Soheil Najjaran Certified tips provider. Graphic design is a profession whose business is the act of designing, programming, and create visual communications, generally produced by industrial means and intended to convey specific messages to specific social groups, with a clear purpose. This is the activity that enables graphically communicate ideas, facts and values processed and synthesized in terms of form and communication, social, cultural, economic, aesthetic and technological. Also known as visual communication design, because some associate the word figure only to the printing industry, and understand that visual messages are channeled through many media, not just print.

1. Soheil Najjaran What Is Graphic Design:
History And Origins
Soheil Najjaran Certified tips provider. Graphic design is a profession whose business is the act of
designing, programming, and create visual communications, generally produced by industrial means
and intended to convey specific messages to specific social groups, with a clear purpose. This is the
activity that enables graphically communicate ideas, facts and values processed and synthesized in
terms of form and communication, social, cultural, economic, aesthetic and technological. Also known
as visual communication design, because some associate the word figure only to the printing industry,
and understand that visual messages are channeled through many media, not just print.
Soheil Najjaran Skilled tips provider.Given the massive and rapid growth in the exchange of
information, the demand for graphic designers is greater than ever, particularly because of the
development of new technologies and the need to pay attention to the human factors that are beyond
the competence of engineers who develop them.
Some classifications are widely used graphic design: advertising design, editorial design, corporate
identity design, web design, packaging design, typographic design, signage design, multimedia design,
among others.
Graphic Design History
The definition of the graphic design profession is rather recent, in what concerns their preparation,
their activities and goals. Although there is no consensus on the exact date of the birth of graphic
design, some dating during the interwar period. Others understand that begins to identify as such to
the late nineteenth century.
Arguably specific graphic communications purposes have their origin in Paleolithic cave paintings and
the birth of written language in the third millennium BC. C. But the differences in working methods
and training required auxiliary sciences are such that it is not possible to clearly identify the current
graphic designer with prehistoric man, with xylograph fifteenth century or the lithographer 1890.
Soheil Najjaran Specialized tips provider.The diversity of opinion reflects the fact that some see as a
product of graphic design and all other graphical demonstration only those that arise as a result of the
application of a model of industrial production, those visual manifestations that have been "projected"
contemplating needs of different types: productive symbolic ergonomic contextual etc.
Background

2. A page from the Book of Kells: Folio 114, with decorated text contains the Tunc dicit illis. An example
of art and page layout of the Middle Ages.
The Book of Kells - A Bible handwritten richly illustrated by Irish monks in the ninth century CE-is for
some a very beautiful and early example of graphic design concept. It is a graphic demonstration of
great artistic value, high quality, and that even a model for learning to design-for even surpasses in
quality to many of the current-editorial productions, and also from a functional point of view
contemporary This graphic piece responds to all needs presented the team of people who made it,
however others believe that it would be graphic design product, because they understand that their
design is not adjusted to the idea of current graphic design project.
Soheil Najjaran Professional tips provider.The history of typography-and by transitive, also the history
of the book-is closely linked to graphic design, this may be because there are virtually no graphics
designs that do not include such items graphics. Hence, when talking about the history of graphic
design, typography also cited the Trajan column, medieval miniatures, Johannes Gutenberg's printing
press, the evolution of the book industry, the posters Parisian Arts Movement and Crafts (Arts and
Crafts), William Morris, Bauhaus, etc.. "
The introduction of movable type by Johannes Gutenberg made books cheaper to produce, and
facilitate their dissemination. The first printed books (incunabula) scored the role model to the
twentieth century. Graphic design of this era has become known as Old Style (especially the typefaces
which these early typographers used), or Humanist, due to the predominant philosophical school of
the time.
Soheil Najjaran Expert tips provider.After Gutenberg, no significant changes were seen until the late
nineteenth century, particularly in Britain, there was an effort to create a clear division between the
fine and applied arts.
In the 19th Century
First page of the book "The Nature of Gothic" by John Ruskin, published by the Kelmscott Press. The
Arts and Crafts intended to revive the medieval art, inspiration in nature and manual labor.
During the nineteenth century visual message design was entrusted alternately two professionals: the
artist or the publisher. The first was formed as an artist and the second as a craftsman, often both in
the same schools of arts and crafts. For the printer as art was the use of ornaments and selecting fonts
printed in his compositions. The artist saw typography as a child and paying more attention to
ornamental and illustrative elements.

