While there is debate around whether history is an art or science, the document argues it can be considered both. History employs scientific methods like other social sciences in systematically investigating problems, collecting evidence, analyzing data, and deriving generalizations. However, it differs from hard sciences in that its events cannot be repeated experimentally and conclusions may vary by historian. Ultimately, the document concludes history is an intellectual pursuit that provides practical guidance for understanding the present and future, making it both a science for its methods and an art for its focus on human values and literary qualities.
A Brief History of Museum Movement in India Virag Sontakke
This presentation is prepared for the BA students to get basic information on museum movement in India . This presentation is incomplete and students advised to get the further and proper information from subjective books and research article.
History Subjectivity, Marxist historiography, Marxist historiography, The Communist Party Historians Group in Britain, Nationalist historiography and Subaltern School
A Brief History of Museum Movement in India Virag Sontakke
This presentation is prepared for the BA students to get basic information on museum movement in India . This presentation is incomplete and students advised to get the further and proper information from subjective books and research article.
History Subjectivity, Marxist historiography, Marxist historiography, The Communist Party Historians Group in Britain, Nationalist historiography and Subaltern School
DUJ 2017 - Preparatory Talk - Kharavela : His Life and Times - G.Santhanamtamilheritagetrust
Santhanam will explore, with the help of N K Basu's book, the accomplishments of this celebrated king of Kalinga whose achievements are inscribed on the wall of Hathigumpha cave at Udayagiri Hill on the outskirts of Bhubaneswar. While being a mighty warrior with successful military expeditions and victories across the sub-continent, Kharavela was also a dynamic ruler who marshaled the creative and artistic experiences of his people by supporting music, dance and the arts.
Excavation Methods in Archaeological Research & StudiesPrachya Adhyayan
Excavation is the scientific way and method of removing objects and uncovering stationary features that have been concealed by later deposits. In other words, excavation is the removal of the matrix in order to discover and retrieve archaeological data from beneath the ground, thereby revealing the three dimensional structure of the data and matrix both vertically and horizontally.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
In 176 BC, the Yuezhi were driven from Tarim Besin to westward by the Xiongnu, a fierce people of Magnolia.
The Yuezhi under the leadership of the Kushanas came down from Central Asia and swept away all earlier dynasties of the Northwest in a great campaign of conquest. They established an empire which extended from Central Asia right down to the eastern Gangetic basin.
In Bactria, they conquered the Scythians and the local Indo-Greek kingdoms, the last remnants of Alexander the Great's invasion force that had failed to take India.
From this central location, the Kushan Empire became a wealthy trading hub between the peoples of Han China, Sassanid Persia and the Roman Empire.
Roman gold and Chinese silk changed hands in the Kushan Empire, at a very tidy profit for the middle-men.
Kingship Role, Duties and Concept of DivinityVirag Sontakke
This presentation is prepared for the Graduation students to get basic idea and general information’s regarding the topic. Overall content of presentations is not through and complete, also required further additions.
This slide is all about Gupta art and culture that was flourished during these times. It includes cave architecture, stupa architecture and temple Architecture along with their culture that was preserved in their formations.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
DUJ 2017 - Preparatory Talk - Kharavela : His Life and Times - G.Santhanamtamilheritagetrust
Santhanam will explore, with the help of N K Basu's book, the accomplishments of this celebrated king of Kalinga whose achievements are inscribed on the wall of Hathigumpha cave at Udayagiri Hill on the outskirts of Bhubaneswar. While being a mighty warrior with successful military expeditions and victories across the sub-continent, Kharavela was also a dynamic ruler who marshaled the creative and artistic experiences of his people by supporting music, dance and the arts.
Excavation Methods in Archaeological Research & StudiesPrachya Adhyayan
Excavation is the scientific way and method of removing objects and uncovering stationary features that have been concealed by later deposits. In other words, excavation is the removal of the matrix in order to discover and retrieve archaeological data from beneath the ground, thereby revealing the three dimensional structure of the data and matrix both vertically and horizontally.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
In 176 BC, the Yuezhi were driven from Tarim Besin to westward by the Xiongnu, a fierce people of Magnolia.
The Yuezhi under the leadership of the Kushanas came down from Central Asia and swept away all earlier dynasties of the Northwest in a great campaign of conquest. They established an empire which extended from Central Asia right down to the eastern Gangetic basin.
In Bactria, they conquered the Scythians and the local Indo-Greek kingdoms, the last remnants of Alexander the Great's invasion force that had failed to take India.
From this central location, the Kushan Empire became a wealthy trading hub between the peoples of Han China, Sassanid Persia and the Roman Empire.
Roman gold and Chinese silk changed hands in the Kushan Empire, at a very tidy profit for the middle-men.
Kingship Role, Duties and Concept of DivinityVirag Sontakke
This presentation is prepared for the Graduation students to get basic idea and general information’s regarding the topic. Overall content of presentations is not through and complete, also required further additions.
