This document provides an introduction to bioethics. It defines ethics as the study of morality and human behavior, and bioethics as the application of ethical principles to life sciences and medicine. The document traces the birth and development of bioethics, including historical codes like the Hippocratic Oath, and key events that shaped research ethics and clinical ethics like the Nazi experiments, Tuskegee study, and Belmont Report. It discusses emerging issues in areas like artificial organs, new reproductive technologies, and end of life care. The document emphasizes that clarifying current problems in biomedicine requires understanding the nature and dignity of the human person.
Concepts and principles of bioethics for the students of health professionsK Raman Sethuraman
Students and many educators have difficulty in differentiating among Legal, Ethical and Moral viewpoints. After explaining these terms, the concept of biomedical ethics, a brief history of its origin in the post-War period and the components of ethics are explained. The final part is on Nursing ethics, attributes of an ethical nurse and ethical challenges faced by the nursing profession.
History of bioethics describes the evolution of medical ethics over centuries and the reasons for introduction of various ethical decelerations and codes.
For my Capstone Course (Contemporary issues in Organizational Leadership) my group decided to discuss the ethics in regards to medical research and treatment, which has been an ongoing debate in our society.
Concepts and principles of bioethics for the students of health professionsK Raman Sethuraman
Students and many educators have difficulty in differentiating among Legal, Ethical and Moral viewpoints. After explaining these terms, the concept of biomedical ethics, a brief history of its origin in the post-War period and the components of ethics are explained. The final part is on Nursing ethics, attributes of an ethical nurse and ethical challenges faced by the nursing profession.
History of bioethics describes the evolution of medical ethics over centuries and the reasons for introduction of various ethical decelerations and codes.
For my Capstone Course (Contemporary issues in Organizational Leadership) my group decided to discuss the ethics in regards to medical research and treatment, which has been an ongoing debate in our society.
The Belmont Report (Three Benchmark Rules)ClinosolIndia
The Belmont Report, published in 1979, is a seminal document in the field of research ethics. It was developed by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research in response to unethical research practices, particularly the infamous Tuskegee Syphilis Study. The report sets forth three fundamental ethical principles, often referred to as the "Three Benchmark Rules," that guide the ethical conduct of research involving human subjects. These principles are:
Respect for Persons:
The principle of respect for persons emphasizes the autonomy and dignity of individuals. It requires that individuals be treated as autonomous agents capable of making informed decisions about their participation in research. Researchers must obtain informed consent from potential subjects and provide them with all relevant information regarding the purpose, risks, benefits, and alternatives of the study. Special provisions must be made for individuals with diminished autonomy, such as children or those with cognitive impairments, to ensure their rights and welfare are protected.
Beneficence:
The principle of beneficence emphasizes the obligation to maximize benefits and minimize harm to research subjects. Researchers must ensure that the potential benefits of the study outweigh the potential risks. They should conduct a thorough risk-benefit analysis and design their studies to maximize potential benefits while minimizing any potential harm or discomfort to participants. Additionally, researchers must make ongoing assessments of the risks and benefits throughout the course of the study and take necessary steps to minimize harm and maximize benefits.
Justice:
The principle of justice requires the fair distribution of the burdens and benefits of research. It emphasizes the need for equal access to participation in research, regardless of factors such as race, gender, socioeconomic status, or other characteristics. Researchers must ensure that the selection of research subjects is fair and avoid exploiting vulnerable populations. Additionally, the benefits derived from research should be distributed equitably, ensuring that the burdens of research are not borne solely by disadvantaged groups while the benefits accrue to others.
These Three Benchmark Rules provided in the Belmont Report serve as the foundation for modern ethical guidelines and regulations governing research involving human subjects. They have significantly influenced the development of ethical review boards and informed consent processes, ensuring the protection of individuals' rights and well-being in research studies.
Overview on Islamic Bioethics. This is the second part of the introduction to medical ethics. It was delivered to the medical students at Al-Farabi Medical Colleges in Riyadh
The presentation explains the principles of medical ethics and describes important terms on the subject. Brief descriptions of codes of medical ethics are covered but for details actual documents may be referred.
BIOETHICS, a bridge between the facts and moral behaviour.UAS,GKVK<BANGALORE
Ethics guides us to make choices or judgements from the wrong to right.Bioethics refer a study of the ethical issues arising from health care, biological and medical sciences.
