Rise of magadha
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The document summarizes the rise of the Magadha kingdom and the administrative structure of the Mauryan Empire under Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka. It describes how the Magadha rulers grew powerful due to their iron resources and strategic locations. It then outlines the three levels of administration in the Mauryan Empire - the central, provincial, and local levels - and some of the key positions and departments at each level, such as the council of ministers, accountant general, and district officers.
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Magadh
The document summarizes the key factors that contributed to the rise of the Magadha kingdom in ancient India, including its strategic geographical location along important trade routes, fertile agricultural lands, mineral resources, growing population and economic prosperity, interaction of Aryan and non-Aryan cultures, and its control over important river ports along the Ganges river which allowed it to dominate trade in northern India. Politically, the rivalry among other states and lack of a unified resistance prevented opposition to Magadha's expansion and consolidation of power in the region.
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The document summarizes the rise of the Magadha Empire in ancient India. Some key factors that contributed to its rise included its natural boundaries along rivers, abundant natural resources like iron ore, control of trade routes along rivers and land, fertile land from Himalayan rivers, supportive population, and enthusiastic rulers from dynasties like the Haryanka and Nanda. The Magadha Empire was centered around cities like Rajgriha and Pataliputra (modern Patna) and benefited from available resources like elephants, iron ore, and skilled artisans to develop strong military forces and specialized industries. Successive rulers expanded the empire through conquests of neighboring regions.
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Magadh kingdom
This presentation is based on the history of Ancient India. It gives us concise information about the Magadh Kingdom.
To know more about, v our Youtube channel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-hoTwNSON-k
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3) During the Early Vedic period, the Aryans were nomadic tribes who migrated according to seasons and their main occupation was animal husbandry. In the Later Vedic period, they settled in villages and towns and took up agriculture in addition to animal husbandry.
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This presentation is based on the history of Ancient India. It gives us concise information about the Magadh Kingdom.
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2) The Aryans migrated to India through the Khyber and Bolan passes from Central Asia, settling first in the land of the seven rivers (Sapta Sindhu) in modern-day Pakistan and Punjab.
3) During the Early Vedic period, the Aryans were nomadic tribes who migrated according to seasons and their main occupation was animal husbandry. In the Later Vedic period, they settled in villages and towns and took up agriculture in addition to animal husbandry.
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The Mauryan Empire was a large empire in ancient India ruled by the Mauryan dynasty from 322-185 BCE. It was founded by Chandragupta Maurya who defeated the Nanda Empire with the help of his advisor Chanakya. The empire expanded under Emperor Ashoka after he conquered the state of Kalinga, which prompted him to adopt Buddhism. At its height, the Mauryan Empire stretched across most of South Asia and implemented an advanced administrative system governed from its capital of Pataliputra.
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The Mauryan Empire was a large empire in ancient India ruled by the Mauryan dynasty from 324-185 BCE. It originated in the kingdom of Magadha and was established by Chandragupta Maurya. Under Chandragupta and his successors, the empire expanded south and west across the Indian subcontinent through conquest and treaty. Chandragupta defeated the Nanda Dynasty and the Seleucid Empire led by Seleucus I Nicator. The empire reached its peak under Ashoka the Great in the 3rd century BCE, making it one of the largest empires in ancient history. Mauryan art and architecture flourished during this period, influenced by Ashoka's adoption of Buddhism.
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This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
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The document provides an overview of the Mauryan Empire located in the Indian subcontinent. It discusses the origins of the empire in the late 7th to 5th century BC with the rise of 16 major kingdoms. The Mauryan dynasty was established under Chandragupta Maurya in the 4th century BC and expanded to include most of South Asia under the rule of Ashoka in the 3rd century BC. The empire had an advanced administrative structure, strong military, and economy driven by agriculture and trade.
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The document provides details about the Mughal Empire from various literary and architectural sources. It describes Abul Fazl's literary work Ain-i-Akbari which discusses the administration and household of Emperor Akbar across 5 books. It also summarizes important Mughal architectural monuments like Humayun's Tomb, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra Fort, Taj Mahal, Jama Masjid and Red Fort. Furthermore, it outlines the six major Mughal emperors from Babur to Aurangzeb and highlights some of their key military conquests, administrative reforms and policies.
