include Old English, Middle English, and Modern English. The document provides numerous examples of word origins and influences across different historical periods and regions on the continuing evolution of the English language.
The document summarizes the Anglo-Saxon period in Britain from 410 AD to 1066 AD. It describes how Germanic tribes from Anglen and Saxony settled in Britain following the withdrawal of Roman armies. These settlers established small kingdoms and replaced Roman structures with wooden buildings. Christianity also spread during this time. The period lasted over 600 years and saw shifting political landscapes, with Wessex emerging as the dominant kingdom following Viking invasions. Anglo-Saxon rule ended with the Norman conquest after the Battle of Hastings in 1066.
The Anglo-Saxons were Germanic tribes from Germany and Denmark who invaded and settled in Britain between the 5th and 6th centuries AD. They lived in villages, farmed the land, and some were also sailors. Their culture and language eventually came to dominate England. They were originally pagans but converted to Christianity over time. Some of their most famous kings included Alfred the Great, who defended against Viking invaders and established stability, and Offa of Mercia, who built Offa's Dyke. Their way of life, beliefs, and military traditions are described.
Préstamos a la lengua de base anglosajona, procedentes de otras lenguas, hasta conformar la lengua que hoy en día conocemos como inglés. Estos préstamos se instalaron e influyeron en la creación del inglés. en función de la importancia que tuviera la cultura de la que provenían. Estos préstamos son de origen: celta, escandinavo, griego, del latín y por supuesto del francés. En un fenómeno que no deja de estar vivo, encontramos influencias, del americano, del japonés,del árabe, lenguas asiáticas...
1. A Brief History of English
...or why this language is so difficult to master...
2. Overview of English Influences
Pre-History-1066 A.D.
C.R.A.V.N.
Celts (Brythons and Gaels) up to 55 B.C.
Roman Conquest 55 B.C. - 407 A.D.
Anglo-Saxon Period 407 A.D. - 787 A.D.
Viking Invasions 787 A.D. - 1066 A.D.
Noman Conquest begins in 1066 A.D.
3. “The Common Source”
Sir William Jones- a British judge stationed in India in
1780 discovers that Sanskrit bears a striking resemblance to Latin
and Greek.
Indo-European “the common source” (languages now spoken by
1/3 of the human race include Latin, French, Spanish, Slavic
language, Russian, the Celtic languages, Irish, Scots Gaelic,
and the offshoots of German- Dutch and English.
Jacob Grimm, one of the famous Brothers Grimm, established
that the German vater (and English father) has the same root as the
Sanskrit/Latin pitar/pater. Words such as me, new, seven, and
mother were also found to share common ancestry.
INDO-EUROPEAN IS THE COMMON SOURCE OF LANGUAGE
6. The Celts/Pre-Roman
The island we know as England was invaded
by two groups of people: 1. Celts: known as
Bythons (now spelled Britons) and 2. Gaels
(who settled on the island now known as
Ireland).
The Celts were Pagans and their religion was
known as “animism” a Latin word for “spirit.”
Druids were their priests and when clans had
disputes, they intervened to settle them.
8. Important Events During
Roman Occupation
Julius Caesar begins invasion/occupation in 55 B.C.
Occupation completed by Claudius in 1st Century A.D.
Romans “leave” in 407 A.D. because Visigoths attack
Rome (this leaves Britain defenseless)
St. Augustine (the “other” St. Augustine) lands in Kent in
597 and converts King Aethelbert (King of Kent, the
oldest Saxon settlement) to Christianity; becomes first
Archbishop of Caterbury
9. The Most Important Results of the
Roman Occupation
Established camps that eventually became towns.
Maintained relative peace.
Latin heavily influenced the English language.
Christianity begins to replace Paganism, especially
after St. Augustine converts King Aethelbert in 597.
12. Important Events in the (First)
Anglo-Saxon Period
410-450 Angles and Saxons invade from Baltic
shores of Germany, and Jutes invade from
Jutland peninsula in Denmark, thus driving out
the Celts.
Nine Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms eventually becomeNine Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms eventually become
the Anglo-Saxon heptarchy (England notthe Anglo-Saxon heptarchy (England not
unified) or “Seven Sovereign Kingdoms”.unified) or “Seven Sovereign Kingdoms”.
King Alfred “the Great” managed peace againstKing Alfred “the Great” managed peace against
the Danes for about a generation, until Williamthe Danes for about a generation, until William
of Normandy defeated them in 1066.of Normandy defeated them in 1066.
13. Anglo-Saxon Literature
Germanic ethos that celebrated the warrior and his exploits.
Most storytelling was oral.
Old English Poetry became distinctive...
1. Alliteration- repetition of consonant sounds
2. Kenning- a metaphor expressed as a compound noun - “whale-
path” for the seaCaesura- a break or pause in poetry
3. Caesura- a break or pause in poetry
RUNES: Anglo-Saxon alphabet/OLD ENGLISH. Runes were probably
brought to Britain in the 5th
century by the Angles, Saxons, Jutes and
Frisians, and were used until about the 11th
century. Runic inscription
are mostly found on jewelry, weapons, stones and other objects.
