The document discusses maternal and child health. It defines maternal and child health services as promoting, preventing, therapeutic or rehabilitation care for mothers and children. It outlines the key stages of maternal development from pre-pregnancy to postpartum and child development from conception to age 5. The objectives and components of maternal and child health programs and services are described, including antenatal, intranatal, postnatal care and child health services. High-risk mothers and babies are also identified.
This document discusses reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent (RMNCH+A) health in India. It outlines the key objectives, strategies and initiatives of the RMNCH+A approach, which aims to address major causes of mortality among women and children by providing continuum of care across life stages. The approach focuses on family planning, maternal health, newborn care, child health, adolescent health and declining sex ratios. It details programs implemented across these areas and monitoring mechanisms in place to track performance. The conclusion emphasizes that RMNCH+A looks to address delays in healthcare access and utilization through its strategic continuum of care framework.
Children are vulnerable to malnutrition and infectious diseases that can often be prevented or treated. The document discusses global and national statistics on infant mortality rates and the leading causes of child death. It outlines India's national child health programs since the 1950s that aim to reduce infant and child mortality rates by focusing on interventions like immunization, diarrhea treatment, and prenatal care. Key initiatives include the Universal Immunization Program, Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Program, Reproductive and Child Health Program, and strategies to provide vitamin A supplementation and manage neonatal and childhood illnesses. The goal is to achieve significant reductions in infant, neonatal, and child mortality rates.
Role of I/NGOs in Health Promotion and EducationPrabesh Ghimire
This document discusses the roles of multilateral organizations, bilateral organizations, and international and national non-governmental organizations (I/NGOs) in health promotion and education in Nepal. It explains that multilateral and bilateral organizations focus on coordination, funding, advocacy, policy support, and technical assistance. I/NGOs focus on operational roles like designing communication interventions, counseling services, media campaigns, materials development, social marketing, training, and creating supportive environments through activities like WASH and mHealth programs. Current gaps mentioned are the need for more results-based communication and reducing program duplication.
This document provides an overview of maternal and child health services. It defines maternal and child health as promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative health care for mothers and children. The key components of maternal and child health services discussed are maternal health care, child health care, and family planning. Maternal health care includes antenatal care during pregnancy, intranatal care during delivery, and postnatal care after delivery. The document outlines the objectives, services, and indicators of maternal and child health programs.
Infant and young child feeding practice in nepal l sachin pokharelsachinpokharel97
This document summarizes an academic presentation on infant and young child feeding practices in Nepal. It begins with an introduction describing the importance of optimal feeding during the first two years of life. It then outlines the objectives, methodology, key findings from literature reviews and research studies in Nepal, conclusions about the current status of practices, and recommendations to improve adherence to feeding guidelines. The findings show some promising trends but also areas needing improvement, such as exclusive breastfeeding rates and timely introduction of complementary foods.
Child mortality remains a major problem globally despite significant progress. The document discusses definitions related to child mortality, key causes such as prematurity and pneumonia, and determinants like socioeconomic factors. It outlines WHO strategies to improve child health including integrated management of childhood illness. Progress toward reducing under-5 mortality is highlighted, though inequities remain. The sustainable development goals aim to further reduce preventable child deaths by 2030.
This document discusses reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent (RMNCH+A) health in India. It outlines the key objectives, strategies and initiatives of the RMNCH+A approach, which aims to address major causes of mortality among women and children by providing continuum of care across life stages. The approach focuses on family planning, maternal health, newborn care, child health, adolescent health and declining sex ratios. It details programs implemented across these areas and monitoring mechanisms in place to track performance. The conclusion emphasizes that RMNCH+A looks to address delays in healthcare access and utilization through its strategic continuum of care framework.
Children are vulnerable to malnutrition and infectious diseases that can often be prevented or treated. The document discusses global and national statistics on infant mortality rates and the leading causes of child death. It outlines India's national child health programs since the 1950s that aim to reduce infant and child mortality rates by focusing on interventions like immunization, diarrhea treatment, and prenatal care. Key initiatives include the Universal Immunization Program, Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Program, Reproductive and Child Health Program, and strategies to provide vitamin A supplementation and manage neonatal and childhood illnesses. The goal is to achieve significant reductions in infant, neonatal, and child mortality rates.
Role of I/NGOs in Health Promotion and EducationPrabesh Ghimire
This document discusses the roles of multilateral organizations, bilateral organizations, and international and national non-governmental organizations (I/NGOs) in health promotion and education in Nepal. It explains that multilateral and bilateral organizations focus on coordination, funding, advocacy, policy support, and technical assistance. I/NGOs focus on operational roles like designing communication interventions, counseling services, media campaigns, materials development, social marketing, training, and creating supportive environments through activities like WASH and mHealth programs. Current gaps mentioned are the need for more results-based communication and reducing program duplication.
