Drama was introduced to England by the Romans during the medieval period. Mystery and morality plays performed during this time focused on Christian themes. The English Renaissance in the 16th-17th centuries saw a golden age of English drama led by playwrights like Shakespeare. The Puritans closed theaters in the 17th century but drama flourished again after the Restoration, introducing new genres like restoration comedy. In the late 19th century, musical theater grew more popular and theaters saw larger audiences as transportation improved. Into the 20th century, film began to compete with live theater but English drama continued to evolve, with musicals by composers like Andrew Lloyd Webber remaining popular today.
Drama its origin: growth & development by Suhail Ahmed SolangiSohail Ahmed Solangi
An effort to search the exact history of drama along with its development. This work also includes all the eras of English Literature with its link to Drama.
However, one presentation couldn't define a complete history of drama.
Thanks
Drama its origin: growth & development by Suhail Ahmed SolangiSohail Ahmed Solangi
An effort to search the exact history of drama along with its development. This work also includes all the eras of English Literature with its link to Drama.
However, one presentation couldn't define a complete history of drama.
Thanks
Literary Criticism - Essay on Dramatic PoesyRohitVyas25
John Dryden has given good criticism for dramatic poesy. Here in this presentation, I've put introduction of the original essay and Dryden's definition of play.
Presentation about the Restoration Period of Drama, the most popular type of comedy of the age - Comedy of Manners and Richard Sheridan, who wrote The School for Scandal, a representative play of the Restoration Age of Drama.
Literary Criticism - Essay on Dramatic PoesyRohitVyas25
John Dryden has given good criticism for dramatic poesy. Here in this presentation, I've put introduction of the original essay and Dryden's definition of play.
Presentation about the Restoration Period of Drama, the most popular type of comedy of the age - Comedy of Manners and Richard Sheridan, who wrote The School for Scandal, a representative play of the Restoration Age of Drama.
CONTENTS:
Introduction
Seamus Heaney
Heaney: a Follower of Romanticism
The Personal and the General
The Trilogy
Several Connotative Meanings to Digging
Heaney’s Poetic Theory
Post-colonial Theory
Psychoanalytical Approach
Eco-critical Theory
The Pen/Spade Analogy
Techniques
Frost
Bogland
Words
Language
The Sense of Place
“Digging”
“Follower”
“Gravities”
“Personal Helicon”
“Midnight”
English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane AustenEnglish literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane AustenEnglish literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane AustenEnglish literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane AustenEnglish literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background Jane Austen and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane AustenEnglish literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane AustenEnglish literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane AustenEnglish literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane AustenEnglish literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background Jane Austen and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane AustenEnglish literature's backbone ..and love of many studentsshakespeare .all about Jane Austen and her background and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her English literature's backbone ..and lo
Dramas staged between 1660 and 1700 are called ‘Restoration Dramas’. The dramatic literature of the period was dominated by comedies called ‘Comedy of manners’. Actually ‘Restoration Comedy’ is used as a synonym for “Comedy of Manners”. The plot of the comedy, often concerned with scandal, was traditionally less important than its witty dialogues.
The comedy of manners was first developed in the new comedy of the Ancient Greek Playwright Menander. His style, elaborate plots, and stock characters were imitated by the Roman playwrights Plautus and Terence, whose comedies were widely known and copied during the Renaissance. The best-known comedies of manners, however, may well be those of the French playwright Moliere.
Oscar Wilde and William Congreve are the most celebrated authors of ‘Comedy of Manners’.
Restoration England Theatre1642-1800HistoryThe Puritan.docxjoellemurphey
Restoration England Theatre
1642-1800
History
The Puritan faction gained control of London early in the First English Civil War.
The Puritan movement was very hostile toward theatre—and entertainment as a whole—as they felt that it was sinful. At this time actors and playwrights were clients of the aristocracy and most supported the Royalist cause.
On September 2nd, 1642, the Puritan-controlled Parliament banned full-length plays from London theatres and would last for another 18 years.
During this time, many theatres were torn down and a law was passed declaring all actors rogues of the government.
History (cont.)
In 1660, Charles II returned to England from the France (where he and the royal families spent a majority of the English Civil War) and restored the monarchy. This time period is known as ‘the Restoration’
Charles II was a huge theatre fan, and as a result lifted the ban from theatre and began a period of renewal for English theatre.
After this a patent was placed for the creation of two new theatre companies
The Duke’s Men—Led by William Davenant, for younger actors
The King’s Company—Led by Thomas Killigrew, for more experienced actors
Because of the time the royal family spent in Paris, a very obvious French influence could be felt, in theatre especially. This and several other innovations developed during the Restoration gave the new English theatre a very different and distinct feel.
Playwrights—William Davenant
William Davenant was one of the more famous playwrights during the Resoration era, as well as an existing playwright from before the English Civil War.
Leader of the Duke of York’s Men, one of the two theatre companies patented by Charles II
He, along with Thomas Killigrew, led a very monopolistic rule over Restoration public theatre preformances, and therefore influenced them greatly.
Shakespeare was apparently his godfather
Wrote many original works and adapted many of Shakespeare’s plays.
One of his more famous works—The Siege of the Rhodes—was the first play to feature a woman actor in England
Playwrights—Thomas Killigrew
Famous dramatist and Royalist that supported Prince Charles in exile, and was later put on the court of King Charles II
Leader of the new King’s Company
Famous plays:
Claracilla
The Prisoners
The Parson’s Wedding (his most popular)
Most of his plays were tragicomedies, following the new trend of vulgar and sexually explicit comedies referred to as Restoration Comedy, or comedy of manners
Theatres
The remaining theatres that were not torn down began showing performances again.
