On February 18, 2010, Richard Gallagher of Zurich presented the keynote presentation at the Fire Protection Research Foundation’s SUPDET 2010 event where he summarized the presentations of the previous day. Seven leading engineering firms presented their ideas on how best to protect a high challenge warehouse from fire.
warehouse storage - commuduties classifications.pptxYerrisiddappa K
1) Storage occupancies like warehouses present unique fire protection challenges due to factors like flammable goods, dense storage configurations, and high ceilings.
2) Sprinkler systems for storage occupancies must be carefully designed based on considerations like commodity classification, storage arrangement, height, and clearance.
3) NFPA 13 provides guidelines for designing sprinkler systems for different storage setups, ranging from shelving to palletized storage to rack storage. The appropriate sprinkler type, such as CMDA, CMSA, ESFR, or in-rack sprinklers, depends on the specific challenges of the storage occupancy.
The document discusses fire sprinkler systems for warehouses. It describes the different types of sprinklers used - CMDA, CMSA, and ESFR sprinklers. CMDA sprinklers are designed to control fires, while ESFR sprinklers provide early suppression of fires. The document also discusses factors that influence sprinkler system design for warehouses, such as commodity class, storage layout, ceiling height, and need for in-rack sprinklers. Designing sprinkler systems for warehouses is complex, with NFPA 13 providing guidance based on testing by FM Global.
This document lists over 100 NFPA codes and standards related to fire protection. It includes codes for fire sprinkler systems, portable fire extinguishers, flammable liquids, welding safety, electrical safety, and fire alarm systems. The codes address a wide range of industries and applications involving fire hazards.
This document discusses specialized water-based fire protection systems as alternatives to standard sprinkler systems. It describes fixed foam, water spray, foam-water, and water mist systems, noting their components, applications, and inspection requirements. These systems provide targeted protection for hazards where sprinklers would be inadequate, such as flammable liquid storage, using methods like foam application or ultra-fine water mist. Proper design, installation, and maintenance are needed to ensure effective performance.
This document discusses ventilation techniques for firefighters. It defines ventilation as the systematic removal of combustion byproducts to relieve heat and remove smoke and toxic gases. It identifies different types of ventilation including natural, mechanical, hydraulic, and various roof ventilation cuts. It emphasizes the importance of considering safety, obstacles, and factors that can affect ventilation when deploying these techniques. The goal is to use ventilation strategically as a tool to fight fires while avoiding risks to firefighters or fire spread.
This document summarizes fire protection systems, including different types of sprinkler systems, fire classes and extinguishing agents, and fire alarm and detection standards. It describes NFPA 13, 13D, and 13R sprinkler system standards and their applications based on occupancy classifications. The key aspects covered are the four classes of fire and appropriate extinguishing agents, as well as wet, dry, preaction, and deluge sprinkler systems.
warehouse storage - commuduties classifications.pptxYerrisiddappa K
1) Storage occupancies like warehouses present unique fire protection challenges due to factors like flammable goods, dense storage configurations, and high ceilings.
2) Sprinkler systems for storage occupancies must be carefully designed based on considerations like commodity classification, storage arrangement, height, and clearance.
3) NFPA 13 provides guidelines for designing sprinkler systems for different storage setups, ranging from shelving to palletized storage to rack storage. The appropriate sprinkler type, such as CMDA, CMSA, ESFR, or in-rack sprinklers, depends on the specific challenges of the storage occupancy.
The document discusses fire sprinkler systems for warehouses. It describes the different types of sprinklers used - CMDA, CMSA, and ESFR sprinklers. CMDA sprinklers are designed to control fires, while ESFR sprinklers provide early suppression of fires. The document also discusses factors that influence sprinkler system design for warehouses, such as commodity class, storage layout, ceiling height, and need for in-rack sprinklers. Designing sprinkler systems for warehouses is complex, with NFPA 13 providing guidance based on testing by FM Global.
This document lists over 100 NFPA codes and standards related to fire protection. It includes codes for fire sprinkler systems, portable fire extinguishers, flammable liquids, welding safety, electrical safety, and fire alarm systems. The codes address a wide range of industries and applications involving fire hazards.
This document discusses specialized water-based fire protection systems as alternatives to standard sprinkler systems. It describes fixed foam, water spray, foam-water, and water mist systems, noting their components, applications, and inspection requirements. These systems provide targeted protection for hazards where sprinklers would be inadequate, such as flammable liquid storage, using methods like foam application or ultra-fine water mist. Proper design, installation, and maintenance are needed to ensure effective performance.
This document discusses ventilation techniques for firefighters. It defines ventilation as the systematic removal of combustion byproducts to relieve heat and remove smoke and toxic gases. It identifies different types of ventilation including natural, mechanical, hydraulic, and various roof ventilation cuts. It emphasizes the importance of considering safety, obstacles, and factors that can affect ventilation when deploying these techniques. The goal is to use ventilation strategically as a tool to fight fires while avoiding risks to firefighters or fire spread.
This document summarizes fire protection systems, including different types of sprinkler systems, fire classes and extinguishing agents, and fire alarm and detection standards. It describes NFPA 13, 13D, and 13R sprinkler system standards and their applications based on occupancy classifications. The key aspects covered are the four classes of fire and appropriate extinguishing agents, as well as wet, dry, preaction, and deluge sprinkler systems.
A comprehensive approach to tank design and tank equipment selectionMohieddin Hadidi
Tank design consideration to achieve safety;reduce risk of unplanned maintenance;ensuring working capacity and maintenance.
benefits of a fixed roof over your floating roof.
Common questions about full-contact roofs.
illustration of tank components.
tight-fitting seals
FIre Fighting Elite Fire hydraulic Calculation As per NFPA Standardsureshvsvg
This document discusses mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) systems and fire protection systems. It covers topics such as the need for MEP systems, fire triangles, causes and classifications of fires, National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) codes, firefighting systems like sprinklers and pumps, and sizing of fire water tanks and diesel tanks. The document is intended as training material for fire protection system design and hydraulic calculations using Elite software.