This document provides an overview of maternal and child health services. It defines maternal and child health as promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative health care for mothers and children. The key components of maternal and child health services discussed are maternal health care, child health care, and family planning. Maternal health care includes antenatal care during pregnancy, intranatal care during delivery, and postnatal care after delivery. The document outlines the objectives, services, and indicators of maternal and child health programs.
Infant and young child feeding practice in nepal l sachin pokharelsachinpokharel97
This document summarizes an academic presentation on infant and young child feeding practices in Nepal. It begins with an introduction describing the importance of optimal feeding during the first two years of life. It then outlines the objectives, methodology, key findings from literature reviews and research studies in Nepal, conclusions about the current status of practices, and recommendations to improve adherence to feeding guidelines. The findings show some promising trends but also areas needing improvement, such as exclusive breastfeeding rates and timely introduction of complementary foods.
Child mortality remains a major problem globally despite significant progress. The document discusses definitions related to child mortality, key causes such as prematurity and pneumonia, and determinants like socioeconomic factors. It outlines WHO strategies to improve child health including integrated management of childhood illness. Progress toward reducing under-5 mortality is highlighted, though inequities remain. The sustainable development goals aim to further reduce preventable child deaths by 2030.
Adolescent health and national health programmesDr.Preeti Tiwari
The document discusses several national health programs in India that address adolescent health issues. It describes programs like RKSK that focus on improving nutrition, sexual and reproductive health, and preventing injuries among adolescents. It also outlines other schemes for adolescent girls such as Kishori Shakti Yojana and Nutrition Program for Adolescent Girls that aim to enhance their health, education, and empowerment. The document provides details on services covered under these programs, including weekly iron supplementation, health clinics, peer education, and life skills training.
Maternal and child health (MCH) services aim to promote the health of mothers and children. This includes prenatal, intranatal, and postnatal care from conception through early childhood. The goals are to reduce mortality and morbidity through services like antenatal care, safe delivery practices, postpartum care, immunizations, and monitoring of child growth and development. Community health nurses play a key role in providing direct clinical care, health education, and managing MCH programs. Assessment of MCH programs is done using indicators such as maternal mortality rate, infant mortality rate, and under-five mortality rate.
The document discusses reproductive health, defining it as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being in all matters relating to the reproductive system and its functions. It was introduced at the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development and later adopted by the WHO. The document outlines the components of reproductive health, including family planning, safe motherhood, STI prevention, and adolescent health. It discusses indicators used to measure reproductive health outcomes and the guiding principles developed by ICPD to promote empowerment, quality care, and integrated services.
This document provides an overview of global health and the history and work of the World Health Organization (WHO). It discusses how international cooperation on health issues originated from early sanitary conferences and led to the establishment of WHO in 1948. Key details include WHO's structure, membership, priorities such as disease prevention and control, and milestones such as the eradication of smallpox. The roles of other related international organizations such as UNICEF, UNDP, FAO, and the World Bank in global health are also summarized.
This document discusses adolescent reproductive and sexual health (ARSH) in India. It notes that adolescents aged 10-19 make up 22% of India's population and face increased health risks like anemia, early marriage, teenage pregnancy, and STIs/HIV. The ARSH strategy aims to reduce teenage pregnancies and meet contraceptive needs through health services, capacity building, and communication activities. It also discusses establishing linkages between ARSH and HIV programs to address shared challenges and risks factors cost-effectively. The strategies proposed to promote adolescent health include adopting healthy lifestyles, organizing youth-friendly clinics, providing life skills training, counseling, and empowering adolescents.
This document discusses the importance of maintaining health records for individuals and families at the community level. It outlines the purposes of health records, which include planning programs and evaluating services, providing data to health practitioners, and communicating information between health workers and other personnel. The document describes the types of records maintained at subcenters, including family folders, immunization records, reports on antenatal care and child care services. It emphasizes principles for properly documenting information in records, such as clearly identifying clients, dating entries, and keeping records confidential, organized and up to date. Regular reporting of services provided is also important for interpreting programs to the public and other agencies.
The document provides dietary guidelines for pregnant women, recommending a balanced diet that meets increased caloric and nutrient needs. It emphasizes consuming complex carbohydrates, sprouted grains, and home-cooked foods. A daily diet should include cereals, pulses, vegetables, fruits, milk, and moderate fats/oils. Key nutrients like folic acid, iron, iodine, vitamins, calcium are vital for fetal development and lactation. Traditional Indian concepts of Sattvic foods like vegetables are best.
