The document discusses a lesson on the chain of infection and stages of infection. It includes objectives, an activity where students answer true/false statements about communicable diseases, and an analysis section. The key points are: 1. The activity tests students' knowledge of the chain of infection and stages of infection through a true/false game. 2. The document then reviews the six links in the chain of infection - pathogen, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host. 3. It also outlines the four stages of infection - incubation, prodromal, illness, and recovery.

2. Objectives:
🞅 explain the chain of infection;
🞅 discuss the stages of infection;
🞅 create a short presentation showing the
chain/stages of infection;
🞅 realize the importance of knowing the chain
and stages of infection for prevention.

3. Activity:
TAMA MALI
Tanggal ang Magkamali!

4. Instructions:
🞅You will be answering TAMA or MALI statements.
🞅After I say “GO”, you have 10 seconds to stand behind the
word of your answer.
🞅The student who will get the wrong answer will be eliminated
from the game.
🞅The remaining students who will get the correct answer up
to the last question will be awarded with additional points.

5. Statement No. 1
Communicable Diseases
are diseases that do not
transfer from one person
to another.
T
AMA MALI

6. Statement No. 2
Infectious Diseases
are also called as
Communicable Diseases.
T
AMA MALI

7. Statement No. 3
Bacteria, fungi, and virus
are pathogens which
cause diseases to the
host.
T
AMA MALI

8. Statement No. 4
The most common
reservoir of pathogens is
the human body.
T
AMA MALI

9. Statement No. 5
The links of the chain
of infection are cannot
be broken.
T
AMA MALI

10. Statement No. 6
Coughing and sneezing
are direct modes of
transmission that causes
infection.
T
AMA MALI

11. Statement No. 7
Tiredness, slight fever,
and runny nose are some
of the indications of
Illness stage.
T
AMA MALI

12. Statement No. 8
The diseases or infection
is still communicable in
the recovery stage.
T
AMA MALI

13. Statement No. 9
HIV is a communicable
disease which can be
transferred by needle
pricking.
T
AMA MALI

14. Statement No. 10
You cannot be infected
again with chicken pox if
you have been infected
already before.
T
AMA MALI

15. Analysis:
🞅 How did you find the activity?
🞅 Most of the questions are all about what?
🞅 Were you able to get the correct answers honestly?
How?
🞅 Why have you eliminated from the game for the first
three questions?
🞅 Out of the activity, were you able to draw out the topic
for today?

16. Analysis:
🞅 How did you find the activity?
🞅 Most of the questions are all about what?
🞅 Were you able to get the correct answers honestly?
How?
🞅 Why have you eliminated from the game for the first
three questions?
🞅 Out of the activity, were you able to draw out the topic
for today?

17. CHAIN OF INFECTION

18. Infection
An invasion of
microorganisms into the body
that are capable of producing
a disease.

19. There are six links in the
chain of infection
P
A
THOGEN
RESERVOIR
PORT
AL OF
EXIT
MODE OF
TRANSMISSIO
N
SUSCEPTIBL
E HOST
PORT
AL OF
ENTRY
CHAIN OF
INFECTION

20. 1. PATHOGEN
It is an organism with the
ability to cause disease.
“bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa,
parasitic worms, rickettsiae”

21. 2. RESERVOIR
It is a place within which
microorganisms can thrive
and reproduce.
“The most common
reservoir is the human
body.
”

22. 3. PORTAL OF EXIT
It provides a way for a
microorganism to leave
the reservoir.
“through the nose, mouth,
body feces”

23. 4. MODE OF TRANSMISSION
It is the method by which the
organism moves from one host to
another.
“direct contact, indirect contact, air-
borne, food-borne,
water-borne, vector-borne”

24. 5. PORTAL OF ENTRY
It is an opening allowing the
microorganism enter the host.
“body orifices, mucus membranes,
breaks in the skin”

25. They may enter through:
Respiratory
System
Gastrointestinal System
(ingestion)

26. They may enter through:
Urinary and
Reproductive Tracts
(sexual contact)
Breaks in the skin

27. 6. THE SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
It is a person who cannot resists a
microorganism invading its body.

28. There are six links in the
chain of infection
P
A
THOGEN
RESERVOIR
PORT
AL OF
EXIT
MODE OF
TRANSMISSIO
N
SUSCEPTIBL
E HOST
PORT
AL OF
ENTRY
CHAIN OF
INFECTION

29. STAGES OF INFECTION
RECOVERY STAGE
ILLNESS STAGE
PRODROMAL STAGE
INCUBATION STAGE

30. 1. INCUBATION STAGE
It is when a person acquires the
pathogen until the appearance of
the first sign.
“silent stage”

31. 2. PRODROMAL STAGE
It is when there are non-specific
signs and symptoms appearing.
“headache, runny nose,
slight fever”

32. 3. ILLNESS or CLINICAL STAGE
It is the time when illness reaches
its highest point of development.
“severe aches, vomiting,
high fever, sore throat,
sinus congestion”

33. 4. RECOVERY or
CONVALESCENCE STAGE
This is the time when
recovery seems complete
although the disease is still
communicable.
“pathogen has mostly eliminated”

34. APPLICATION
Group Presentation

35. Instructions:
🞅 You will be grouped into 3 groups.
🞅 You will create a short presentation
based on the task you have picked.
🞅 Each group will be given 5 to 10 minutes
to prepare for the presentation.

