The document discusses shell and tube heat exchangers. It describes the basic heat transfer equation and dimensionless numbers used. Shell and tube heat exchangers are relatively inexpensive, compact, and can be designed for high pressures. They have fixed tube sheets, U-tubes, or floating heads. Components include shells, tubes, baffles, and tube sheets. Design considerations include materials, fluids, temperatures, pressures, and flow rates. Standards like TEMA provide guidelines for mechanical design and fabrication.
Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger in heat TransferUsman Shah
This slide will explain you the chemical engineering terms .Al about the basics of this slide are explain in it. The basics of fluid mechanics, heat transfer, chemical engineering thermodynamics, fluid motions, newtonian fluids, are explain in this process.
This presentation describes the considerations involved in selecting the shell and tube exchanger according to TEMA Designations. Also, it helps to identify whether fluid should be sent tube side or shell side
Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger in heat TransferUsman Shah
This slide will explain you the chemical engineering terms .Al about the basics of this slide are explain in it. The basics of fluid mechanics, heat transfer, chemical engineering thermodynamics, fluid motions, newtonian fluids, are explain in this process.
This presentation describes the considerations involved in selecting the shell and tube exchanger according to TEMA Designations. Also, it helps to identify whether fluid should be sent tube side or shell side
Parts of shell and tube heat exchanger
Shell
Shell Side Pass Partition Plate
Baffles
Tube
Tube Side Pass Partition Plate
Tie Rods
Spacers
Tube Sheet
Expansion Joint
Design Considerations for Plate Type Heat ExchangerArun Sarasan
A plate heat exchanger is a type of heat exchanger that uses metal plates to transfer heat between two fluids. This has a major advantage over a conventional heat exchanger in that the fluids are exposed to a much larger surface area because the fluids spread out over the plates. This facilitates the transfer of heat, and greatly increases the speed of the temperature change. Plate heat exchangers are now common and very small brazed versions are used in the hot-water sections of millions of combination boilers. The high heat transfer efficiency for such a small physical size has increased the domestic hot water (DHW) flowrate of combination boilers. The small plate heat exchanger has made a great impact in domestic heating and hot-water. Larger commercial versions use gaskets between the plates, whereas smaller versions tend to be brazed.
An overview of distillation column design concepts and major design considerations. Explains distillation column design concepts, what you would provide to a professional distillation column designer, and what you can expect back from a distillation system design firm. To speak with an engineer about your distillation column project, call EPIC at 314-207-4250.
This presentation is on shell and tube heat exchanger in which its design parameters and its troubleshooting conditions designed for better understanding and learning of all
This manual covers the basic guidelines and minimum requirements for
periodic inspection of heat exchangers used in petroleum refinery.
Locations to be inspected, inspection tools, frequency of inspection &
testing, locations prone to deterioration and causes, corrosion
mitigation, inspection and testing procedures have been specified in
the manual.
Documentation of observations & history of heat exchangers,
inspection checklist and recommended practices have also been
included.
Heat exchanging equipment is used for heating or cooling a fluid.
Individual heat transfer equipment is named as per its function.
Cooler
A cooler cools the process fluid, using water or air, with no change of
phase.
Chiller
A chiller uses a refrigerant to cool process fluid to a temperature below
that obtainable with water.
Condenser
A condenser condenses a vapour or mixture of vapours using water or
air.
Exchanger
An exchanger performs two functions in that it heats a cold process
fluid by recovering heat from a hot fluid, which it cools. None of the
transferred heat is lost.
Parts of shell and tube heat exchanger
Shell
Shell Side Pass Partition Plate
Baffles
Tube
Tube Side Pass Partition Plate
Tie Rods
Spacers
Tube Sheet
Expansion Joint
Design Considerations for Plate Type Heat ExchangerArun Sarasan
A plate heat exchanger is a type of heat exchanger that uses metal plates to transfer heat between two fluids. This has a major advantage over a conventional heat exchanger in that the fluids are exposed to a much larger surface area because the fluids spread out over the plates. This facilitates the transfer of heat, and greatly increases the speed of the temperature change. Plate heat exchangers are now common and very small brazed versions are used in the hot-water sections of millions of combination boilers. The high heat transfer efficiency for such a small physical size has increased the domestic hot water (DHW) flowrate of combination boilers. The small plate heat exchanger has made a great impact in domestic heating and hot-water. Larger commercial versions use gaskets between the plates, whereas smaller versions tend to be brazed.
An overview of distillation column design concepts and major design considerations. Explains distillation column design concepts, what you would provide to a professional distillation column designer, and what you can expect back from a distillation system design firm. To speak with an engineer about your distillation column project, call EPIC at 314-207-4250.
This presentation is on shell and tube heat exchanger in which its design parameters and its troubleshooting conditions designed for better understanding and learning of all
This manual covers the basic guidelines and minimum requirements for
periodic inspection of heat exchangers used in petroleum refinery.
Locations to be inspected, inspection tools, frequency of inspection &
testing, locations prone to deterioration and causes, corrosion
mitigation, inspection and testing procedures have been specified in
the manual.
Documentation of observations & history of heat exchangers,
inspection checklist and recommended practices have also been
included.
Heat exchanging equipment is used for heating or cooling a fluid.
Individual heat transfer equipment is named as per its function.
Cooler
A cooler cools the process fluid, using water or air, with no change of
phase.
Chiller
A chiller uses a refrigerant to cool process fluid to a temperature below
that obtainable with water.
Condenser
A condenser condenses a vapour or mixture of vapours using water or
air.
Exchanger
An exchanger performs two functions in that it heats a cold process
fluid by recovering heat from a hot fluid, which it cools. None of the
transferred heat is lost.
