Many women experience some minor disorders during pregnancy.
Every system of the body may be affected during pregnancy. These disorders, however , are not minor to the pregnant woman.
Many women experience some minor disorders during pregnancy.
Every system of the body may be affected during pregnancy. These disorders, however , are not minor to the pregnant woman.
nurses/doctor will insert two lubricated, gloved fingers into your vagina with one hand, while the other hand presses gently on the outside of your lower abdomen. During this part of the exam, your doctor will check the size and shape of your uterus and ovaries, noting any tender areas or unusual growths.
Postnatal care (PNC) for the mother should respond to her special needs, starting within an hour after the delivery of the placenta and extending through the following six weeks. The care includes the prevention, early detection and treatment of complications, and the provision of counselling on breastfeeding, birth spacing, immunization and maternal nutrition. To standardise the PNC service, you are advised to use the screening, counselling and postnatal care cards. These cards ensure that you have covered all the essential steps in every home visit.
this ppt is beneficial for nursing and obstetric and gynaecology students.
To have the mother and child Healthy during the 9 months of pregnancy, Antenatal Care is must. This nine month is very crucial and intensive care should be provided to the mother.
nurses/doctor will insert two lubricated, gloved fingers into your vagina with one hand, while the other hand presses gently on the outside of your lower abdomen. During this part of the exam, your doctor will check the size and shape of your uterus and ovaries, noting any tender areas or unusual growths.
Postnatal care (PNC) for the mother should respond to her special needs, starting within an hour after the delivery of the placenta and extending through the following six weeks. The care includes the prevention, early detection and treatment of complications, and the provision of counselling on breastfeeding, birth spacing, immunization and maternal nutrition. To standardise the PNC service, you are advised to use the screening, counselling and postnatal care cards. These cards ensure that you have covered all the essential steps in every home visit.
this ppt is beneficial for nursing and obstetric and gynaecology students.
To have the mother and child Healthy during the 9 months of pregnancy, Antenatal Care is must. This nine month is very crucial and intensive care should be provided to the mother.
Antenatal care which is just the care given to a pregnant woman through out pregnancy from the time of conception until the time the woman goes into labor.
Obsterics and Gynaecology-
introduction-Preventive obstetrics is the concept of prevention or early detection of particular health deviations through routine periodic examinations and screening .
The concept of preventive obstetrics concerns with the concepts of the health & wellbeing of the mother her baby during the antenatal,intranatal & postnatal period.
The goal of the preventive obstetrics is the delivery of a healthy infant by a healthy mother at the end of a healthy pregnancy.
Pregnancy & child birth normal physiological
process that change from conception to
delivery.
Objectives
To promote , protect and maintain the health of the mother during pregnancy.
To detect “high risk” cases and give them special attention
To foresee complications and prevent them.
To remove anxiety and dread associated with delivery
Breast & it's problems and treatment made by sonal Patelsonal patel
Breast & it's problems and treatment - Anatomy of Breast and Physiology of lactation , Breast Diseases - 1. bening breast problems, Breast Cancer, bening neoplastic lump made by sonal Patel
Antenatal Care Guideline- gestational Age Assessment,Early USG, Nutritional ...sonal patel
Antenatal Care Guideline- gestational Age Assessment,Early USG, Nutritional Supplements,, Food Acquired Infections,medicine, alcohol,smoking, Sexual Intercose avoid, Exercise, Clinical Screening in PPT made by sonal patel
methods of Chromosomal Evaluation in Amniocentesis- Define, Time for test, C...sonal patel
methods of Chromosomal Evaluation in Amniocentesis- Define, Time for test, Complications,and Chorionic Villus sampling ( CVS) , Risk of Procedure, Steps of Procedure in PPT -Define, Time for test made By sonal Patel
Amenorrhea - Define, Cause, Sign and Symptoms, Type- Pathological and Physiol...sonal patel
Amenorrhea - Define, Cause, Sign and Symptoms, Type- Pathological and Physiological Amenorrhea and It's Treatment and management, Cushing Syndrome - Define, Causes, Sign And Symptoms in PPT made By Sonal Patel
Abruptio placenta- Define, cause, sign and symptoms, Risk Factors, Incidence,pathology, Classification, Prevention and Treatment, management in PPT made by sonal Patel
ABO-Rh Isoimmunisation in that The Basics of Blood, antibody can Be Detecte...sonal patel
ABO-Rh Isoimmunisation in that The Basics of Blood, antibody can Be Detected,ABO Blood Group System,Rh Blood Group System,Pathogenesis Of Rh Isoimmunisation, Prevention and Management of ABO incompatibility in PPT made By Sonal Patel
Dysfunctional uterine Bleeding is type of Abnormal bleeding from the genital ...sonal patel
Dysfunctional uterine Bleeding is type of Abnormal bleeding from the genital tract- Factore, Types, Diagnosis, Treatment in that one type DUB- Define, sign and Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Management, hormonal Therapy in PPT made By sonal Patel
Birth defect system according to System wise in that Respiratory System Birth...sonal patel
Birth defect system according to System wise in that Respiratory System Birth defect, Cardiovascular System Birth defect,Digestive System Birth defect, Extremity Birth defect made by sonal Patel
Embryology-all basic definition,Stage wise development of fetus,development o...sonal patel
Embryology-all basic definition,Stage wise development of fetus,development of Zygote stage ,development of Embrionic Stage ,development of Fetus Stage all are according week development,Amnione,chorion,Fetal layer, Umbilical Cord developmentmade By sonal Patel
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Health Talk on ANC Diet vies in Lesson Plan Format use for OBG Assignment submission
1. 1
j.G COLLEGE OF Nursing,
AHMEDABAD
SUBJECT: obstetric and gynecological nursing
TOPIC : HEALTH TALK ON ANTENATAL CARE
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
Ms. Rekhamol Sidhanar, Ms.Sonal Patel
Assistant Professor, F.Y.M.Sc(N).