36. Instructions:
You will be rated according to the following criteria:
🞅 Content – 10 pts.
🞅 Presentation – 10 pts.
🞅 Creativity – 5 pts.
🞅 Member’s participation – 5 pts.
TOTAL = 30 points

37. TASK: ROLE PLAYING
🞅 You will be portraying how a certain disease
transfers from one person to other.
🞅 You will be following the links of the chain of
infection.
🞅 After the presentation, there will be a group
representative to explain what you have presented in
front.
🞅 All members should have a role to portray.

38. TASK: POSTER MAKING
🞅 You will be making a poster about the chain of
infection.
🞅 You substitute the names of the links of the
chain of infection with symbols.
🞅 There should have a group representative to
present your output.

39. TASK: NEWS CASTING
🞅 There will be students who will act as news
reporters in front of the class.
🞅 Members of the group should make a
simple script to report by the
reporters.
🞅 The script should be about the stages of

40. EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ
1. These are diseases which
are transferred from one
person to another.

41. 2. What is the disease-
causing microorganism that
attack the body and infect
cells?
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ

42. EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ
3. This is the interval between
entrance of pathogen into the
body to the appearance of first
symptoms.

43. EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ
4. It is the route of escape of
the pathogen from the
reservoir.

44. 5. The stage of infection
wherein the illness reaches its
highest point of development.
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ

45. EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ
Arrange the following processes in
chronological order. Write letters A
to E on the space provided before
each number.
(A is 1st step, B 2nd step, so on..)

46. __ 6. Convalescence stage is recovery stage.
__ 7. Illness stage is when specific severe signs and
symptoms appear.
__ 8. Incubation stage is when a person acquires the
pathogen.
__ 9. Prodromal stage is when there are non-specific
signs and symptoms appearing.
__ 10. Decline stage time when the signs and symptoms
of the sick person slowly go down.
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ

47. __ 11. passed through a direct or indirect Mode of
Transmission.
__ 12. reservoir which can be a living or non-living
object. When the pathogen
__ 13. Susceptible Host if one who has a low immunity
resistance is the next victim.
__ 14. leaves the reservoir through a Portal of Exit, the
pathogen is
__ 15. The organism enters then the body through a
Portal of Entry and the
The chain of infection starts when a
pathogen lives in …

48. EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ
Let’s check!

49. EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ
1. These are diseases which
are transferred from one
person to another.

50. EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ
Correct Answer:
1. Communicable Diseases
or Infectious Diseases

51. 2. What is the disease-
causing microorganism that
attack the body and infect
cells?
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ

52. EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ
Correct Answer:
2. Pathogen
(Causative Agent)

53. EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ
3. This is the interval between
entrance of pathogen into the
body to the appearance of first
symptoms.

54. EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ
Correct Answer:
3. Incubation Stage

55. EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ
4. It is the route of escape of
the pathogen from the
reservoir.

56. EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ
Correct Answer:
4. Portal of Exit

57. 5. The stage of infection
wherein the illness reaches its
highest point of development.
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ

58. EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ
Correct
Answer:
5. Illness Stage
or Clinical Stage

59. EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ
Arrange the following processes in
chronological order. Write letters A
to E on the space provided before
each number.
(A is 1st step, B 2nd step, so on..)

60. __ 6. Convalescence stage is recovery stage.
__ 7. Illness stage is when specific severe signs and
symptoms appear.
__ 8. Incubation stage is when a person acquires the
pathogen.
__ 9. Prodromal stage is when there are non-specific
signs and symptoms appearing.
__ 10. Decline stage time when the signs and symptoms
of the sick person slowly go down.
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ

61. symptoms appear.
__ 8. Incubation stage is when a person acquires the
pathogen.
__ 10. Decline stage time when the signs and symptoms
of the sick person slowly go down.
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ
__ E 6. Convalescence stage is recovery stage.
__C 7. Illness stage is when specific severe signs and
A
__B 9. Prodromal stage is when there are non-specific
signs and symptoms appearing.
D

62. __ 11. passed through a direct or indirect Mode of
Transmission.
__ 12. reservoir which can be a living or non-living
object. When the pathogen
__ 13. Susceptible Host if one who has a low immunity
resistance is the next victim.
__ 14. leaves the reservoir through a Portal of Exit, the
pathogen is
__ 15. The organism enters then the body through a
Portal of Entry and the
The chain of infection starts when a
pathogen lives in …

63. __ 12. reservoir which can be a living or non-living
object. When the pathogen
__ 13. Susceptible Host if one who has a low immunity
__
The chain of infection starts when a
pathogen lives in …
_
_
C 11. passed through a direct or indirect Mode of
A Transmission.
E
B
resistance is the next victim.
__ 14. leaves the reservoir through a Portal of Exit, the
D 15.
pathogen is
The organism enters then the body through a
Portal of Entry and the

64. ASSIGNMENT
🞅Now that you have understood the stages of
infection, choose the stage where you think is the
best stage to CUT from the flow of infection and
explain why you chose that stage. Write your answer
in a ¼ sheet of paper.
🞅Research also on the internet the 6 kinds of
pathogens and list 3 examples of diseases that are
caused by those pathogens.