Pipe line activities To know about fabrication and modifications work Instal...mkpq pasha
Pipe line activities
To know about fabrication and modifications work
Installations reactive drawings
Pipe line activities
To know about fabrication and modifications work
Installations reactive drawings
Pipe line activities
To know about fabrication and modifications work
Installations reactive drawings
Pipe line activities
To know about fabrication and modifications work
Installations reactive drawings
Types of fluid conductors in hydraulic circuits and their advantages and disadvantages. Selection criteria for the fluid conductors and the procedure to determine their size.
Need a proven solution to remove surface runoff? Contech's Slotted Drain™ has over 100-years of proven in the ground performance and can remove over 50% more surface runoff than alternative inlet solutions.
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Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
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CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
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Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
2. Basic Heat Exchanger Equation
The general relation reflects the heat transfer across a surface is:
Where,
)()( cicochohih HHMHHMQ
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Q = U A (LMTD)
4. Why Shell and Tube Heat
Exchanger?
• Relatively inexpensive
• Available in many sizes
• Compact design
• Available in many different materials
• Can be designed for high pressures without excessive cost
• Design principles well known
• Many different manufacturers
• Well-developed fabrication facilities.
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10. Shell
Dimensions
• Line pipe dimensions shall be used for carbon steel shells up to a
nominal shell diameter of 18-20 inches
• For shells rolled from plate and with a shell diameter above 20 mm the
nominal diameter is the shell inside diameter.
• During the design stage one should follow standard HTRI shell
dimensions unless detailed information is available with the designer.
Orientation
• Horizontal in General
• Limited space or certain process requirements – Vertical Orientation
• For thermo siphon re-boilers, vertical orientation is preferred to
horizontal orientation, even if the heating medium is fouling.
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14. Pressure Drop of Different
Shell Types
F shell 8 x ΔPE shell
G shell 1 x ΔPE shell
H shell 1/8 x ΔPE shell
J shell 1/8 x ΔPE shell
X shell <1/100 x ΔPE shell
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15. Tubes
• The smallest tube diameter generally produces the most heat transfer
area per unit volume in a given shell and most efficient heat transfer.
• 19.15 mm tubes are commonly used for clean services.
• For very clean services, 15.875 mm tubes are sometimes used.
• For gases, boiling, condensing or two phase flow 19.05 mm to 31.75 mm
tube ODs are required.
• For vertical tube side vacuum falling film evaporators tubes with outside
diameter upto 2 inches are used.
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17. Tube sheets
• Tubes are held on both the ends called tube sheets.
• The tube sheet thickness varies from 1 inches (25 mm) for low pressure
and low shell diameter applications up to over 12 in. (300 mm) in high
pressure and large shell diameters.
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18. Tube to tubesheet joint
• Tubes are expanded into grooves in tube sheet or welded to them.
• Welded joints are preferred in sever conditions like high pressures (80
kg/cm2 g) or when handling toxic or inflammable fluids where leakage
are not permitted.
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21. Tube-side Passes
Multiple passes are used to
• Increase tube-side velocity and taking maximum advantage of
available pressure drop
• Reduce overall length
• Allow U-tube/floating head designs
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23. Baffles
• Baffles provide the framework to support and secure the tubes and
prevent vibration
• Baffles redirect the shell side flow across the tube bundle
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25. The construction of the bundle provides multiple fluid pathways
C C
B BF
A -Tube-to-baffle hole leakage E - Baffle-to-shell leakage
B - Main cross flow F - Pass-partition bypass
C -Bundle-to-shell bypass
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Shell Side Fluid Stream Analysis
26. Impingement Plate
Purpose:
To protect the uppermost tubes located just below the shell-side inlet nozzle against
direct impingement.
Such impingement can cause erosion, cavitations and/or vibration.
TEMA Standards specify an impingement protection is required for following cases:
• Inlet nozzle ρV2 is greater than 2232 kg/m s2 for non-corrosisve, non abrasive
single pass fluid.
• Shell side condensation is specified
• Shell side boiling is specified and the inlet nozzle ρV2 is greater than 744kg/m s2
• for all saturated vapors and liquid-vapor mixtures (there are chances of carrying
liquid droplets.)
Types
• Circular plate
• Rectangular plate
• Rods
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27. Standard Dimensions for
impingement plate
•Minimum height under nozzle (Hmin) = D/4,
•Minimum width of the impingement plate (Wmin) = D + 50 mm,
•Length of the impingement plate L = D + (50 ~ 70 mm), where D is the nozzle
inside diameter.
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28. The figure below shows the height under nozzle measurement for different cases
29. Nozzle
• Inlet and outlet nozzles are sized for pressure drop and velocity
considerations.
• The total nozzle pressure drop for either shell side or tube side
should not exceed about 25% of total.
• Nozzle pressure drop is dominating in case of condensers (due to
pressure recovery in condensers).
• For liquid flow nozzle rhoV2 should be limited to 3000 kg/m s2.
• For gas flow, nozzle velocity should be less than 20% of acoustic
velocity.
• Thermo wells, pressure indicator connections, safety and relief
valves, product drains, vents, block valve are other miscellaneous
nozzles.
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30. Nozzle Locations
• Nozzle orientation should be decided in consideration of process
requirements, mechanical construction and requirements from plot plan.
• Following samples can be used as a good reference.
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34. Temperature
Pressure
Viscosity
Fouling and cleaning
Corrosion
Flow rate
Temperature range
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Allocation of Fluids - Parameters
36. Codes & Standards: TEMA R/C/B
The mechanical design, fabrication, inspection and testing of shell and
tube type heat exchangers shall be applied in accordance with the
following sections of “TEMA” standard
• TEMA Class R: Sever requirements for petroleum and related
processing applications
• TEMA Class C: Moderate requirements for commercial and general
process applications
• TEMA Class B: For chemical process service
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