The document provides guidance on fire safety approaches including prescriptive and performance-based methods. It discusses evaluating risks through assessment of hazards, occupancy profiles and fire growth rates. Means of escape and facilities for emergency services are covered. Special considerations like structure and management strategies are also summarized. Risk profiles are assigned based on occupancy and fire growth potential to determine appropriate fire resistance periods and travel distances. Additional protection measures can allow flexibility in building design requirements.
The document discusses hazard classifications for sprinkler protection, including light hazard, ordinary hazard group 1, ordinary hazard group 2, extra hazard group 1, and extra hazard group 2. The classifications are based on the quantity and combustibility of combustible materials and expected rate of heat release. Examples of different areas in office buildings, hospitals, hotels, and restaurants are provided for each hazard classification.
Standpipe and hose systems are required in buildings based on height, area, occupancy, and hazards. NFPA 14 establishes standards for standpipe classifications, types, components, and testing. Regular inspection and testing is essential to ensure standpipe systems will operate properly in an emergency.
The document discusses fire water pump systems, including their purpose of protecting life and property. It provides an overview of key components such as the pump, driver, controller, and sensing line arrangement. The document outlines pump characteristics, rated capacities, materials used, water supply sources, and types of pumps. It also discusses pump installation, jockey pumps, diesel, electric, and steam fire pump systems and their components. Testing organizations such as UL and FM are described.
This is the research presentation of Simulation based storage policy in a unit load warehouse, to identify optimum storage policy for different inventory scenarios
This document provides an overview and summary of a basic training course on petroleum storage tanks. It discusses various tank types including fixed roof tanks, internal floating roof tanks, and floating roof tanks. It covers tank design elements like the structure of the tank bottom and floor, thickness of bottom plates, and attachment of the bottom to the shell. It also addresses tank foundations, including the need for foundations to allow for leak detection. The goals of the training are identified as learning to identify tank types and equipment, understand tank limitations, perform volume calculations, and operate tanks safely.
Atmospheric Storage Tank Safety is dependent on various factors. To name a few:
1. Liquid movement in and out of the tank
2. Weather condition changes
3. Fire exposure
The presentation shows a basic overview of how we can create safe environment for storage and transportation of fluids.
This document provides a summary and introduction to a guide on using jet fans for smoke ventilation and control in enclosed car parks. It discusses the history and current requirements for car park ventilation, as well as more stringent smoke control requirements in some countries. The aim of the guide is to present formulas and methods to estimate the exhaust flow rates required for smoke control, taking into account the jet fan induced airflows and smoke mass flows from a fire. This will help designers size smoke control systems and perform initial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling before detailed design.
This document provides an overview of warehousing concepts including:
1) The need for warehouses to balance supply and demand and facilitate distribution.
2) Key considerations for warehouse setup such as site selection, management processes, and typical material flow.
3) The general workflow within warehouses including receipt of goods, putaway, storage, order picking, packing and dispatch.
4) Different types of material flows like "U flow" where receipt and dispatch are located at the same end to optimize dock resources.
This document outlines the mechanical design requirements and factors for storage tanks. It discusses key considerations like shell thickness determination, temperature effects, pressure, liquid properties, and corrosion allowance. Design codes and standards like API 650 provide guidelines for tank stress analysis and thickness calculations using methods like the 1-foot and variable-design-point approaches. Floating roof tanks are described as having advantages for reducing evaporation but being more complex to design and construct than fixed roof tanks. Design data ranges are also presented for temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind speed, and earthquake conditions.
This document provides an overview of a fire protection training session at QPS in Vadodara, India. It introduces the trainer, Abhijit Haldankar, who has over 25 years of experience in process and environmental safety. The agenda covers fire basics, regulations and standards, fire protection system design, fire water demand calculations, fire water pumps, and other fire protection topics. A recent fire incident at an FRP coating company is also described, where a fire started in a sheet metal coating machine and spread to a nearby resin storage area.
Design of Sprinkler System and CO2 Total Flooding System of Given Plan I Gaur...Gaurav Singh Rajput
This project includes two parts
1. Sprinkler System Design
2. CO2 Total Flooding System Design
In sprinkler system design first given plan were studied and its area divided on the basic of hazardous classification of building as per NBC Part- 4 and number of sprinklers required in area were calculated. Then pressure and flow rate of water at externa inlet valve were calculated. Number of hangers, range pipe and distribution pipes were calculated.
In CO2 Total Flooding System Design number of co2 cylinder required for the given compartment for total flooding system were calculated.
Gaurav Singh Rajput I gauravsinghrajput I gauravkrsrajput
Warehousing is expensive. cost of the land, building, machinery, labor and the items stored in the warehouse –consumes bulk of money
How do the companies reduce this cost
Maximize the operation by
Streamlining the placement and picking of goods
Reducing the time goods are stored in the warehouse
Automating as much as possible to minimize labor costs
This document discusses the impact of fire on building construction. It covers various building materials like wood, masonry, metal, concrete, gypsum and others, and how each is affected by heat. It also addresses construction classifications, occupancy types, and basic components of buildings like foundations, floors, walls, roofs, doors and windows. The document emphasizes that understanding building construction is essential for firefighter safety and effectively fighting fires.
This document summarizes different types of fire sprinkler systems and their components. It discusses how sprinklers work to suppress fires, noting that individual sprinkler heads activate independently when heated to a certain temperature by a fire. The document outlines the key components of sprinkler systems, including sprinkler heads, piping, a water source, and typically an alarm and control valves. It also summarizes different types of sprinkler systems like wet pipe, dry pipe, deluge, and pre-action systems and how they differ in components and fire detection/suppression operation.