Very few examples of Runic writing on manuscripts have survived.
14. Anglo-Saxon Poetry and Riddles
The Book of Exeter
Contains more than 30 poems and 90 riddles.
Written down by monks in about 975, our
primary source of Anglo-Saxon poetry
Dominant mood in poetry is elegiac, or
mournful
Dominant tone of riddles is light and
somewhat bawdy (for entertainment purposes-
think SNL).
15. Beowulf...
The major text we will read from this period is the EPIC Beowulf. It is
the story of a Scandinavian (GEAT) warrior or knight probably in the
sixth century, who comes to help a neighboring tribe, the Danes, who
are being attacked by a monster.
We study English history to understand the CONTEXT of Beowulf,
and we study Beowulf to understand the world which was OLD
ENGLISH.
Consider the fighting, hunting, farming and loving Anglo-Saxon
heritage. The Non-Christians only hope was for fame and
commemoration in poetry.
Beowulf is considered the shining star of Old English literature.
The Book of Exeter is the largest surviving collection of poetry.
16.
17. Viking Invasion
The Vikings were sea-faring, explorers,
traders and warriors, Scandinavians during the
8th-11th centuries.
Expeditions that plundered and ended in
conquest and settlements of Britain.
King Alfred “the Great” in 871 was able to use
the language to appeal the English and his
efforts saved the language.
18. Importance of the Viking Invasions
Politically and Culturally- there was no central government or church* BUT
The Anglo-Saxon Code is evident in Beowulf.
Linguistically
Old English is born- mainly Germanic (although even Germanic
languages are derived from a theoretical Proto-Indo-European language,
the grandparent of classical languages such as Greek, Sanskrit, Latin
and German).
LOTS of dialects of Old English- because there are several separate
Kingdoms, many founded by essentially five or six different cultures:
Anlges, Saxons, Frisians, Jutes, Danes and Swedes.
*King Alfred “the Great” (ruled approx. 871-899 A.D.) was one of the first
Anglo-Saxon kings to push Vikings back; in fact, he was one of the first
kings consolidating power, unifying Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.
19. Norman Invasion
In 1066 at the Battle of Hastings, the Normans (powerful Northern
Frenchmen) defeat the English and start a century-long conquest of
England.
William (Duke of Normandy) crowns himself the ruler of England
(1066) and establishes a social system: Feudalism- a hierarchy of
rulers under one lord; individuals gave military and other services to
their overlords in return for protection and land.
Cultural/Political/Literature Influence:
French becomes official language of politics and power and exerts
enormous influence on Old English, which becomes obsolete.
William maintains efficient system of government of Anglo-
Saxons, but replaces the English nobility with Normans, and
creates a great class division that oppressed the Anglo-Saxons.
20. A Brief Glimpse of the History of
English from “Our Father”
OLD
ENGLISH
400-
1066
Beowulf
Fæder ure þu þe eart on heofonum
si þin nama gehalgod tobecume þin rice gewurþe þin willa on
eorðan swa swa on heofonum
urne gedæghwamlican hlaf syle us to dæg
and forgyf us ure gyltas swa swa we forgyfað urum gyltendum
and ne gelæd þu us on costnunge ac alys us of yfele soþlice.
Middle
English
1066-
1485
Chaucer
Oure fadir þat art in heuenes halwid be þi name;
þi reume or kyngdom come to be. Be þi wille don in herþe as it
is doun in heuene.
yeue to us today oure eche dayes bred.
And foryeue to us oure dettis þat is oure synnys as we foryeuen
to oure dettouris þat is to men þat han synned in us.
And lede us not into temptacion but delyuere us from euyl.
Early Modern
English
1485-
1800
Shakes-
peare
Our father which art in heauen, hallowed be thy name.
Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth as it is in
heauen.
Giue us this day our daily bread.
And forgiue us our debts as we forgiue our debters.
And lead us not into temptation, but deliuer us from euill.
Amen.
Modern
English
1800-
present
Austen Extra Credit! Write “The Our Father” in Modern English.
21. So, what do I need to know about the
History of the Englsih Language?
Major dates
55 B.C.
43 A.D.
410 A.D.
597 A.D.
1066 A.D.
22. Major people…
Julius Caesar
St. Augustine
King Ethelbert of Kent
King Alfred “the great”
William the Conqueror
William, Duke of Normandy
23. What I really need to know about “the
making of the English language”
Major cultural/linguistic influences
Celtic
Roman
Anglo-Saxon
Viking
Norman
25. • Write Your Name in Runes at Nova
• Runes were used by early Germanic tribes on documents in
stone, wood and metal. They relied on these symbols not
only for writing but also to tell fortunes, cast spells, and
provide protection.
• The runic alphabet, or Futhark, gets its name from the first
six sounds, much like our alphabet “A,B,C’s”.
• Can you write your name in Runes?
• Check out the Nova website:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/vikings/runes.html
Runic Writing…