The Belmont Report (Three Benchmark Rules)ClinosolIndia
The Belmont Report, published in 1979, is a seminal document in the field of research ethics. It was developed by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research in response to unethical research practices, particularly the infamous Tuskegee Syphilis Study. The report sets forth three fundamental ethical principles, often referred to as the "Three Benchmark Rules," that guide the ethical conduct of research involving human subjects. These principles are:
Respect for Persons:
The principle of respect for persons emphasizes the autonomy and dignity of individuals. It requires that individuals be treated as autonomous agents capable of making informed decisions about their participation in research. Researchers must obtain informed consent from potential subjects and provide them with all relevant information regarding the purpose, risks, benefits, and alternatives of the study. Special provisions must be made for individuals with diminished autonomy, such as children or those with cognitive impairments, to ensure their rights and welfare are protected.
Beneficence:
The principle of beneficence emphasizes the obligation to maximize benefits and minimize harm to research subjects. Researchers must ensure that the potential benefits of the study outweigh the potential risks. They should conduct a thorough risk-benefit analysis and design their studies to maximize potential benefits while minimizing any potential harm or discomfort to participants. Additionally, researchers must make ongoing assessments of the risks and benefits throughout the course of the study and take necessary steps to minimize harm and maximize benefits.
Justice:
The principle of justice requires the fair distribution of the burdens and benefits of research. It emphasizes the need for equal access to participation in research, regardless of factors such as race, gender, socioeconomic status, or other characteristics. Researchers must ensure that the selection of research subjects is fair and avoid exploiting vulnerable populations. Additionally, the benefits derived from research should be distributed equitably, ensuring that the burdens of research are not borne solely by disadvantaged groups while the benefits accrue to others.
These Three Benchmark Rules provided in the Belmont Report serve as the foundation for modern ethical guidelines and regulations governing research involving human subjects. They have significantly influenced the development of ethical review boards and informed consent processes, ensuring the protection of individuals' rights and well-being in research studies.
Overview on Islamic Bioethics. This is the second part of the introduction to medical ethics. It was delivered to the medical students at Al-Farabi Medical Colleges in Riyadh
The presentation explains the principles of medical ethics and describes important terms on the subject. Brief descriptions of codes of medical ethics are covered but for details actual documents may be referred.
BIOETHICS, a bridge between the facts and moral behaviour.UAS,GKVK<BANGALORE
Ethics guides us to make choices or judgements from the wrong to right.Bioethics refer a study of the ethical issues arising from health care, biological and medical sciences.
deals with biosafety in medical labs. universal safety precautions included. Includes updated 8 categories and colour coding for BMW management. Being a budding microbiologist, kept it focused on microbiology lab
Ethical issues in biotechnology and related areas.
For soft copy of this document please feel free to contact us on info@biotechsupportbase.com or snjogdand@gmail.com
Notwithstanding the unprecedented advances the medical science has achieved, the fundamental value system of it’s practitioners has crumbled to a great extent. The principles and the foundations of the noble profession at present are very shaky and wobbly. The need and greed of lucre is the ‘principal principle’ which seems to be ruling this ‘materialistic’ world. Original guidelines of the Fathers of Medicine seem to be slowly fading away. Therefore it is the necessity in these testing times to introspect deeply and reinvent the vanishing science of ‘Medical Deontology.'
Updated Presentation has been uploaded replete with pertinent examples of the principles to make it more interesting and interactive training session!
Prof. Panditrao has added his original work on the subject of 'Medical Deontology'/Medical Ethics... a Powerpoint version and updated presentation of his editorial on the same topic. He expands his own ideas, priniples and moral values on this very very important but now and virtually neglected topic. The powerpoint presentation has been updated with specific and pertinent examples so that, while training the younger generation, it can become an interactive session
Presented at the Health Informatics and Health Information Technology Course, Doctor of Philosophy and Master of Science Programs in Data Science for Health Care (International Program), Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University on October 31, 2017
Presented at the M.S. and Ph.D. Programs in Data Science for Health Care, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand on November 14, 2019
Presented at the Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy Programs in Data Science for Healthcare and Clinical Informatics, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand on November 15, 2021
History,evaluation,principles and players of bioethics its importance why it is prerequisite to follow ,how to resolve a dilemma which arise during a research and to make considerations in such dilemma
The Book of Joshua is the sixth book in the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament, and is the first book of the Deuteronomistic history, the story of Israel from the conquest of Canaan to the Babylonian exile.