This document provides important notices and disclaimers regarding NFPA standards. It states that NFPA develops standards through a consensus process but does not guarantee the accuracy of the information or endorse any judgments or opinions in the standards. It also notes that NFPA standards may be updated over time and provides instructions for determining the most current version. The document outlines NFPA's policies regarding intellectual property, compliance with laws, interpretations of standards, and other legal matters pertaining to the use of NFPA standards.
Aarush Fire Systems Pvt.Ltd is focused on being discriminate in firefighting industry by providing best quality products with paramount service back up as well as imparting knowledge of fire & safety to cultivate safety mindsets.
A warehouse management system (WMS) is software that facilitates warehouse operations and management. Dynamics NAV includes basic and advanced WMS functionality. The basic WMS allows for inventory put-away, pick, and movements. The advanced WMS adds additional documents and processes for receipt, put-away, pick, movement, and bin management. WMS supports inbound, internal, and outbound item flows in the warehouse through various documents and processes.
This document provides an overview of fire protection systems for buildings. It discusses causes of fires and safety regulations for building materials and design features to prevent fire spread. It also describes different types of active fire protection systems, including fire suppression systems like sprinklers, fire detection systems, and passive fire protection methods like fire-resistant construction materials and compartmentalization of buildings. The document outlines the key components and goals of both active and passive fire protection strategies.
This literature review chapter discusses the evolution from prescriptive building codes to performance-based design approaches. It outlines that while prescriptive codes ensured structural integrity, they often led to overdesign and lacked economic efficiency. This pushed the development of performance-based methodologies. The chapter then examines performance-based design for fire safety, comparing it to prescriptive codes. It also explores the development of performance-based structural fire engineering approaches in different countries. Finally, it introduces the PEER PBDEE framework, outlining how it could be translated to a PBDFE methodology for this research.
A comprehensive approach to tank design and tank equipment selectionMohieddin Hadidi
Tank design consideration to achieve safety;reduce risk of unplanned maintenance;ensuring working capacity and maintenance.
benefits of a fixed roof over your floating roof.
Common questions about full-contact roofs.
illustration of tank components.
tight-fitting seals
FIre Fighting Elite Fire hydraulic Calculation As per NFPA Standardsureshvsvg
This document discusses mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) systems and fire protection systems. It covers topics such as the need for MEP systems, fire triangles, causes and classifications of fires, National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) codes, firefighting systems like sprinklers and pumps, and sizing of fire water tanks and diesel tanks. The document is intended as training material for fire protection system design and hydraulic calculations using Elite software.
The document provides guidance on fire safety approaches including prescriptive and performance-based methods. It discusses evaluating risks through assessment of hazards, occupancy profiles and fire growth rates. Means of escape and facilities for emergency services are covered. Special considerations like structure and management strategies are also summarized. Risk profiles are assigned based on occupancy and fire growth potential to determine appropriate fire resistance periods and travel distances. Additional protection measures can allow flexibility in building design requirements.
The document discusses hazard classifications for sprinkler protection, including light hazard, ordinary hazard group 1, ordinary hazard group 2, extra hazard group 1, and extra hazard group 2. The classifications are based on the quantity and combustibility of combustible materials and expected rate of heat release. Examples of different areas in office buildings, hospitals, hotels, and restaurants are provided for each hazard classification.
Standpipe and hose systems are required in buildings based on height, area, occupancy, and hazards. NFPA 14 establishes standards for standpipe classifications, types, components, and testing. Regular inspection and testing is essential to ensure standpipe systems will operate properly in an emergency.
The document discusses fire water pump systems, including their purpose of protecting life and property. It provides an overview of key components such as the pump, driver, controller, and sensing line arrangement. The document outlines pump characteristics, rated capacities, materials used, water supply sources, and types of pumps. It also discusses pump installation, jockey pumps, diesel, electric, and steam fire pump systems and their components. Testing organizations such as UL and FM are described.
This is the research presentation of Simulation based storage policy in a unit load warehouse, to identify optimum storage policy for different inventory scenarios
This document provides an overview and summary of a basic training course on petroleum storage tanks. It discusses various tank types including fixed roof tanks, internal floating roof tanks, and floating roof tanks. It covers tank design elements like the structure of the tank bottom and floor, thickness of bottom plates, and attachment of the bottom to the shell. It also addresses tank foundations, including the need for foundations to allow for leak detection. The goals of the training are identified as learning to identify tank types and equipment, understand tank limitations, perform volume calculations, and operate tanks safely.
Atmospheric Storage Tank Safety is dependent on various factors. To name a few:
1. Liquid movement in and out of the tank
2. Weather condition changes
3. Fire exposure
The presentation shows a basic overview of how we can create safe environment for storage and transportation of fluids.
This document provides a summary and introduction to a guide on using jet fans for smoke ventilation and control in enclosed car parks. It discusses the history and current requirements for car park ventilation, as well as more stringent smoke control requirements in some countries. The aim of the guide is to present formulas and methods to estimate the exhaust flow rates required for smoke control, taking into account the jet fan induced airflows and smoke mass flows from a fire. This will help designers size smoke control systems and perform initial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling before detailed design.
This document provides an overview of warehousing concepts including:
1) The need for warehouses to balance supply and demand and facilitate distribution.
2) Key considerations for warehouse setup such as site selection, management processes, and typical material flow.
3) The general workflow within warehouses including receipt of goods, putaway, storage, order picking, packing and dispatch.
4) Different types of material flows like "U flow" where receipt and dispatch are located at the same end to optimize dock resources.
This document outlines the mechanical design requirements and factors for storage tanks. It discusses key considerations like shell thickness determination, temperature effects, pressure, liquid properties, and corrosion allowance. Design codes and standards like API 650 provide guidelines for tank stress analysis and thickness calculations using methods like the 1-foot and variable-design-point approaches. Floating roof tanks are described as having advantages for reducing evaporation but being more complex to design and construct than fixed roof tanks. Design data ranges are also presented for temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind speed, and earthquake conditions.