New innovations:
Philip Jacques de Loutherbourg broke up floor spaces with pieces of scenery, adding more depth to the stage.
Some designers began toying with lighting by using candles and chandeliers hung above the floor or stage.
One important theatre of note during the Restoration era was the Haymarket Theatre which was operated by Samuel Foote. It is a West End theatre in the City of Westminster dating b ...
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He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
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The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
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1. History Of English Drama
Drama is a literary composition, which is performed by professional actors on stage (or
theatre), before an audience. It involves conflicts, actions and a particular theme. Eye-
catching make up, facial expressions and body language of the artists are prominent
features of a live performance. Although the art form exists in different countries, drama in
England deserves special mention, because some of the legendary dramatists, including
William Shakespeare, are associated with it. Go through the following lines and get some
interesting information on the history, background and origin of English drama.
Interesting Information On Background & Origin Of English Drama
Emergence
The Romans introduced drama to England, during the medieval period. A number of
auditoriums were constructed for the performance of the art form, when it came to the
country. Mummers' plays, associated with the Morris dance, became a popular form of
street theatre during the period. The performances were based on the old stories of Saint
George, Robin Hood and Dragon. The artists moved from town to town, to perform these
folk tales. They were given money and hospitality, in return for their performance. The
mystery and morality plays, performed during medieval period - at religious festivals,
carried the Christian theme.
English Renaissance
The English Renaissance, a cultural and artistic movement in England country that lasted
from 16th
to early-17th
century, paved the way for the dominance of drama in the country.
Queen Elizabeth I ruled during the period, when great poetry and drama were produced.
The renowned playwrights of this time included William Shakespeare, Christopher
Marlowe, Ben Jonson and John Webster. The dramatists wrote plays based on themes like
history, comedy and tragedy. While most of the playwrights specialized in only one of the
themes, Shakespeare emerged as an artist who produced plays based on all the three
themes.
Interregnum (1649-1660)
During the period of Interregnum, the Puritans closed English theatres for their own
religious purposes and ideological reasons. However, the theatres in London were reopened
soon after the 'Restoration of the Monarchy' in 1660. With the support of Prince Charles II,
the theatres continued to flourish in the country. The topical writing of the dramatists and
the introduction of professional female actors to drama (until then, all the female characters
were played by men) gained the attention of the audience.
The Restoration gave rise to the inclusion of new genres in drama, such as heroism and
Restoration comedy. George Etherege's 'The Man of Mode' (1676), William Wycherley's
'The Country Wife' (1676), AphraBehn's 'The Rover' (1677) John Dryden's 'All for Love'
(1677) and (Aureng-Zebe) (1675) and Thomas Otway's 'Venice Preserved' (1682) were
some of the popular plays of the period. Sexual explicitness was the highlight of the comic
2. plays during the Restoration. Price Charles II and the aristocratic ethos of his court
encouraged such plays, which started from 1660 and continued until 1685.
18th
Century
The Restoration comedy in England, which had started in the later half of the 17th
century,
faded away with the advent of the 18th
century. Domestic tragedy and sentimental comedy
became the new flavor of the period. Fair-booth burlesque and musical entertainment,
which preceded the English music hall, flourished during the period, suppressing the
popularity of legitimate English drama.
Victorian Era (1837-1901)
Musical burlesques and comic operas competed with the plays written by Shakespeare,
during the Victorian Era. The German Reed Entertainments took efforts to give a boost to
the musical theatre in Britain, in 1855. In 1890, the first series of Edwardian musical
comedies were introduced to the country. Improved transportation resulted in the
movement of the audience, who could now afford to travel to the theatres late in the night
as well. The number of potential patrons of English theatre saw a significant growth. As a
result, plays started running for longer duration in the theatres.
With time, more and more people started coming to theatres. This resulted in drama being a
profit making business. The increase in the audience resulted in the improvement in the
production value of drama. The art form recorded consecutive performance, due to the
increase in its popularity. The late Victorian Era saw the growing fame of W. S. Gilbert and
Oscar Wilde, leading poets and dramatists of the period. The plays written by Wilde had
close resemblance to those written by the Edwardian dramatists, such as George Bernard
Shaw (an Irishman) and Henrik Ibsen (a Norwegian).
Emergence Of New Medium
The Edwardian musical comedy, together with foreign operetta imports, occupied the
London stage until World War I, when they were replaced by the increasing popularity of
American musical theatre and comedies. Noel Coward, Ivor Novello and their
contemporaries soon replaced the Edwardian musical comedy. It was during this time that a
new medium - motion picture - started gaining popularity. Initially, the motion pictures
comprised of silent movies.
With the passing time, the movies were premiered with sound tracks. This posed a
challenge to the live theatre performance, which faced a downfall. In the 1920s, films like
'The Jazz Singer', released with synchronized sound track, made the critics assume that the
'new medium' would soon replace live theatre. However, the English drama didn't vanish
away altogether. Playwrights continued to exist, though some of the dramatists started
writing for the new medium.
The Present Time
The majority of musical dramas of the 20th
century were written by Andrew Lloyd Webber,
who dominated the scene during the period. His works gained immense popularity.
Consequently, the dramas traveled to Broadway in New York and around the world. Some
of them were turned into feature films as well. Postmodernism had a serious effect on the
3. existence of English drama, in the end of 20th
century. However, a large number of theatres
still exist around Shaftesbury Avenue, in the western part of London. The Royal
Shakespeare Company, operating from Stratford-upon-Avon (Shakespeare's hometown),
currently produces most of the plays written by the legendary dramatist.
Source
History of English Drama.(n.d.). Retrieved from
http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/history-of-english-drama-4753.html