In Jude 17-23 Jude shifts from piling up examples of false teachers from the Old Testament to a series of practical exhortations that flow from apostolic instruction. He preserves for us what may well have been part of the apostolic catechism for the first generation of Christ-followers. In these instructions Jude exhorts the believer to deal with 3 different groups of people: scoffers who are "devoid of the Spirit", believers who have come under the influence of scoffers and believers who are so entrenched in false teaching that they need rescue and pose some real spiritual risk for the rescuer. In all of this Jude emphasizes Jesus' call to rescue straying sheep, leaving the 99 safely behind and pursuing the 1.
Lesson 9 - Resisting Temptation Along the Way.pptxCelso Napoleon
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MAGAZINE: THE CAREER THAT IS PROPOSED TO US: The Path of Salvation, Holiness and Perseverance to Reach Heaven
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Presentation: Missionary Celso Napoleon
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The PBHP DYC ~ Reflections on The Dhamma (English).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint Presentation based on the Dhamma Reflections for the PBHP DYC for the years 1993 – 2012. To motivate and inspire DYC members to keep on practicing the Dhamma and to do the meritorious deed of Dhammaduta work.
The texts are in English.
For the Video with audio narration, comments and texts in English, please check out the Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zF2g_43NEa0
The Good News, newsletter for June 2024 is hereNoHo FUMC
Our monthly newsletter is available to read online. We hope you will join us each Sunday in person for our worship service. Make sure to subscribe and follow us on YouTube and social media.
What Should be the Christian View of Anime?Joe Muraguri
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The Chakra System in our body - A Portal to Interdimensional Consciousness.pptxBharat Technology
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4. What is Ethics?
• Greek word “ethos” – behavior
or custom that is permanent –
”ethics”
• Latin’s “mos” or “moris” –
“morals”
• Basic human behaviors that are
specific & inherent to human
beings
• Natural to human which
confers and develops goodness
in them
5. What is Ethics?
• A sense of right & wrong from
which human actions proceeds
• Study of the morality of the
human act (Moral philosophy)
• Guides both speculative &
practical intellect in the
acquisition of ethical principles
in concrete human conduct
6. What is Ethics?
• ETHICS is the rational
inquiry into what
constitutes human
happiness in the light of
human nature as reflected
in human conduct
empirically and
emphatically observed.
7. What is Ethics?
•Ethics- study of the end
of man and of human
acts insofar as they are
related to that end.
9. What is BIOETHICS?
• “ethics of life” or of life science
• Health care ethics, medical
ethics or life ethics
• Application of the basic
principles of ethics to the new
possibilities opened by modern
biology & biotechnology with
regard to human life
• Professional ethics in allied
health
» Manlangit
10. What is BIOETHICS?
• Study of human actions of
allied health professionals
with regards to human life
and towards the patient
11. Rationale in the study of
Bioethics
• To address the perennial ethical
problems, issues, dilemmas
confronting health workers
• To address legal problems in health
care with ethical concerns
• To address the challenge of the
modern technology
• To address & enhance professional
development & ethical values of the
health professionals
16. Historical Codes
• Oath of Maimonides (1200)
– Look upon the sick with
empathy & respect
– Accept teaching of elders with
med skills
– Work for the benefit of the
mankind
17. Historical Codes
•Percival’s Code 1794
– 1st code of medical ethics adopted by
group of professional physicians
•American Medical Association
Code
– Duties & obligations of physician to
pts & to the society & the field of
medicine
18. Hippocratic Oath (400 BC)
“DO NO HARM”
•“and abstain from whatever in
deleterious & mischievous. I will
give no deadly medicine to any
one if asked, nor suggest any such
counsel; & in like manner I will
not give to woman a pessary to
produce abortion.”
19. THE TURNING POINT:
•The medical profession had
confront new questions,
raised directly as a result of
extraordinary progress
being made in biomedical
sciences.