This document provides an overview of a fire protection training session at QPS in Vadodara, India. It introduces the trainer, Abhijit Haldankar, who has over 25 years of experience in process and environmental safety. The agenda covers fire basics, regulations and standards, fire protection system design, fire water demand calculations, fire water pumps, and other fire protection topics. A recent fire incident at an FRP coating company is also described, where a fire started in a sheet metal coating machine and spread to a nearby resin storage area.
Design of Sprinkler System and CO2 Total Flooding System of Given Plan I Gaur...Gaurav Singh Rajput
This project includes two parts
1. Sprinkler System Design
2. CO2 Total Flooding System Design
In sprinkler system design first given plan were studied and its area divided on the basic of hazardous classification of building as per NBC Part- 4 and number of sprinklers required in area were calculated. Then pressure and flow rate of water at externa inlet valve were calculated. Number of hangers, range pipe and distribution pipes were calculated.
In CO2 Total Flooding System Design number of co2 cylinder required for the given compartment for total flooding system were calculated.
Gaurav Singh Rajput I gauravsinghrajput I gauravkrsrajput
Warehousing is expensive. cost of the land, building, machinery, labor and the items stored in the warehouse –consumes bulk of money
How do the companies reduce this cost
Maximize the operation by
Streamlining the placement and picking of goods
Reducing the time goods are stored in the warehouse
Automating as much as possible to minimize labor costs
This document discusses the impact of fire on building construction. It covers various building materials like wood, masonry, metal, concrete, gypsum and others, and how each is affected by heat. It also addresses construction classifications, occupancy types, and basic components of buildings like foundations, floors, walls, roofs, doors and windows. The document emphasizes that understanding building construction is essential for firefighter safety and effectively fighting fires.
This document summarizes different types of fire sprinkler systems and their components. It discusses how sprinklers work to suppress fires, noting that individual sprinkler heads activate independently when heated to a certain temperature by a fire. The document outlines the key components of sprinkler systems, including sprinkler heads, piping, a water source, and typically an alarm and control valves. It also summarizes different types of sprinkler systems like wet pipe, dry pipe, deluge, and pre-action systems and how they differ in components and fire detection/suppression operation.
This document provides important notices and disclaimers regarding NFPA standards. It states that NFPA develops standards through a consensus process but does not guarantee the accuracy of the information or endorse any judgments or opinions in the standards. It also notes that NFPA standards may be updated over time and provides instructions for determining the most current version. The document outlines NFPA's policies regarding intellectual property, compliance with laws, interpretations of standards, and other legal matters pertaining to the use of NFPA standards.
Aarush Fire Systems Pvt.Ltd is focused on being discriminate in firefighting industry by providing best quality products with paramount service back up as well as imparting knowledge of fire & safety to cultivate safety mindsets.
A warehouse management system (WMS) is software that facilitates warehouse operations and management. Dynamics NAV includes basic and advanced WMS functionality. The basic WMS allows for inventory put-away, pick, and movements. The advanced WMS adds additional documents and processes for receipt, put-away, pick, movement, and bin management. WMS supports inbound, internal, and outbound item flows in the warehouse through various documents and processes.
This document provides an overview of fire protection systems for buildings. It discusses causes of fires and safety regulations for building materials and design features to prevent fire spread. It also describes different types of active fire protection systems, including fire suppression systems like sprinklers, fire detection systems, and passive fire protection methods like fire-resistant construction materials and compartmentalization of buildings. The document outlines the key components and goals of both active and passive fire protection strategies.
This literature review chapter discusses the evolution from prescriptive building codes to performance-based design approaches. It outlines that while prescriptive codes ensured structural integrity, they often led to overdesign and lacked economic efficiency. This pushed the development of performance-based methodologies. The chapter then examines performance-based design for fire safety, comparing it to prescriptive codes. It also explores the development of performance-based structural fire engineering approaches in different countries. Finally, it introduces the PEER PBDEE framework, outlining how it could be translated to a PBDFE methodology for this research.
This certificate awards Roelf Mias Coetzer for completing a 1-hour training course on Fire Dynamics Terminology on July 7, 2016. The certificate was issued by Mark Light, the Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director of the organization providing the training.
Fire and Forest Dynamics in Northern Boreal Forestsakfireconsortium
This webinar was presented by Jill Johnston on Oct 28, 2010. For more information about this webinar, visit the Alaska Fire Science Consortium website at http://akfireconsortium.uaf.edu
The Retrofit Streetlight Array project aimed to produce an optical array that could be easily installed into existing streetlight units. Key aspects included allowing quick assembly to the metal gear tray using a spring clip and cantilever springs to raise the array 0.9mm for optimal optical performance. The array had to fit precisely over the PCB assembly within a tolerance of 0.3mm to meet specifications.
This document discusses various health issues that can arise from prolonged computer use and provides tips for proper ergonomics and posture. It notes that repetitive strain injuries are the most common and serious issue, caused by improper posture and repetitive motions over long periods. It recommends taking short frequent breaks every 60 minutes, adjusting one's chair and workstation for proper back and wrist support, and avoiding prolonged bending of the arms and wrists. Eye strain can also occur from focusing between screens and documents.
1) The sharing economy prioritizes short-term profits over long-term social and environmental impacts, with social goals considered as an afterthought.
2) For businesses to be truly sustainable, they must place equal importance on benefiting society as on their own profits.
3) By embracing purpose-driven models and supporting social causes, businesses can gain customer loyalty while also creating positive change.
This document is a thesis submitted by Jeroen Wiebes Kjos for a Master's degree in Fire Safety Engineering. The thesis aims to validate the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) model for simulating tunnel fires. It will do so by comparing FDS simulation results to experimental data from large-scale tunnel fire tests conducted in 2003 at the Runehamar tunnel in Norway. The validation will evaluate FDS's ability to model temperature, radiation, oxygen concentration, carbon monoxide concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, and gas velocity during a tunnel fire. If validated, FDS can then be used to study different fire safety strategies and their impact on tunnel conditions during a fire. The literature review discusses the importance of tunnel fire
Author profiling aims at identifying personal traits such as age, gender, native language or personality traits from writings. PR-SOCO task at PAN@FIRE goal is to predict Personality Traits from Source Codes.
