Concept of high-speed Train :- The council of the European union in their directive no. 96/48/EC has defined the term “High Speed” covering all railway express services operated at speeds in the 200 to 300 km/h range. This includes railway lines: Built specially for high speed generally equal to or greater than 250 km/h. Specially upgraded for high speed travels of the order of 200 km/h.

1. @ ProBotiZ Group
Seminar On
““High Speed TiltingHigh Speed Tilting
TrainsTrains””
Mr. KONAL SINGHMr. KONAL SINGH
Director and Founder of
ProBotiZ Group, NagpurProBotiZ Group, Nagpur
(W) - Probotizgroup.com (M) - 8862098889, 9423632068 (E) - probotizinfo@gmail.com

2. @ ProBotiZ Group
Concept of high-speedConcept of high-speed
TrainTrain
The council of the European union in their directivedirective
no. 96/48/ECno. 96/48/EC has defined the term “High Speed”
covering all railway express services operated at speeds
in the 200 to 300 km/h range. This includes railway lines:
1. Built specially for high speed generally equal to or
greater than 250 km/h250 km/h..
2. Specially upgraded for high speed travels of the order of
200 km/h200 km/h.

3. @ ProBotiZ Group
• A tilting train is a train that has a mechanism enabling
increased speed on regular rail tracksincreased speed on regular rail tracks .
• As a train (or other vehicle) rounds a curve at speed,
objects inside the train experience inertiainertia.
• This can cause
- packages to slideslide about or
- seated passengers to feel squashedsquashed.
• Standing passengersStanding passengers to lose their balance.
IntroductionIntroduction

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• Tilting trains are designed to counteract this discomfortdiscomfort.
• In a curve to the leftleft, the train tilts to the left to compensate for
the g-force push to the rightg-force push to the right, and vice versa
• The train may be constructed such that inertial forces cause the
tilting (passive tiltpassive tilt), or it may have a computer-controlled power
mechanism (active tiltactive tilt).
IntroductionIntroduction Cont.

5. @ ProBotiZ Group
HistoryHistory
• The first tilting train publically ran was 381 sreies electric
multiple unit train by JAPANESE NATIONALJAPANESE NATIONAL
RAILWAYSRAILWAYS from 10th
july 1973 between Nagoya &Nagoya &
NaganoNagano cities.
• The British advanced passengerBritish advanced passenger train was first train
to implement active tilt mechanism in year 1984-851984-85

6. @ ProBotiZ Group
HistoryHistory Cont.
• The first tilting train for commercially used United AircraftUnited Aircraft
TurbotrainTurbotrain by CANADIAN NATIONAL RAILWAYS inCANADIAN NATIONAL RAILWAYS in
1968.1968.
• The first European high speed trainEuropean high speed train was named TALGOTALGO
enabled with passive tilt in 19701970

7. @ ProBotiZ Group
Tilting TrainsTilting Trains
Problems with corners :Problems with corners :
– for building a high speed railway transport system...
• They can either invest money in the train to make it
tilt but use existing railway lines or they invest money
in a new railway but don't need to spend money on
expensive tilting mechanisms.
• This is why TGV, and ICE and bullet trains do not tilt,
because they have their own dedicated high speed
railway lines where curves are built with very high
radii. Tilting trains
Radius less then 600m

8. @ ProBotiZ Group
It is worth pointing out that the centrifugal force
is a function of
v2/r ,
where v is the velocity and r is the radius.
– if you double the velocity, you quadruple the
centrifugal force.
– Similarly, if you want to triple the velocity but
keep the centrifugal force the same, you must
increase the radius by a factor of nine!
Something not always possible.
– This is why even apparently gentle curves can
be much more of a problem with high speeds
than one might thing, because the force rises
with the square of velocity.
Tilting TrainsTilting Trains Cont.

9. @ ProBotiZ Group
Swede high-Speed TrainSwede high-Speed Train
The first high-speed tilting train, X 2000,
was delivered to Swedish State Railways in
1990 on the Stockholm - Gothenburg route.
Travel time for this route was reduced by
more than 25 percent with only minor
upgrading of the infrastructure.
The key to increased speeds lie in the radial
self-steering bogies whereby track forces
are reduced, allowing up to 50 percent
higher speed through curves.
Microprocessor-controlled, active
passenger car tilting technology assures
passenger comfort in curves.

10. @ ProBotiZ Group
Cornering force in high-Cornering force in high-
Speed TrainSpeed Train
Tilt is used primarily for comfort.
An accelerometer is fitted in the first
bogie of the train in the direction of
travel and measures lateral forces as
the train enters a curve. Computer-
controlled hydraulic ram tilt each
coach into the curve, up to a
maximum inclination of 6.5º. The
tilting system compensates for up to
75% of the lateral force of a curve.
Incidents of 'sea-sickness' or 'tilt
nausea’ can occur as 25% of lateral
forces are still felt by the passengers.

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Trains with tilting by inertial forces:
Tilting Train Around theTilting Train Around the
WORLDWORLD
TalgoTalgo 350 (SPAIN)
381 – EMU (JAPAN)
Acela ExpressAcela Express (US)
APT (UK)
Advance passenger train
Alpha PendulaAlpha Pendula (PORTUGAL)
Elettro Treno
(ITALY)

12. @ ProBotiZ Group
Future scopeFuture scope
• L-R-C (Light,Rapid,Comfortable)(Light,Rapid,Comfortable) Tilt mechanism can
be used .
• This mechanism is power driven,driven by
accelerometeraccelerometer.
• This enables high quality ride /journey for passenger with
comfort & safety.

13. @ ProBotiZ Group
ConclusionConclusion
• High speeds can be achieved by tilting Mechanism to
reduce journey timereduce journey time with excellent comfort, safetycomfort, safety
& satisfaction& satisfaction by innovative Technological aspect of
TILTING TRAINS.

14. @ ProBotiZ Group
ThankThank
YouYou