20. Research Ethics:
• Nazi Experiments. 1940s
• Tuskegee Syphilis
Experiment (1930 – 1970)
• Jewish Chronic Disease
Study (1963)
• Willobrook Hepatitis Study
(1963 – 1966) – New York
21. Research Ethics:
Nazi Experimentation 1940’s
• Nazi Doctors’ horrific
experimentation on death
camp prisoners
• THE NUREMBERG CODE
– Recognizes the subject
23. Research Ethics:
• Jewish Chronic Disease
Study (1963)
– Tumor cells were injected into
elderly patients w/o permission
• Willobrook Hepatitis Study
(1963 – 1966) – New York
– Mentally disable children were
intentionally infected with
hepatitis.
24. Research Ethics
• NATIONAL RESEACH ACT
1974
• National Commission for the
Protection of Human Subject
of Biomedical & Behavioral
Research
25. BELMONT REPORT 1979
• 3 fundamental principles of
biomedical research ethics
• Respect for persons
• Beneficence
• Justice
• Importance of INFORMED
CONSENT
26. Ethical Concerns From
Research
• Artificial heart transplantation
– (1960) Dr. Denton Cooley’s
artificial heart -- w/o proper
ethical & regulatory overview
– 1980: Dr. Copeland – quality of
life
• Xenotransplantation – non
human to human
27. CLINICAL ETHICAL
ISSUES
• 1960: Kidney Dialysis machine:
“God Squad” – based from
value – laden, social worth
• New definition of Death by Ad
Hoc Committee at Harvard
University 1968
29. CLINICAL ETHICAL
ISSUES
• Dramatic Shift to civil liberties
and individual rights (1960 &
1970s)
• Women demanded greater
Privacy in Reproductive Decisions
• Patients demanded control over
their treatment decisions
30. CLINICAL ETHICAL
ISSUES
• Dramatic Shift to civil liberties and
individual rights (1960 & 1970s)
• Women demanded greater Privacy
in reproductive Decisions
• Patients demanded control over
their treatment decisions
• Artificial Reproductive technology
31. CLINICAL ETHICAL
ISSUES
• End of Life Issues:
• Patient Self Determination Act of
1991
• Advance directives & living will
• Right to Die Movement
• Oregon Death Dignity
37. Criteria to Judge Our Ethical
Choices
• Need to be founded in an
anthropology that contains
the objective truth about
man… nature of the
person… of his or her
truth….
• WHAT AND WHO IS THE
PERSON!
*At pnt in your life, questions with moral dimension? Goodness or badness of an action? If we will offend others?
*We tend to judge the external action of others – constantly evaluate the real world. We can say that a person is what his behavior manifest..good actions or bad actions? -- Purpose ..
** this is where ethics comes in.. It helps us establish norms and criteria for judging actions..
* Judge – our judgement has foundations or basis..
Human behavior – that is inherent to human beings; NOT etiquettes, social manner, convention or fashions – culture
**Mental-set, disposition or set of values & conviction to which is attributed a sense of right & wrong fr which human actions proceeds
** points to way to moral living & compels man to practice in it in his life & in the society.
How real event & stories shaped bioethics today
Understand the present
Learn from the past
Health care has been imbued with moral & religious significance
Grk philosphers – ponder issues related to personhood, virtous behavior by physicians & rules of med practice
Ancient Greece – Hippocratic Oath – 1st do no harm
---
Jewish physician & philosopers – Moses
AMA – adopted in philadelphia (1847) – duties & obligation of physicians to their ps & society & pt towards MD
NUREMBERG code – not legal but continues to influence the direction of research ethics policy & practice as it essentially captures historical events
-- informed consent, ensure objective protection
Study the developmental spread of tumors—
-- MR children – admittance into the home was contingent upon parents
Commission was a multidiciplinary grp – scientist, moral theologian, ethicist – philosophers, policy experts
“identify the basic ethical principles that should underlie the conduct of biomedical & behavioral research involving human subjects & to develop guidelines w/c should be followed to assure that such research is conducted with those principles.
Commission promulgated the BELMONT REPORT
Risks:
God squad – who to live & who to die
Control of life
Control of the begginning of life; change in definition of conception of embryo in OB gyne Book
Control of the begginning of life; change in definition of conception of embryo in OB gyne Book
Control of the begginning of life; change in definition of conception of embryo in OB gyne Book