The document summarizes the views of Thomas Allemann, a member of the management board of hotelleriesuisse, on the sharing economy and its impact on the hotel industry. It discusses the rise of platforms like Airbnb, the position of industry groups like HOTREC calling for regulation, and challenges for traditional hotels in adapting to new customer demands and a potentially less regulated competitive landscape for short-term rentals. Allemann argues that if sharing economy services are to be integrated into the tourism model, authorities must ensure fair competition, consumer protection standards, and tax contributions similar to those required of hotels.
The document provides an overview of the Taj Hotel industry in India. It discusses the different types of hotels in India categorized by star ratings and amenities. It then introduces the Taj Hotel group - its founding in 1903, current portfolio of over 75 hotels globally, and segmentation into luxury, business, and leisure hotels. The document also discusses Taj Hotel's marketing mix, competition, and awards and acquisitions over the years.
London Fire Brigade - Fire Resistance CPD PresentationDanny Hopkin
This document discusses the history and future of structural fire safety design. It begins by outlining how fire resistance testing originated in response to large fires in the late 1800s and early 1900s. While initial fire tests aimed to standardize safety evaluations, the standard time-temperature curve used today does not realistically represent an actual building fire. New building materials and designs are challenging traditional fire resistance approaches. The document advocates a performance-based structural fire engineering strategy over prescriptive code compliance. It provides an example project that used computational modeling, thermal analysis and structural modeling to demonstrate the fire safety of a complex building with unusual architectural features.
This document discusses fire-resistive construction elements and ratings. It describes the difference between specification codes, which specify construction types, and performance codes, which identify required fire resistance in hours. Rated assemblies are tested according to standard time-temperature curves to determine their ability to support loads, limit heat transfer, and prevent fire spread for a specified time period. Openings in rated walls and barriers must be protected, and fire blocking and draft stopping are used to control fire spread in concealed spaces.
Modeling Stochasticity and Gap Junction Dynamics: Integrate and Fire Modeldharmakarma
In this presentation, we describe a mathematical model for modeling the stochasticity of firing neurons based on a modified integrate and fire model that incorporates gap junction potential.
This document discusses revisions to NFPA 10 that mandate replacing outdated fire extinguishers. Specifically:
- Testing in the 1970s found novices had trouble operating extinguishers without discharge hoses, leading to design changes requiring hoses on larger extinguishers.
- The 2007 NFPA 10 edition requires removing stored pressure extinguishers made before October 1984, as they do not meet current standards.
- Extinguishers that cannot be properly serviced or maintained due to lack of manufacturer support must also be replaced.
The document discusses the National Building Code of India (NBC). It provides an overview of the history and development of the NBC since 1970. The NBC is intended to regulate building construction activities across India by establishing uniform guidelines. It covers various aspects of building design, construction, materials, services, fire safety and more. The NBC is revised periodically to reflect new practices and standards. The latest revision was in 2005.
National building codes 2005 history overviewShourya Puri
The National Building Code of India was first published in 1970 and has since been revised multiple times, with the latest version released in 2005. It aims to provide minimum standards and guidelines for building design, construction, and materials across India. Some key points:
- It was created in response to outdated building regulations and to standardize codes nationwide.
- The Bureau of Indian Standards was tasked with preparing the code and establishing guidance committees.
- The 2005 version consolidated decades of experience and incorporates modern practices. It covers topics like structural design, materials, fire safety, services, and more through 10 detailed parts.
- Salient features include improved seismic design, accessibility guidelines, heritage building provisions, and rainwater
This document discusses automatic sprinkler systems, including their history and components. It describes different types of sprinkler systems like wet pipe, dry pipe, and pre-action systems. The key factors in determining the appropriate sprinkler system are identified as occupancy, commodity classification, storage heights and arrangements. The document provides diagrams of sprinkler system components and outlines the inspection, testing and maintenance requirements.
Dafo FORREX - Conveyor Belt Proactive Fire Protection SystemPedro Perim
This document discusses conveyor belt fire safety and introduces a proactive fire protection system. It notes that conveyor belts have high fire risks at areas like tail pulleys and transfer areas. While belts don't spontaneously combust, friction from slippage can generate enough heat to ignite belts over 400°C. The proactive system uses temperature monitoring, preventative detection at risk areas, and efficient cooling suppression. It features a liquid agent that cools, inhibits chemicals, and forms a protective film to prevent re-ignition without flooding or downtime. The system has been installed successfully in several South African mining operations and offers advantages over traditional reactive detection and suppression.
The document summarizes a presentation on car park ventilation design using jet fans and CFD analysis. It discusses ventilation fundamentals like why ventilation is needed and basic principles of ducted and impulse ventilation systems. It provides an overview of regulations in different countries like Qatar and comparisons of ducted and impulse ventilation systems. The document also covers smoke control fundamentals and examples for road tunnels and car parks. It discusses factors like heat release rates from car fires and smoke control design criteria.
Our focus for this lunch and learn is an introduction to common mistakes identified in fire sizing equations for PSVs in the upstream and midstream industries. We’ll briefly touch on the assumptions in the API 521 equations for a pool fire, when not to use these equations, and the most common mistakes for vessels inside of buildings, or in areas without good drainage. We will then focus on methods where API 521 recommends for “time-dependent analysis” of fire sizing a PSV, including but not limited to:
Changes in liquid level & wetted area
Examples of how latent heat values change during a fire
Which latent heats to use from a simulator (non-obvious)
How the PSV size required significant changes during the course of a fire on a vessel
One or two software tools that are common to use in industry for fire sizing a PSV
Inspection of Fire Fighting Equipments | NFPA Regulations | Gaurav Singh RajputGaurav Singh Rajput
This document provides an overview of regulations regarding inspection of firefighting equipment as outlined by NFPA standards. It discusses principles of fire and explosion, classifications of dangerous substances, fire growth rates, factors affecting growth rates, types of fire accidents including explosions, and considerations for dry chemical fire suppression systems including applications, agent types, system requirements, and operation/control. The key topics covered include fire triangle principles, explosion definitions, gas detection systems, hazard identification, and risk assessment processes.