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- The civilization developed on the Indus River valley and two major sites are Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. Archaeological remains provide information about the civilization.
- It had an extensive territory covering parts of modern India and Pakistan and advanced urban planning with standardized brick architecture and drainage systems.
- The civilization engaged in extensive trade networks reaching Mesopotamia and other regions. Metallurgy and crafts like pottery were highly developed.
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The plaintiff first files a complaint with the registration officer, then speaks in open court regarding their complaint before a summons is issued. The plaintiff must provide details of the complaint including year, location, parties involved, injury/loss, and pay court fees. The defendant is summoned if the complaint is legally acceptable. The defendant then files a written response to the plaintiff's points. The trial involves examining documents, possession, and at least three witness testimonies. Justice is based on legal codes, social norms, and close scrutiny of all case details. Methods of proof are either human (documents, possession, witnesses) or divine (ordeals), with ordeals only used when other methods are not feasible.
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一比一原版(Lincoln毕业证)新西兰林肯大学毕业证如何办理
Lincoln硕士毕业证成绩单【微信95270640】办理新西兰林肯大学毕业证原版一模一样、Lincoln毕业证制作【Q微信95270640】《新西兰林肯大学毕业证购买流程》《Lincoln成绩单制作》新西兰林肯大学毕业证书Lincoln毕业证文凭新西兰林肯大学
本科毕业证书,学历学位认证如何办理【留学国外学位学历认证、毕业证、成绩单、大学Offer、雅思托福代考、语言证书、学生卡、高仿教育部认证等一切高仿或者真实可查认证服务】代办国外（海外）英国、加拿大、美国、新西兰、澳大利亚、新西兰等国外各大学毕业证、文凭学历证书、成绩单、学历学位认证真实可查。
[留学文凭学历认证(留信认证使馆认证)新西兰林肯大学毕业证成绩单毕业证证书大学Offer请假条成绩单语言证书国际回国人员证明高仿教育部认证申请学校等一切高仿或者真实可查认证服务。
多年留学服务公司,拥有海外样板无数能完美1:1还原海外各国大学degreeDiplomaTranscripts等毕业材料。海外大学毕业材料都有哪些工艺呢？工艺难度主要由：烫金.钢印.底纹.水印.防伪光标.热敏防伪等等组成。而且我们每天都在更新海外文凭的样板以求所有同学都能享受到完美的品质服务。
国外毕业证学位证成绩单办理方法：
1客户提供办理新西兰林肯大学新西兰林肯大学毕业证学位证信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）
— — — — 我们是挂科和未毕业同学们的福音我们是实体公司精益求精的工艺！ — — — -
一真实留信认证的作用(私企外企荣誉的见证):
1：该专业认证可证明留学生真实留学身份同时对留学生所学专业等级给予评定。
2：国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书这个入网证书并且可以归档到地方。
3：凡是获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内将在公安部网内查询个人身份证信息后同步读取人才网入库信息。
4：个人职称评审加20分个人信誉贷款加10分。
5：在国家人才网主办的全国网络招聘大会中纳入资料供国家500强等高端企业选择人才。问山娃想买什么想吃什么山娃知道父亲赚钱很辛苦除了书籍和文具山娃啥也不要能牵着父亲的手满城闲逛他已心满意足了父亲连挑了三套童装叫山娃试穿山娃有点不想父亲说城里不比乡下要穿得漂漂亮亮爸怎么不穿得漂亮望着父亲山娃反问道父亲听了并不回答只是吃吃地笑山娃很精神越逛越起劲父亲却越逛越疲倦望着父亲呵欠连天的样子山娃也说困了累了回家吧小屋闷罐一般头顶上的三叶扇彻夜呜呜作响搅得满屋热气腾腾也搅得山娃心烦意乱父亲一的
Incometax Compliance_PF_ ESI- June 2024
This document briefly explains the June compliance calendar 2024 with income tax returns, PF, ESI, and important due dates, forms to be filled out, periods, and who should file them?.