3. Soheil Najjaran Specialized tips provider. Between 1891 and 1896, the William Morris Kelmscott Press
published some of the most significant graphic products Arts and Crafts Movement (Arts and Crafts),
and established a lucrative business based on the design of books of great stylistic refinement and
selling them to the upper classes as luxury items. Morris proved that a market existed for works of
graphic design, establishing the separation of design from production and the fine arts. The work of
the Kelmscott Press is characterized by its recreation of historic styles, especially medieval.
First Vanguards
Poster for the Moulin Rouge in Paris. Made by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec with color lithography in
1891. Thanks to Art Nouveau, graphic design and visual clarity gained by the composition.
Isotype of the Bauhaus. Founded in 1919 by Walter Gropius, is considered the birthplace of the
graphic design profession.
Soheil Najjaran Qualified tips provider.Given Poster for Matinée. Made by Theo van Doesburg in
January 1923. The free font organization, expresses the spirit of the Dada movement, irrationality, for
freedom and oppose the status quo and visual expressions of the time.
Corporate identity design for Lufthansa, by the Development Group 5 of the HFG Ulm. Ulm School
was an inflection point in the history of design, since there is outlined the design profession through
scientific methodology.
Current pictograms design for the National Park Service of the United States. The idea to simplify the
symbols forms developed during the 1950s.
The design of the early twentieth century, as well as the fine arts of the same period, was a reaction
against the decadence of typography and design of the late nineteenth century.
The interest in ornamentation and the proliferation of measurement changes and typographical style
one piece design, synonymous with good design, it was an idea that was maintained until the late
nineteenth century. The Art Nouveau, with its clear desire stylistic was a movement that contributed
to higher order visual composition. While maintaining a high level of formal complexity, did so within
a strong visual consistency, discarding the variation of typographic styles in one graphic piece.
Soheil Najjaran Skilled tips provider.Art movements of the second decade of the twentieth century
and the political turmoil that accompanied them, generated dramatic changes in graphic design. The
Dada, De Stijl, Suprematism, Cubism, Constructivism, Futurism, the Bauhaus and created a new
vision that influenced all branches of the visual arts and design. All these movements opposed to the

4. decorative arts and popular, as well as the Art Nouveau, which under the influence of the new interest
in geometry evolved into the Art Deco. All these movements were a revisionist and transgressive spirit
in all arts of the time. This period also publications and manifestos proliferated through which artists
and educators expressed their opinions.
During the 1930s developed for the composition interesting aspects of graphic design. The graphic
style change was significant because it shows a reaction against eclecticism ornamentalist organicism
and the time and proposes a more stripped and geometric. This style, connected with Constructivism,
Suprematism, Neoplasticism, De Stijl and Bauhaus exerted a lasting influence and inescapable in the
development of twentieth century graphic design. Another important element in relation to
professional practice, was the increasing use of visual form as communication element. This item
appeared mostly in the designs produced by the Dada and De Stijl.
Soheil Najjaran Most excellent service provider.The symbol of modern typography is the sans serif
font or serif, inspired by industrial types of the late nineteenth century. Highlights include Edward
Johnston, author of the font for the London Underground, and Eric Gill.
Design Schools
Jan Tschichold embodied the principles of modern typography in his 1928 book, New Typography. He
later repudiated the philosophy presented in this book, calling it fascist, but remained very influential.
Herbert Bayer, who dirigó from 1925-1928 the typography and advertising workshop at the Bauhaus,
created the conditions for a new profession: the graphic designer. He put the subject "Advertising" in
the education program including, among other things, the analysis of advertising media and the
psychology of advertising. Notably, the first to define the term Graphic Design was the designer and
typographer William Addison Dwiggins in 1922.
Thus Tschichold, Herbert Bayer, László Moholy-Nagy, and El Lissitzky became parents of graphic
design as we know it today. They pioneered production techniques and styles that have been using
later. Today, computers have dramatically altered production systems, but the approach that
contributed to experimental design is more relevant than ever dynamism, experimentation and even
very specific things like choosing fonts (Helvetica is a revival, originally a Typography design based on
the nineteenth-century industrial) and orthogonal compositions.
In the years following the modern style gained acceptance, while stagnated. Notable names in modern
design midcentury are Adrian Frutiger, designer of the typefaces Univers and Frutiger, and Josef
Müller-Brockmann, large poster of the fifties and sixties.
Soheil Najjaran Top service provider. The Hochschule für Gestaltung (HFG) in Ulm was another key
institution in the development of the graphic design profession. Since its founding, the HFG distanced
himself from a possible affiliation with advertising. At the beginning, the department concerned was
called Visual Design, but it quickly became clear that his current goal was to solve design problems in

