The document summarizes the Anglo-Saxon and Medieval periods in England from 449-1485 CE. It describes the Anglo-Saxon invasion and settlement of Britain after the fall of Rome, the establishment of kingdoms, acceptance of Christianity, and Danish invasions. It then discusses the Norman conquest in 1066, William the Conqueror's establishment of feudalism, and key rulers like Henry II, Richard I, John and Edward I. Major events of the medieval period included the Hundred Years War, Black Death, and War of the Roses.

1. The Anglo-Saxon and
Medieval Periods
449-1485

2. Anglo Saxon Period
449-1066
in 449 and continuing for several decades,
Angles, Saxons, Jutes and others begin
settling on Britain’s eastern and southern
shores.
eventually driven to seek refuge in
Cornwall and Wales, Scotland, and

3. eventually organized themselves into 7 kingdoms
called the Heptarchy: Kent (Jutes); Sussex,
Wessex, and Essex (Saxons); and East
Anglia, Mercia, and Northumbria (Angles).
the Angles were dominant and the land became
known as Angle-land (England)
scholars still refer to the people and culture as
Anglo-Saxon

4. Map of Anglo, Saxon, and
Jute Settlements

5. Anglo-Saxon Culture
early invaders were seafaring wanderers
lives were bleak, violent, and short
pagan religion
believed in fate (wyrd)
admired heroes who prevailed in battle

6. Christianity
by the late 6th century they began
accepting Christianity--this was an
important civilizing force
in 597 Augustine established a monastery
at Canterbury.
by 690 much of Britain was Christian

7. Danish Invasions
in the 790s the Danes (Vikings)came to
Northumbria
came to loot the monasteries
gained much control of northern and eastern
England
in the South they were halted by Alfred the
Great
Alfred forced them to agree to accept
Christianity.

8. Kings of England
1016–Canute (a Dane)
1042–Edward the Confessor (his death
leads to drama–he promised the throne to
both Harold and William which then led to
the Norman Conquest and Harold’s
death)

9. The Medieval Period
1066-1485
like the Danes, the Normans had been
Viking raiders
after settling in Normandy, they adopted
French ways
this brings on the medieval (or middle) ages

10. William’s Influence
feudalism: a political and economic system
where the king owned all the land in the
kingdom
William kept a 1/4 for himself, granted 1/4
to the church, and parceled out the rest to
loyal nobles who either paid him or supplied
him with Knights and warriors
Social ladder: King, Baron, Knight, down

11. Other Rulers
Henry II–reformed judicial system,
establishing juries and a common law
Richard I (Richard the Lion-Hearted–spent
much of his reign fighting the Crusades
John–plotted against his brother Richard,
found there was no money, forced to sign
the Magna Carta (an early step towards
Democracy)

12. Henry III–Parliament established
Edward I–Parliament includes commoners
(eventually becomes House of Commons) as
well as barons (becomes House of Barons)
growth of commoners power increased # of
towns and led to the decline of feudalism
also led to poor sanitary conditions and
plagues!

13. The Hundred Years’
Began in 1337; ended in 1453 (100
years?)
long struggle between England and
France
Black Death occurred during this time
(wiped out 1/3 of England’s population)
England lost most of its French

14. War of the Roses
two rival families claimed the throne: the house
of York and the house of Lancaster
House of York–symbol was white rose
House of Lancaster–symbol was red rose
Lancaster won and Henry the VII took the
throne
this event marks the end of the Middle Ages
in England