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Histology
The document introduces the four basic tissue types - epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue. It states that all animals are composed of only these four tissue types, which are organized to form organs and functional systems of the body. Examples of each tissue type are then described, including their locations, shapes, and main functions. Epithelial tissues cover surfaces, connective tissues provide structure and binding, muscle tissues enable movement, and nervous tissues transmit signals. Life processes like respiration, circulation, and digestion rely on the coordinated function of these four tissue types.
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Histology
- 1. Introduction to Histology •Four basic tissue types: Epithelial connective muscle nervous • All animals are composed of ONLY these four tissue types • Tissue types are organized to form organs, which form the functional systems of the body
- 2. Epithelial tissueEpithelial tissue •Function: covers the internal andFunction: covers the internal and external surfaces of the bodyexternal surfaces of the body • Four types: Squamous, cuboidal,Four types: Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, and transitionalcolumnar, and transitional • Organized in layers: simple or stratifiedOrganized in layers: simple or stratified
- 3. Examples: Epithelial • TransitionalTransitional epithelial:found inepithelial: found in the bladderthe bladder • Stretches as theStretches as the bladder becomesbladder becomes fullfull p. 158 F draw above
- 4. Examples: Epithelial • Simplesquamous:Simple squamous: lines blood vesselslines blood vessels and lungsand lungs • Allows forAllows for increased bloodincreased blood flow and increasedflow and increased oxygen diffusionoxygen diffusion p. 157 A
- 5. Examples: Epithelial • Stratifiedsquamous: lines the mouth, esophagus, cervix and skin • Several layers offers protection to outer layers and membranes of body. p. 157 B
- 6. Examples: Epithelial • Simplecolumnar: digestive tracts • Cells mixed with goblet cells that secrete mucous to aid in digestion p. 158 D
- 7. Example Location Shape(form) Function Transitional epithelium Bladder Layer with no specific shape, Cells can stretch Allow bladder to stretch as it fills Simple squamous Lungs, blood vessels Flat and thin layer Increase flow and absorption rate through tubes Stratified squamous Skin, esophagus, mouth cervix Several layers of thin flat cells Provide protection from abrasions Simple columnar Digestive tract One cell layer of rectangular cells mixed with goblet (mucous – producing) cells Aid in digestion with mucous production
- 8. Connective • Function: Bindand support otherFunction: Bind and support other tissuestissues • Several types:Several types: – BoneBone – BloodBlood – CT proper: dense and looseCT proper: dense and loose – AdiposeAdipose – CartilageCartilage
- 9. Examples: Connective • CTproper: • Collagen fibers (vitamin C) – Loose: ECM – Dense: tendons and ligaments p. 159 A
- 10. Examples: Connective • BoneBone –Dense, hardDense, hard mineral matrixmineral matrix – Replaced everyReplaced every 9 months.9 months. p. 161 E
- 11. Examples: Connective • Blood –To circulate materials throughout the organism – RBC’s: contain hemoglobin to allow for oxygen to be carried to the tissues. p. 160 C
- 12. Examples: ConnectiveExamples: Connective •Cartilage: vary in # of fibers and blood supply – Hyaline: ribs, trachea, joints – Elastic: ears, larynx – Fibro: spinal chord p. 160 D
- 13. Examples: Connective • Adiposetissue: – Insulation – Energy Storage p. 159 A
- 14. Muscle tissueMuscle tissue •Function: Able to contract forFunction: Able to contract for locomotion.locomotion. • Three types: skeletal, cardiac andThree types: skeletal, cardiac and smoothsmooth
- 15. Muscle tissueMuscle tissue •Skeletal: voluntary, striated, multinucleate cells • Muscles attached to bones for voluntary movement p. 161 A
- 16. Muscle tissue • Smooth: –Non-striated, spindle-shaped, uni- nucleate involuntary cells • Muscles found in digestive tract, respiratory tract, etc. p. 161 B
- 17. Muscle tissue • Cardiac:involuntary, striated,branched, uni-nucleate cells • Only found in the heart p. 161 D
- 18. Nervous tissueNervous tissue •Function: Respond toFunction: Respond to stimuli and transmit impulses.stimuli and transmit impulses. • Cells are called neuronsCells are called neurons • Composed of cell body, axon andComposed of cell body, axon and dendrites.dendrites. • Single cell may run up to several feetSingle cell may run up to several feet long.long. p. 161 IV
- 19. Life Processes • Respiration •Circulation • Responsiveness • Boundary Maintenance • Movement • Adaptation • Digestion • Absorption • Assimilation • Excretion • Reproduction 1 3 4 5 6 11 10 9 8 7 2
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- 21. • Alveoli oflungs with pneumonia
- 22. • Emphysema in alveoliof lungs
- 23. • Sickle cellanemia
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- 27. • Normal Bone*Diseased • Osteoporosis
- 28. • Infected mammarygland from silicone leak
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- 30. • Cardiac tissueafter cocaine use
- 31. • Cardiac tissuefollowing myocardial infarction