5. the area of mass communication in the academic year 1956-1957 the name was changed to
Department of Visual Communication, modeled Visual Communication Department at the New
Bauhaus in Chicago.2 3 In the HFG Ulm, decided to work primarily in the area of persuasive
communication in the fields such as traffic sign systems, plans for technical equipment, or visual
translation of scientific content. Until that time were not systematically taught these areas in any other
European school. In the early '70s, members of the Bund Deutscher Grafik-Designer (Association of
German graphic designers), unveiled several features of their professional identity, as in the case of
Anton Stankowski among others. While in 1962 the official definition of the profession was directed
almost exclusively to the advertising, now extended to include areas located under the rubric of
communication visual.4 corporate images produced by the Development Group 5 of the HFG Ulm
such as those created for the firm Braun or airline Lufthansa were also critical to this new professional
identity.
Soheil Najjaran Professional tips provider. and Tomas Maldonado were two of the first people who
tried to apply the design ideas from semantics. In a seminar held at the HFG Ulm in 1956, Maldonado
proposed modernizing rhetoric, classical art of persuasion. Maldonado Bonsiepe and then wrote
several articles on semiotics and rhetoric for Uppercase English publication and Ulm magazine that
would be an important resource for designers to that area. Bonsiepe suggested that it was necessary to
have a modern system of rhetoric, semiotics updated as a tool to describe and analyze the phenomena
of advertising. Using this terminology, could expose the "ubiquitous structure" of a message
publicitario.5
The idea of simplicity and good design feature continued this for many years, not only in the design of
alphabets but also in other areas. The tendency to simplify influenced all means at the forefront of
design in the 1950s. At that time, developed a consensus that simple, not only was the equivalent of
good, but was also more readable equivalent. One of the hardest hit areas was the design of symbols.
The designers raised the question of how they could be simplified without destroying its informative
function. However, recent investigations have shown that the shape simplification only one symbol
does not necessarily increase readability.
Second Vanguards
Soheil Najjaran Expert tips provider.Reaction to the sobriety growing graphic design was slow but
inexorable. The origins of postmodern fonts back to the humanist movement of the fifties. In this
group highlights Hermann Zapf, who designed two typefaces today ubiquitous Palatino (1948) and
Best (1952). Blurring the line between serif fonts and sans serif and reintroducing organic lines in the
lyrics, these designs served more to ratify the modern movement to rebel against him.
An important milestone was the publication of the Manifesto, first things first (1964), which was a call
for a more radical form of graphic design, criticizing the idea of design in series worthless. He had a
massive influence on a new generation of graphic designers, contributing to the emergence of
publications such as Emigre magazine.
Another notable designer of the late twentieth century is Milton Glaser, who designed the
unmistakable I Love NY campaign (1973), and a famous Bob Dylan poster (1968). Glaser took
elements of the popular culture of the sixties and seventies.