This slide is all about Gupta art and culture that was flourished during these times. It includes cave architecture, stupa architecture and temple Architecture along with their culture that was preserved in their formations.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
The paper presents a broad overview of various approaches adopted in the field of historiography across the ages starting from ancient times. It also discusses the merits and demerits of the major schools of thought and proposes a new methodology for the study of history within the framework of the proposed Twenty-First Century school of Historiography. This paper proposes a stakeholder-focussed approach towards historiography and encompasses a wide range of topics from research and definition of processes to dissemination of information to multiple stakeholders, and comprises a large number of checks and balances to prevent potential misuse of history or a one-sided interpretation of history. It also proposes a wide-range of heuristic tools to aid the researcher in carrying out his research and emphasizes objective and data-driven approaches throughout. It seeks to lay a greater emphasis on the roles and responsibilities of a historian from the point of view of the twenty-first century. The key objective of this paper is to ensure that the historian avoids the pitfalls of all ideology-driven approaches and acts in the greater interests of science, society and the education system, and that as many checks and balances as possible are put in place. We seek to reiterate that in the glamorous era of science and technology, the role of a historian can only become much more purposeful and exciting and can encompass completely new vistas of research and historiography. Although these approaches stem from the author’s research experience in Ancient India, the approaches and principles of Historiography can be put to use anywhere in the world.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
This presentation is based on the historical research phenomenon as How History as a science. Here i am compared History with the scientific methodology.
Sujay core principles of twenty first century historiography final final finalSujay Rao Mandavilli
This paper extends the concepts delineated in our earlier paper ‘Historiography by Objectives: A new approach for the study of history within the framework of the proposed Twenty-first Century school of Historiography’ and uses them to enunciate the core principles which we believe will form a part of the proposed Twenty-first century school of Historiography. This paper therefore strives to provide the vehicular platform upon which the objectives set forth in the aforesaid paper should be ideally nurtured and furthered. This paper additionally strives to buttress and substantiate our proposals with further arguments. The Twenty-first century school of historiography, it must be stated at the very outset, does not stem from any kind of a rebellious, a contrarian or a recalcitrant approach but intends to ensure that the field is suitably modernized keeping in mind the requirements of the Twenty-first century without jettisoning appreciable or profitable aspects of existing approaches. This paper attempts, at the same time to steer clear of the perils and pitfalls of postmodernism and intellectual nerdism and forge a new trajectory altogether. This approach also seeks to be as commodious and all-encompassing as possible by proactively embracing as many existing approaches as possible except dour and anachronistic ones, and others that have outlived their utility. It also seeks to formulate dialectical approaches in all facets and endeavours. We also argue that this is not only because all existing approaches are inadequate to cater to the rapidly changing requirements of the Twenty-First Century but also because we are already at the thin end of the wedge and existing approaches are inevitably fraught with unsavoury consequences, and will throw up counter-reactions in the longer term. As noted in our earlier papers, dialectical approaches and approaches based on critical analysis and scientific method would be the key to grappling with the sobering realities and the changed requirements of the Twenty-first century and would be the keystone to further progress across varied disciplines. This paper also emphasizes the proactive aspect of historiography, as this is at the core of all efforts to make it a meaningful and a modern discipline. This paper also delineates the social duties and functions of a historian and reinforces his role and duties in ushering in rapid social and cultural change and expediting scientific progress across disciplines. ‘Historiography by Objectives’ and other attendant approaches, first mooted in the aforesaid paper, continue, of course, to be an inalienable part of the overall proposals of this paper.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
HISTORY A SCIENCE OR An ART.pptx
1. HISTORY A SCIENCE OR AN ART
Dr. T. HEMA
Head of the Department
E.M.G. Yadava Women’s College
Women’s College
Madurai 14
2. INTRODUCTION
There is a controversy amongst the scholars whether
history is a science or an art.
Traditionally history is considered as an art, for it
attempts a narrative of events and imparts a knowledge of
intellectual utility.
The historical books of Gibbon, Macculay, Travelyan and
J.N Sarkar are considered as part of literary work.
3. J.B Bury considered “History is a science no less and no more’.
Ranke the father of Modern Historian also gave the same view.
John seeley, R.G. Colling wood and Yarkpowell too declared that
history was nothing but a science.
4. HISTORY IS A SCIENCE
History employs scientific methods of investigation and
aims at the attainment of truth.
History as well as science depend upon systematic
methods in the investigation of a problem, collection of
right evidences, analysis of data and arrival of
generalization.
5. SOCIAL SCIENCE
History is a social science discussing social relations.
As a science dealing with the condition of mankind living
in social state, discover general laws, which govern these
conditions and bring about such developments like
progress or delay of civilization ,rise and fall of state.
6. The goal of both history and science is the same,
namely the establishments of truth.
Like science history begins from the knowledge of
our own ignorance and proceed from the known
to unknown, from the ignorance to knowledge,
from indefinite to definite.
7. HISTORY IS A SCIENCE BUT NOT AN EXACT SCIENCE
History differs from the exact sciences, both in its
commencement and conclusion.
Exact sciences starts with assumptions.
History commences with facts instead of
assumption deals with facts as they come under
his observation.
8. In science the result of an experiment is the same
for all the scientists
In History it is not possible for it differs according
to the historian perspective.
Science is experimental and its results could be
repeated or reproduced.
History is not experimental and historical events
could not be repeated.
9. IS IT AN ART?
History concerned with human values and its
replete with material useful of artistic works.
It is not differ from art subjects like literature or
music.
Carlyle and Macaulay gave importance to the
literary qualities of history.
The historical works of Victorian England were
noted for their high literary charm and they were
considered as literary masterpieces.
10. CONCLUSION
History is an intellectual utility. Understanding of
the problem of the present day , the politicians,
administration and diplomats seek explanation from
the pages of history.
History cannot predict the future, the future its used
for practical guidance.