J.G College of Nursing, J.G College of Nursing,
2. 2
CENTRAL OBJECTIVE
At completion of the health teaching, mothers will be able to understand the meaning and importance of antenatal
care and follow the aspects of antenatal care.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
At completion of the topic, mother will be able to,
Understand and explain the meaning of antenatal [period.
Describe and discuss about the meaning of antenatal care.
Describe the importance of antenatal period.
Define antenatal care.
Enumerate different aspects of antenatal care.
Follow all the aspects of antenatal care.
Identify the danger signs.
Rule out the different symptoms which must be reported to the consult doctor as soon as possible.
Prevent complications by following the routine care aspects.
Give keep their fetus healthy.
3. 3
TIME OBJECTIVES CONTENT
TEACHING /
LEARNING
ACTIVITY
A.V. Aids Used
EVALUATION
1 min Give
introduction
about self and
topic
Self Introduction
Topic introduction
Introducing the
topic using
lecture method
-- --
2 min Explain the
importance of
antenatal
care.
Antenatal care:
Antenatal period is very crucial period
because mother has to keep in mind about
health of both, herself as well as the fetus.
And if proper care is to be provided during
this period then only she can able to give birth
to a healthy baby.
Discussion
What is the
importance of
ante natal
care?
2 min Define
antenatal
care.
Definition:
Care provided to improve the health of the
pregnant woman and her baby by monitoring
the progress of the pregnancy and detecting
and managing any problems.
Discussion
What is the
simple
meaning of
antenatal
care?
2 min Enumerate
important
Important aspects of routine antenatal
care: Discussion
Which are the
different
aspects of
4. 4
TIME OBJECTIVES CONTENT
TEACHING /
LEARNING
ACTIVITY
A.V. Aids Used
EVALUATION
aspects of
antenatal care
1. Antenatal registration
2. Minimum three Antenatal checkups
3. TT immunization
4. Hemoglobin estimation
5. Iron and folic acid supplements
6. Regular antenatal examination with
abdominal examination and weight and
blood pressure
7. Antenatal diet
8. Blood test and urine test
9. Report the dangerous signs immediately
Discussion antenatal
care?
5min Describe each
aspect in
detail.
Antenatal registration:
Antenatal registration is very important. And
it’s the first step of antenatal care. As the
mother gets conform that she is pregnant,
she must have to register her name in
antenatal registration. Registration can be
done at any private or government hospital
or any community health centre or primary
health centre. It should be done as early as
Discussion What is the
ideal period of
the antenatal
registration?
5. 5
TIME OBJECTIVES CONTENT
TEACHING /
LEARNING
ACTIVITY
A.V. Aids Used
EVALUATION
5 Min Describe each
aspect in
detail.
possible ideally before 12 weeks of the
pregnancy.
Minimum three antenatal checkups:
Every antenatal mother has to undergo
through minimum three antenatal checkups
during her whole antenatal period. 1st
to
begin in 2nd
trimester- before 20 weeks and
two in 3rd
trimester. To monitor progress of
pregnancy, detect early medical and
obstetrical dangerous condition and provide
timely treatment.
( weight , blood loss, abdominal examination
for position, fundal height, pallor, fetal heart
sound. Hemoglobin estimation, urine
examination).
TT immunization:
Injection tetanus gives protection against
tetanus. First dose should be taken as the
pregnancy conforms and second dose should
be taken after one month from the first dose.
Explain about
antenatal
checkup
Minimum
how many
antenatal
visits are
required?
How many
doses of TT
immunization
are required
during
antenatal
period?
6. 6
TIME OBJECTIVES CONTENT
TEACHING /
LEARNING
ACTIVITY
A.V. Aids Used
EVALUATION
3 Min Describe each
aspect in
detail.
Hemoglobin estimation:
Hemoglobin should be checked at every visit
to rule out anemia. Deficiency of iron may
lead to certain congenital anomalies in the
baby like neural tube defect. It also affects
the health of the mother as there will be
more blood loss during delivery so it will be
dangerous for mother’s health also.
Iron and folic acid supplements:
Iron and folic acid supplements are given to
every antenatal mother. Whose hb level is
more than 10, should be given 30 tablets for
a month, one tablet each day. Hb level
between 7-10 should be provided with 60
tablets for a month, 2 tablets daily. And hb
level less than 6-7 requires special treatment.