The document discusses RECEO, which outlines the priority sequence of firefighting operations as rescue, exposures, confinement, extinguishment, and overhaul. It also discusses apparatus positioning, hose selection and placement, water flow requirements, and methods of fire attack including direct, indirect, modified direct, and transitional. Key considerations for engine company operations include pre-planning duties and communications, protecting occupants and firefighters, and choosing the appropriate attack based on life safety and fire conditions.
This document discusses fire protection systems in buildings, including single components and detection/alarm/suppression systems. It covers fire hydrants, fire extinguishers, equipped fire hoses, dry standpipes, and detection and alarm systems. Detection and alarm systems detect fires through manual or automatic means, inform occupants and firefighters, and can activate ventilation or suppression systems. They are required in most building types over a certain size.
1) The document discusses various hazards associated with flare and overhead systems, including fire, explosion, toxicity, overloading, leakage, and environmental risks.
2) It emphasizes that safety depends on planning, risk assessment, applying proper controls like procedures and PPE, and learning from past accidents.
3) Several case studies are presented where accidents occurred due to issues like liquid carryover, improper purging or isolation, lack of procedures, and non-use of proper respiratory equipment. Vigilance and senior oversight of critical tasks are important to manage risks.
This document provides an overview of Safety Project Solutions and their water mist fire suppression systems. It discusses that water mist systems are more advanced than traditional sprinkler systems as they attack two elements of the fire triangle by reducing oxygen and absorbing heat. Water mist systems use 90% less water than sprinklers while still effectively cooling, suppressing fires, and controlling smoke. The document then highlights case studies of high risk fire incidents and how water mist systems could help prevent damage in such scenarios by containing fires with less water compared to sprinklers.
The document discusses pre-mobilization planning and safety requirements for a characterization project at ANL Bldg 310, including developing a contract-specific safety plan, job safety analyses, and ensuring required training. It also summarizes the scope of work, which includes alpha and beta surveys, sampling of various materials and structures within the building, and mitigations for associated hazards.
2015 x472 class 02 - generation systemsmichaeljmack
This document provides an overview of an HVAC system design course. It outlines the course schedule, instructors, and topics to be covered over 10 classes. These include generation systems, distribution systems, central plants, specialty building types, codes, and life-cycle cost analysis. The document also provides a high-level overview of common HVAC system types for different building sizes, from single story to high-rise and campus-scale systems. It discusses key considerations for multi-story building system design.
This document discusses KLM Technology Group, which provides training and consulting services related to process plant equipment and operations. It focuses on training courses for process flares, including an introduction to process flares, advanced flare design/operation/troubleshooting courses, and a syllabus for an advanced flare systems course. The document provides information on flare types (elevated and ground), system components, design factors and considerations, and safety, environmental, and social requirements related to flare system design.
This document introduces Royex Generation II propellant systems from Etken Teknologi for rock breaking applications. It summarizes the key issues with existing propellant technologies and outlines Etken's solutions. The Royex Generation II uses a new propellant formula that is stronger and oxygen balanced to eliminate noxious gases. It also introduces the Maxclip initiation system which provides a complete 1.4S pyrotechnical timing solution worldwide. Trials in quarries demonstrated the improved performance and reduced vibrations. The new systems and production methods lower costs and make propellant rock breaking safer and more practical.
This document discusses energy efficiency retrofits for laboratories through case studies of automatic sash closer installations. It introduces EECO2 and TEL, energy consulting and airflow monitoring companies, and describes their typical project process of investigating a site, identifying potential projects, implementing solutions like variable air volume controls and sash closers, and verifying energy savings. A case study details a project at the Wilton Centre that installed VAV dampers, fume cupboard controls, and room air balancing, achieving a 60% reduction in electricity use and 9.5% reduction in steam. Sash closers use PIR sensors to detect users and safely close fume hood sashes when unoccupied, preventing unnecessary ventilation.
This document summarizes different types of automatic fire sprinkler systems. It describes wet pipe, dry pipe, pre-action, and deluge systems, explaining their components, design concepts, and applications. The document emphasizes that sprinkler systems are effective for both property protection and life safety when fires occur. Regular inspection, testing and maintenance are required to ensure systems function properly.
This document provides information on fire network design, including definitions of fire terms, classes of fire, extinguishing methods and agents, passive and active fire protection systems, and considerations for firefighting system design. It discusses water capacity and rates, sources of water, fire pumps, and piping design for firewater distribution systems. The key aspects covered are fire protection philosophy, sizing systems based on the largest single fire scenario, and maintaining adequate water pressure and flow rates throughout the network.
The document discusses automatic sprinkler systems, including their purpose of discharging an extinguishing agent during the incipient stage of a fire. It notes that sprinkler systems have a 96% reliability rate when installed and maintained properly, and that in 75% of fires in sprinklered buildings, 10 or fewer sprinkler heads controlled the fire. The key components of sprinkler systems are described as the water supply, distribution piping, sprinkler heads, and valves.
2015 x472 class 02 - generation systemsmichaeljmack
This document outlines a course on HVAC system design. It discusses various HVAC systems for different building types, including single story, multi-story, high-rise, and specialty buildings. The schedule lists topics like generation systems, distribution systems, and system selection that will be covered over the course by three instructors.
False air or excess air in sealed systems like boiler flue gas paths or ACC vacuum systems can cause issues like heat loss, fan inefficiency, and increased downtime. It is important to identify sources of false air, measure levels periodically, and implement remedial actions like sealing leaks. Key steps include dedicating teams to identify leak areas, take measurements, and make repairs during outages in a timely manner, as well as implementing design and fabrication best practices, online monitoring instruments, and preventative maintenance programs.