原版制作(PSU毕业证书)宾州州立大学公园分校毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(PSU毕业证书)宾州州立大学公园分校毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Matthew Professional CV experienced Government Liaison
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Rise of magadha
- 2. Rise of Magadha Limits of Aryans area extended to up to Vindhyas There were 16 Mahajapadas with in the Aryans area. Kamboja, Assaka, Vasta, Surasena, Chedi, Malla, Kuru, Panchala, Matsya, Anga, Kosala, Magadha, Kashi, Anga, Avanti, Gandhara, Rise of Magadha: Ambitious attacks of Magadha rulers Richest iron deposits were enable them to make weapons The two capitals of Magadha i.e Rajagriha and Pataliputra located very strategic points.
- 3. • Rajagriha was surrounded by a group of five hills and so it was rendered impregnable (vaihara, varaha, vrishabha and chaityaka) • Pataliputra (Kusumapura) were situated at the confluence of the Ganga, the Gandak and the son and Ghagra • Pataliputra was a true water fort ( jaladurga) as it was surrounded by rivers on almost all sides.
- 9. Asoka
- 10. Mauryan Empire 321BC-185BC Kautilya’s Arthasastra Visakhadatta’s Mudrarakshasa Religious sources Brahimanical texts, Buddhist literature Sri Lankan Chronicles: Dipavamsa and Mahavamsa Tibitan and Chainese Buddhist sources Megasthenes: Indica Archaeological sources: inscriptions of Asoka
- 11. Chandra Gupta Maurya 321-295 B.C Bindusara: 297-272 B.C Asoka: 268-232 B.C Last ruler :Brihadradha
- 12. • Central administration • Provincial administration • Local administration
- 14. Empire level Administration • King was the supreme regarding general administration, military and Justice • A council of ministers or advisory body to advise the king in the administration. • Purohita, Senapati, Mahamantri and Yuvaraja acted as ministers • Amatyas: administrative personnel or civil servants. All type of appointments • Superintendent or Adhyakshas ( heads of various departments) • 27 adhyakshas in central administration
- 15. • Akshapataladhyaksha was the Accountant- General • Sitadhyaksha : Agriculture • Navadhyaksha: Superintendent of Ports • Punyadhyaksha: commerce • Sulkadhyaksha: Collection of customs and tolls
- 16. Military Department It was under the control of senapati There were six wings of adhayakshas under senapati i.e. infantry (Padadhyaksha ) Cavalry ( asvadhayaksha) War elephants( hastyadhyaksha) Navy ( Navadhyaksha) Chariots ( rathadhyaksha) Armory ( ayudhagaradhyaksha)
- 17. Revenue Department: It was under control of an account general called Akshapataldhyaksa Sannidata: storage of royal treasure and of the state income both cash and kind Samaharta: collection of revenue from various parts of kingdom The chief source of revenue was the land tax which was 1/6 to ¼ of the produce Sources of revenue: through mines, forests, tolls, fines, licenses, manufactured products and merchandise of various types of stones
- 18. Judicial Administration: King was the fountain head of law and justice Source of law: Dharma ( Sacred Law) vyavahara ( usage) Charitam ( customs and precedents) Dharmasteya Kantaksodhanas There were special courts in the cities and villages presided over by the pradesika, Mahamatras and rajuks
- 19. • Pradeshika were the principal police officers, whose duty was to investigate the crimes committed in the region within their jurisdiction. • A separate police station established in every 800, 400, 200 and 10 villages.
- 20. Provincial administration The empire was divided into four provinces Uttarapatha Taxila Dakshinapura Suvarnagiri Avantipura Ujjain Prachyapatha Tosali
- 21. • Viceroy was the head of the provincial administration • Viceroy had the powers to appoint some of his official such as the Mahamattas, who went on tour very five years. • Provinces were subdivided into district for purposes of administration District • Pradesika: General administration • Rajuka: Surveying and assessing land • Yukta : secretarial work and accounting
- 22. Tahsil administration A group of five or ten villages formed as tahsil Gopa: setting of village boundaries, census of population Stanika: tax collector (under pradesika) Village administration Smallest unit of administration and it enjoyed autonomy to a great extent Gramika was the head of village and he was assisted by Gram-vrudhas
- 23. Municipal administration Nagara: head of town The city was administered by a council of 30 members divided into 6 boards Board of industries Board for Foreigners Board of Census Board for Trade and Commerce Board for manufactured goods Board for taxes