The mother should be explained to take these
iron folic acid tablets with curd or lemon juice
Explain about
antenatal
checkup
Explain about
antenatal Table
Why HB
estimation is
necessary
especially in
antenatal
mothers?
What is the
importance of
iron folic acid
tablets among
antenatal
mothers?
7. 7
TIME OBJECTIVES CONTENT
TEACHING /
LEARNING
ACTIVITY
A.V. Aids Used
EVALUATION
5 Min Describe each
aspect in
detail.
or any food that contains vitamin c. it will help
in the digestion of the iron and prevents
constipation.
Regular antenatal examination with
measurement of weight and blood
pressure:
It includes abdominal examination,
measurement of blood pressure, weight,
urine examination. Abdominal examination
gives idea about position of the fetus,
gestational age; hear sound of the fetus etc.
Blood pressure and urine test is to rule out
the pregnancy induced hypertension because
during time of labor it will be harmful for both
the mother and the baby. Weight
measurement gives an idea about an increase
or decrease in the weight of the mother and
from that we can able to identify the growth
of the fetus in utero. During whole antenatal
Explain about
antenatal
checkup
What is the
importance of
regular
antenatal
examination?
8. 8
TIME OBJECTIVES CONTENT
TEACHING /
LEARNING
ACTIVITY
A.V. Aids Used
EVALUATION
3 Min Describe
Antenatal
diet.
period there should be an increase of the
weight about 10-12 kg. It’s a good sign of
growth of the baby in the womb.
Antenatal diet:
During this period, mother requires extra
300-400 kilo calories than normal. It is due to
the nourishment ant requirement of the
fetus. Mother should be advised to take full
balanced diet including high protein, high
calorie, iron rich diet with plenty of fluids and
fibrous diet. Green leafy vegetables are very
useful during this period. Along with vitamins
it’s also gives minerals and other micro
nutrients.
Blood test and urine test:
This includes screening for the HIV, hepatitis
etc because it harms both and also infect the
Discussion
about
antenatal Diet
Which type of
diet/ food is
helpful in
antenatal
period?
9. 9
TIME OBJECTIVES CONTENT
TEACHING /
LEARNING
ACTIVITY
A.V. Aids Used
EVALUATION
baby. This routine blood test and urine test
are also helpful to rule out gestational
diabetes.
2 min Summaries
the topic.
Summary:
Introduction, Definition, Routine antenatal
care
Signs to be reported
Discussion
--
Which are the
important
aspects of
antenatal
care?
1 Min Bibliography of
Antenatal Advice.
Bibliography:
1. “Advanced Midwifery Tutor Training”;
Module– 5 ; Academy for nursing
studies, Hyderabad, A.P.; Pg no. : 32 – 38.
2. “Dutta D.C., “textbook of Obstetrics”; 6th
edition; 2004, new central book agency
pvt limited, culcutta,Pp:- 95-113
3. Parulkar Shashank V., “Textbook For
Midwives”; 2nd
edition; 1995; Vohra
10. 10
TIME OBJECTIVES CONTENT
TEACHING /
LEARNING
ACTIVITY
A.V. Aids Used
EVALUATION
Bibliography of
Antenatal Advice.
medical publication; Bombay. Pp: 176-
183.
4. World health organization, “antenatal
care : a practical guide”;Department of
reproductive health and research, WHO,
Geneva- 2003.
Websites:
1. www.mercury,com antenatal
care.com
2. www.wikipedia.com routine
antenatal care
3. www.iumg.iu.edu. Antenatal
advice
4. www.google.com antenatal
care.pdf
5. www.wikipedia.com antenatal
care.ppt
11. 11
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
BOOKS:
1. Basavanthappa B.T,“Textboook midwifery & Reproductive Health Nursing.”1st
edn;2006,Jaypee brothers
publication. Page no: 215 – 218,249-255.
2. Daftary, Chakravarti, “ Manual Of Obstetric”, 2nd
ed; 2007, Elsevier Publication, Delhi. Page No : 85 -86.
3. Dutta D.C, “Textbook of obstetrics.” 6th
ed;2004, New central book agency (p)Ltd, Kolkata. Page No.: 100 – 102..
4. Jacob Annama, “ A comprehensive textbook of midwifery.” 1st
ed;2005,Jaypee brothers publication, New Delhi.
Page No: 98 – 105.
5. Hodder Arnold, “ A textbook for midwives in the tropics”,2nd
ed;2008, Jaypee Brother Publication, New Delhi,
Page No : 85 – 90.
6. Myles, “textbook for midwives.” 14th
ed;2003, Elsevier publication, New delhi, Page No: 290 – 291.
7. Netter’s, “obstetrics & gynaecology.” 2nd
ed;2008, Elsevier publication, Philadelphia. Page No: 20.
8. Padubidri V, Ela Anand, “Textbook of obstetric.” 1st
ed;2006,B.I. publication, New Delhi. Page No:72 – 74.
ONLINE REFERANCE:
1. http://www.slideshare.net/tuktuk20/care-antenatal care
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/antenatal advice advice
3. http://baby care.in/exercise/antenatal exercise
4. http://antenatal mother/exercises