This document provides information on water mist fire suppression systems. It begins with a history of water mist technology dating back to the 1880s. It then defines water mist as a fine water spray with droplets less than 1000 microns. The benefits of water mist over gas or sprinkler systems are discussed, including immediate activation and minimized water damage. Relevant codes and standards are also mentioned. The document discusses water mist mechanisms, components, applications, limitations, and provides a case study example of designing a water mist system for a machinery space.
Similar to High Challenge Warehouse case study (20)
NFPA has created a Powerpoint presentation that you can use to help educate your community's decision-makers and the public about the dangers of lightweight construction materials under fire conditions. It features the stories of two incidents in which firefighters were killed or seriously injured in homes built according to the lightweight construction model. The presentation also includes data that shows that home fire sprinklers lessen the dangers posed by lightweight construction.
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More from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) (20)
1. rechter Rand right margin marge droite margine destra High challenge warehouse case study – Summary February 19, 2010 Richard Gallagher Michael Gollner Zurich Services Corporation
2. Objectives Review the results of the high challenge warehouse workshop Recognize participants Explain the project background Review case Given information Question Summarize the eight presentations Recap the overall findings
3. Case study participants Schirmer Engineering Dan O’Connor, Garner Palenske Rolf Jensen and Associates Richard Bukowski FPI Consortium Warde Comeaux Telgian Tracy Bellamy Summit Fire Protection Sean Merkel, Ryan Bierwerth Hughes Associates Jerry Back, Joe Scheffey, Dan Gottuk UCSD Michael Gollner WPI Ali Rangawala Creative FPE Solutions Jonathan Perricone XL GAPS John Frank
4. Background NFPA 13 basis: Automatic sprinklers control or suppression a fire Final fire extinguishment by the fire service Today’s warehouses High challenges to both sprinklers and fire service Recent fire experience Not always reasonable to expect manual intervention Foundation Addressing research to support potential changes to NFPA standards.
5. Workshop approach Basis for workshop Theoretical Case Study Presentations Six leading FPE companies share innovative design concepts One presentation on novel approach to manual fire suppression One presentation addressing need to step back further and understand commodities and storage Format 20 minute presentations Panel Q&A
7. 2/4/2010 7 High Challenge Warehouse Case Study General conditions Who - XYZ Company What - New warehouse Where - Rural region of US
8. 2/4/2010 8 High Challenge Warehouse Case Study Facility parameters Two attached buildings Low Bay 100’ x 150’ x 35’ tall High Bay 55’ x 150’ x 65’ tall
9. 2/4/2010 9 High Challenge Warehouse Case Study Facility construction Roof –Noncombustible steel deck on steel bar joist High bay rack supported roof Exterior walls – Insulated metal panel Interior walls Between Low Bay and High Bay 150’ long Reinforced concrete block Up to Low Bay roof Floors – Reinforced concrete
10. 2/4/2010 10 High Challenge Warehouse Case Study Public protection Public fire service Volunteer department XYZ Company is first storage facility in district Public water Extending main 3 miles to site Limited flow 60 psi static / 20 psi residual / 800 gpm flowing
11. 2/4/2010 11 High Challenge Warehouse Case Study Private protection Water supply Two fire pumps – one electric, one diesel Ground water suction tank Detached fire pump house 300 feet from building
12. 2/4/2010 12 High Challenge Warehouse Case Study Storage commodity Group A plastics Unexpanded In cartons Nonencapsulated Conventional wood pallets Pallet loads 4’ x 4’ x 4’
13. 2/4/2010 13 High Challenge Warehouse Case Study Storage configuration Workshop focus The High Bay warehouse High bay Multiple row rack (4 pallets deep) flanked by double row racks Racks are separated aisles 5 ft wide Array 23 pallets long & 13 pallets high Nominal 6” flues around each pallet load Tiers 5’ tall Elevation View
14. 2/4/2010 14 High Challenge Warehouse Case Study Stock handling Low Bay Industrial trucks High Bay Automatic storage and retrieval system (ASRS) Two ASRS systems Operate in 5 ft wide aisles Photo source: FEMA
15. 2/4/2010 15 High Challenge Warehouse Case Study The challenge Local fire chief has made it clear that in the event of a fire - Will enter building to save people Will not enter building to save property Question: As the fire protection engineer of record, what fire protection design will be proposed to achieve final fire extinguishment without fire service intervention? Photo source: FEMA
17. Summary format Ignition - Sources of ignition Agent - Extinguishing media Detection/ Release - Method of detection and release ASRS - Uses for ASRS Failure - Noted failure concerns for method Comments - Additional comments Where no data provided – marked “NA” and grayed-out
18. Schirmer Engineering Ignition - Arson, electrical, etc. Agent - Water - ESFR high zone at intersection of flues & over aisles ESFR low zone at intersection of flues One level in-racks in each zone 1600 gpm either zone Horizontal barrier between high and low zones CO2 - Low zone for redundancy (higher exposure area) Local application, can pipe long distances, can handle flammable liquids and electrical fires, no pumps, Use a 30-60 second discharge Divide low zone into sections (CO2 volume calculations) Detection/ Release - Sprinkler fusible element, In-rack linear/spot heat detection ASRS - NA Failure - NA Comments - Test ESFR configuration, locate in flues, avoid water ricochet Test low zone detection concept Develop CO2 nozzle Technology proven and can implement today
19. Rolf Jensen and Associates Ignition - NA Agent - Water mist Zoned vertically (vertical risers) Spray either side of pallet and one side of adjacent pallet High velocity exhaust fans on outside walls - Produce airflow perpendicular to aisles to distribute water mist - Maintain visibility Detection/ Release - In-rack linear heat detection to locate fire ASRS - Use self-contained foam skid IR camera guided nozzle Not for primary suppression due to response time Failure - NA Comments - Low bay is typical for ESFR Critical to maintain longitudinal and transverse flues High bay ceiling sprinklers to protect building
20. FPI Consortium Ignition - ASRS (lights not usually in use) electrical rails top and bottom, fires involve ASRS unit and spreads to storage Agent - High expansion foam – submerge in 4 min 13 foam generators 30 minute duration 100,000 gallons water for 30 minutes Detection/ - Heat detection - ceiling & in-rack spot heat detection Release Ceiling 15’ x 15’, in-rack 10’ vertical & 8’ horizontal ASRS - Not used, returned to home base and shutdown Failure - Doors and openings must close False release of foam (cross-zone possible) Comments - Sprinklers not considered due to environment impact
21. Telgian Ignition - ASRS or lighting at elevated location Agent - Water Design an in-rack sprinklers, quick response Need horizontal barriers above in-racks, perhaps each tier Use waterflow to locate fire vertically Detection/ Release - Fusible sprinkler elements ASRS - Locate fire using thermal imaging Relocate stock to safe area Handle wet and damaged loads (enclosed unit) Failure - NA Comments - Need in-rack sprinkler design guidance - In-rack response time - In-rack water distribution
22. Summit Fire Protection Ignition - NA Agent - Water Develop suppression mode in-racks Increased clearance for larger orifice in-rack sprinklers Fire barriers to provide fire confinement 300,000 gallons – 2 hour duration Detection/ Release - Fusible sprinklers elements ASRS - Under fire conditions, ASRS not available Failure - NA Comments - Introduce ESRF into racks Evaluate all changes over time (personnel turnover, commodities, maintenance, etc.
