CNC Basics

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CONTACT FOR -CONTACT FOR - WORKSHOP, TRAINING & PROJECTSCONTACT FOR -CONTACT FOR - WORKSHOP, TRAINING & PROJECTS
ProBotiZ
ProBotiZ GroupProBotiZ Group
ProBotiZ….. Steps Into Virtual Technizz
Nagpur
(Established 2012)
“ Corporate Office: Indora Square, Kamptee
Road,Nagpur ”
Lashkaribagh Saw Mill Area, Nagpur - 17
0712-2645152 , 8862098889
probotizinfo@gmail.com
www.probotiztechniz.webs.com

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CNCCNC
PROGRAMMINGPROGRAMMING
BASICSBASICS
Mr. KONALMr. KONAL
B.E in Mechanical EngineeringB.E in Mechanical Engineering
Director & Founder ofDirector & Founder of PProroBBotiotiZZ
(M) -(M) - 94236320689423632068

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Program structure
Every program consists of:
1. Program Start
The program start is the program number. The program
number begins with character/letter O.
2. Program Contents
NC blocks
3. Program End
M30 for a main program
M17 for a sub-program0
CNC ProgrammingCNC Programming
BasicsBasics

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CNC Program NumbersCNC Program Numbers
Program Numbers
O6999
.
.
.
O0256
O0255
.
.
.
O0000

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CNC Program Blocks (1)CNC Program Blocks (1)
• N is the address
• Block numbers from N0000 to
• N9999
• A block consists of number and
words
• Words are contents of a block
• Block numbers are selected in
the jumps of ten for the purpose
of insertion

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• A block consists of one or more
blocks
• A Word consists of a character
(address) and a number.
• Every address has a certain
meaning, on which the
corresponding number depends
CNC Program Blocks (2)CNC Program Blocks (2)

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CNC Prog. Syntax RegulationsCNC Prog. Syntax Regulations
• The maximum block length must not exceeded four lines. If
max. length exceeded alarm 650 occurs.
• Every block starts with a block number.
• After the block numbers follows the G command.
• Words consists of coordinates X(U), Z(W).
• For G02, G03 program interpolation parameter I and K are
placed after X(U), Z(W).
• The F word (feed, thread pitch).
• The S word (cutting speed).
• The T word (tool address).
• The M word (additional functions).4

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Absolute Value ProgrammingAbsolute Value Programming
→ P0 N… …
P0 → P1 N… G01
X40. Z25. F…
P1 → P2 N… G01
X60. Z-40. F…
P2 → N… …
Absolute coordinate
system
Example:

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Incremental Value ProgrammingIncremental Value Programming
Incremental coordinate
system
Example:
→ P0 N… …
P0 → P1 N… G01 U5. W-25.
F…
P1 → P2 N… G01 X10. Z-15.
F…
P2 → N… …

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Mixed ProgrammingMixed Programming
Mixed
coordinate
system
Example:
→ P0 N… …
P0 → P1 N… G01 U5. W-25.
F…
P1 → P2 N… G01 X60. Z-15.
F…
P2 → N… …

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Self-holding Functions (1)Self-holding Functions (1)
• The majority of G and M commands and other words
are self-holding, remain active until overwritten or
deactivated/deselected.
• Aimed to simplify and to reduce programming tasks.
Example: G41 can be deactivated by issuing G40
command.

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Take-over of G00 commands in block N0110
In block N0120 G00 is deactivated by G01. G01 is active.
N0100 G00 X50. Z+10.
N0110 X36. Z+2.
N0120 G01 X40. Z-10. F…
N0050 M03
N0060 …
…
N0120 M04
Example 1:
Example 2:
M03 activated at N0050 and
effective from N0050
through N120. M03
deactivated at N0120 by
M04 command
Self-holding Functions (2)Self-holding Functions (2)

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Reference PointsReference Points
M = Machine zero point.
(unchangeable ref. Point
determined by machine
manufacturer)
N = Tool mounting
reference point
W = Work piece zero
point. (can be freely
determined by the
programmer and can be
moved within program

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Work piece (1)Work piece (1)

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Work piece (2)Work piece (2)

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G & M CommandsG & M Commands
G00: Rapid traverse
G01: Linear interpolation
G02: Circular interpolation clockwise
G03: Circular interpolation counter clockwise
G70: Measuring in Inch (USA)
G71: Measuring in mm (Other countries)
M03: Spindle ON clockwise
M04: Spindle ON counter clockwise
M20: Tailstock back
M21: Tailstock forward

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G00, Rapid TraverseG00, Rapid Traverse
Absolute dimensions of the
target point coordinates:
N030 G90
N040 G00 X48 Z-26
An absolute X coordinate
related to the diameter.
Incremental dimensions of
the target point coordinates:
N030 G91
N040 G00 X-10,5 Z-31
Tool position X69 Z5

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G01, Linear InterpolationG01, Linear Interpolation
P0: tool position
G90:
N030 G00 X39 Z2
N040 G01 X39 Z0
N050 G90
N060 G01 X48 Z-37
G91:
N030 G00 X39 Z2
N040 G01 X39 Z0
N050 G91
N060 G01 X4.5 Z-37
G01 X… Z…

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G90 & G91 CommandsG90 & G91 Commands
G90
G01 X+140 Z-90
Target point abs.
G91
G01 X+40 Z-60
Target point incr.
PO: Start Point
P1: Target Point

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Feel free to Contact –Feel free to Contact – (M)- 8862098889(M)- 8862098889
(T)- 0712-2645152(T)- 0712-2645152
Fallow us on -Fallow us on -
www.twitter.com/ProBotiZwww.twitter.com/ProBotiZ
probotizinfo@gmail.comprobotizinfo@gmail.com
www.facebook.com/ProBotiZwww.facebook.com/ProBotiZ
Mr. KONALMr. KONAL
Director ofDirector of PProroBBotiotiZZ
(M) -(M) - 94236320689423632068
Mr. SUNILMr. SUNIL
Technical Head atTechnical Head at PProroBBotiotiZZ
(M) -(M) - 89835778938983577893

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If y o u ha v e a n a p p l e a nd I
ha v e a n a p p l e a nd we
e x c ha ng e t he s e a p p l e s t he n
y o u a nd I wi l l s t i l l e a c h
ha v e o ne a p p l e . But i f y o u
ha v e a n i d e a a nd I ha v e a n

CNC Basics

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