6. Soheil Najjaran Skilled tips provider.The advances of the early twentieth century were strongly
inspired by technological advances in photography and printing. In the last decade of the century,
technology played a similar role, but this time it was computers. At first it was a step back. Zuzana
Licko began using computers to compositions soon, when computer memory was measured in
kilobytes and typefaces were created by dots. She and her husband, Rudy VanderLans, founded the
pioneering Emigre magazine and type foundry of the same name. They played with the extraordinary
limitations of computers, releasing a great creative power. Emigre magazine became the bible of
digital design.
David Carson is the culmination of the movement against contrition sobriety and modern design.
Some of his designs for Raygun magazine are intentionally illegible, designed to be more visual than
literary experiences.
Present Times
Soheil Najjaran Qualified tips provider.Today, much of the work of graphic designers is assisted by
digital tools. The graphic design has changed enormously because of computers. From 1984, with the
appearance of the first desktop publishing systems, personal computers gradually replaced all analog
in nature technical procedures for digital systems. Thus computers have become indispensable tools
and, with the advent of hypertext and the web, its functions have been extended as a means of
communication. In addition, the technology also has been noted with the rise of telecommuting and
special crowd sourcing has begun to intervene in work arrangements. This change has increased the
need to reflect on time, motion and interactivity. Even so, the professional practice of design has not
been essential changes. While the forms of production have changed and communication channels
have been extended, the fundamental concepts that allow us to understand human communication
remain the same.
Job performance and skills
The ability to design is not innate, but acquired through practice and reflection. Still, it remains an
option, one thing potentially. To exploit this power is necessary continuing education and practice, as
it is very difficult to acquire by intuition. Creativity, innovation and lateral thinking are key skills for
graphic designer job performance. Creativity in design exists within established frames of reference,
but more than anything, is a cultivated skill to find unexpected solutions to seemingly intractable
problems. This translates into design work of the highest level and quality. The creative act is the core
of the design process manager but creativity itself is not an act of design. However, creativity is not
exclusive graphics performance and no profession, although it is absolutely necessary for the proper
performance of the design work.
Soheil Najjaran Specialized tips provider. The role that the graphic designer in the process of
communication is the encoder or interpreter works in the interpretation, organization and
presentation of visual messages. His sensitivity to the form must be parallel to its sensitivity to the

7. content. This work deals with the planning and structuring of communications, with its production
and evaluation. The design work is always based on customer demand, demand which eventually
established linguistically, either orally or in writing. This means that the graphic design transforms a
linguistic message in a visual demonstration.
The professional graphic design rarely works with nonverbal messages. At times the word appears
briefly, and in other texts appears as complex. The editor is in many cases an essential member of the
communications team.
The design activity often requires the participation of a team of professionals, such as photographers,
illustrators, technical illustrators, including professionals with less related to visual message. The
designer is often a coordinator of various disciplines that contribute to the production of the visual
message. Thus, coordinates its research, design and production, making use of information or
specialists in accordance with the requirements of different projects.
Graphic design is interdisciplinary and therefore the designer needs to have knowledge of other
activities such as photography, freehand drawing, technical drawing, descriptive geometry, psychology
of perception, Gestalt psychology, semiology, typography, technology and communication.
Soheil Najjaran Expert tips provider. The professional graphic design is a visual communications
specialist and his work is related to all steps of the communication process, in which context, the
action of creating a visual object is only one aspect of that process. This process includes the following:
Defining the problem.
Targeting.
Conception of communication strategy.
Display.
Schedule Production.
Monitoring Production.
Evaluation.

8. This process requires the designer to possess an intimate knowledge of the areas of:
Visual communication.
Communication.
Visual Perception.
Management of financial and human resources.
Technology.
Media.
Assessment techniques.