23. Hughes Associates Ignition - NA Agent - High expansion foam Zoned system, 4 quadrants, barriers wire mesh/noncombustible fabric Curtains strips to allow ASRS passage Safety factors of 2+ compared to NFPA requirements 20,000 gallons water – 30 minute duration Detection/ - In-rack linear heat detection Release Flame detection for open spaces ASRS - Apply skid mounted fire suppression system Remove pallets of stock around fire Evaluate extinguishment – video monitoring Remove pallets of damaged stock Failure - Fire at zone interface, Openings between zones, Collateral damage to stock remote from fire Comments - Goals include low complexity, reasonable cost, rapid control, extinguishment, minimum fire damage, and minimum collateral damage
24. WPI, UCSD, Creative FPE Solutions Ignition - NA Agent - NA Detection Release - NA ASRS - NA Failure - NA Comments - Must start at a more fundamental level Develop method to quantify warehouse fire control, suppression, or extinguishment Limits to “modeling” and “small scale testing” Need new intermediate-scale test - Determine water application rate for suppression - Will discuss further in a few slides
25. XL GAPS Ignition - NA Agent - Water Mobilize remote special fire fighting team Need 12 hours (remote response, size-up, extinguish, overhaul) Sprinklers controlling fire during this time Need 900,000 gallons water Detection/ Release - Fusible sprinkler elements ASRS - Fire fighter access to upper tiers Failure - NA Comments - Interim solution until an engineered solution available Specialized fire team responding from central location Similar to private emergency services such as urban search and rescue, oil wells, oil tanks Skills to verify building stability, locate fire, work vertically, apply agent
26. Summary of work Ignition scenarios Proposed solutions Design challenges Gaps Manual intervention
27. Identified ignition scenarios ASRS equipment Power rails top and bottom Power on stacker crane Can introduce ignition source at any level Lighting Ignition exposure at roof Arson Anticipate low level exposure 2/4/2010 27 High Challenge Warehouse Case Study
28. Solutions Manual fire suppression – an immediate solution XL Gaps Test & validate current sprinkler suppression practices WPI, UCSD, Edinburgh, and Creative FPE Solutions. Sprinklers – modify current designs – ESFR inracks Summit Fire Protection Telgian Sprinklers (2 levels ESFR) & CO2 Schirmer High expansion foam FPI Consortium Hughes Associates Water mist RJA 2/4/2010 28 High Challenge Warehouse Case Study
29. Design challenges Water sources Reliability / redundancy Volume / duration Cost of system due to rural location Environmental concerns Release of contaminated water Recycling of used water Hazard of commodity Defining the hazard of a commodity Commodities changing or introducing unknown commodities In-rack sprinkler placement and type (ESFR) highly specific to fuel type, configuration Avoiding complex designs Can collateral damage be limited to limit business impact 2/4/2010 29 High Challenge Warehouse Case Study
30. GapsTest methodologies There are no methods, currently, to quantify warehouse fire control, suppression or extinguishment. A test methodology is needed to ensure adequacy of current and new design concepts How much suppressant? Length of discharge? Limitations in full scale, small scale testing and modeling demand a new approach – small scale commodity classification verified by intermediate scale testing and large scale modeling/testing for validation
31. GapsDesign approach – WPI et al 2/4/2010 31 High Challenge Warehouse Case Study 2. SprinklerFlow Characterization Determine limits of current sprinkler protection systems Analyze the warehouse fire problem in pieces 1. Characterize sprinkler spray 2. Droplet losses from geometry, plume, radiation, etc. 3. Suppression/Extinction interaction between film/drops and fire Benefits: Design fixed system to provide suppression or extinction for any tested materials Utilize current sprinkler infrastructure and modify deficient systems if necessary Sprinkler Spray PLUME 1. Classification of Commodity FIRE
32. Gaps Design approach – WPI et al Engineering Approach to Warehouse Fire Protection Design 32
33. GapsTechnology In-rack sprinkler design No sprinkler designed to respond quickly in a rack No sprinkler designed to distribute water in a rack No suppression mode in-rack sprinkler Hardening of ASRS for use during fire event Carry self-contained extinguishing system skid Identify fire location within array Verify fire control/suppression progress Remove adjacent stock to isolate fire Remove wet or damaged stock
34. GapsManual intervention - the immediate solution Water supplies Are durations sufficient (2 hours vs. 12 hours) Thorough pre-emergency planning Safe work plan