Prevention and follow up of malnutritionShaan Ahmed
Malnutrition requires prevention, treatment, and long-term follow up. Children should be followed up to 2-5 years after discharge to monitor growth, development, and prevent long term issues. Treatment may fail if feed is improperly prepared, inadequate, or not taken properly. Multilevel actions are needed including nutrition education, breastfeeding promotion, improved family diets, and coordinated programs at family, community, national, and international levels.
This document discusses different ways of measuring health, including natural measurements like healthy days and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). It describes how QALYs quantify both the quality and quantity of life by assigning weights between 0 and 1 to different health states. Methods for estimating these weights include rating scales, time trade-off, and standard gambling. The document also discusses instruments like the EQ-5D that are used to measure health-related quality of life and provide weights to calculate QALYs and QALY gains from interventions.
This document outlines India's school health service and programme. It discusses [1] the history and development of school health services in India dating back to 1909, [2] common health problems among school children like malnutrition and infectious diseases, and [3] the objectives of promoting positive health, preventing diseases, and providing healthful environments for children. It also describes the [4] services provided through the school health programme, such as health checkups, disease prevention, and referral services, as well as [5] strategies and a multi-level approach to healthcare delivery through schools, primary centers, and tertiary hospitals.
The nutrition section is responsible for Nepal's national nutrition program. Its goals are to improve nutritional status and contribute to socioeconomic development. Major issues include stunting, wasting, anemia, and vitamin deficiencies. Programs promote breastfeeding, supplementation, food fortification, and management of malnutrition. Significant progress has been made in reducing stunting, anemia, and iodine and vitamin A deficiencies. However, challenges remain to meet global nutrition targets by 2025.
1. About 29,000 children under five die every day mainly from preventable causes like pneumonia, diarrhea, measles, malaria, and malnutrition.
2. One of the Millennium Development Goals was to reduce child mortality rates by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. Many countries including India have seen a decline in child mortality rates in recent decades.
3. Malnutrition is a major cause of childhood deaths, contributing to over half of all deaths. It weakens the immune system, leading to increased susceptibility to infections. Proper nutrition is critical, especially for infants and young children.
National Nutritional programmes in india ANILKUMAR BR
The document outlines several key nutritional programmes in India, including the Integrated Child Development Services scheme (ICDS), Mid-Day Meal programme, Special Nutrition Programme (SNP), National Nutritional Anemia Prophylaxis Programme, and National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme. It provides details on the objectives, target groups, and components of the ICDS and SNP programmes, which aim to improve nutrition among vulnerable groups like children, pregnant women, and nursing mothers. The NNAPP and National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme also seek to prevent and address nutritional deficiencies.
This slide contains information regarding Maternal and Child Health Program. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students. Your feedback is highly appreciated. Thank you!
The document summarizes key Indian health programs - Reproductive and Child Health (RCH), Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), and Janani Shishu Suraksha Yojana (JSSY). RCH aims to reduce infant and maternal mortality. ICDS provides integrated services like nutrition, health checkups, and education to children and mothers. JSSY provides free healthcare for pregnant women and sick newborns, including delivery, C-sections, treatment, diagnosis, transport, and diet. The programs aim to improve health outcomes, especially for poor and underserved populations.
The document discusses the importance of proper nutrition during the first 1,000 days of life, from pregnancy to age 2. It notes that malnutrition during this critical window can impair physical and cognitive development with lifelong consequences. Providing adequate nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding is crucial for children's growth, educational performance, economic productivity, and national development. The document emphasizes investing in the health, nutrition and care of mothers and young children to help countries achieve their development goals.
I believe pregnancy is a long and difficult process for every mum in the world. Through a better diet planning for pregnant women, they can have a healthier body to welcome their beloved baby.
The document provides guidance on family planning counselling for women after childbirth or abortion. It discusses the role of the family planning counsellor in supporting women and their partners in choosing a method that meets their needs. The counsellor should assess the situation, discuss various method options based on effectiveness, side effects and other factors, check eligibility, and provide instructions for correct use. The guidance emphasizes facilitating shared decision-making and tailoring advice to individual needs and circumstances.
Preventives in obs pedia and geriatericsDrRavi Jain
This document discusses preventive measures in obstetrics and pediatrics. It covers antenatal, intranatal, and postnatal care including the importance of breastfeeding and monitoring infant growth and development. Key aspects include immunizing mothers and children, providing nutrition education, treating common issues like malnutrition and infection, and ensuring clean delivery practices. The overall goal is to promote maternal and child health through preventive healthcare.
The document discusses maternal and child health, noting that maternal health refers to women ages 15-45, child health is for those under 15, and health encompasses physical, mental, and social well-being. It outlines the importance of antenatal care in detecting high-risk mothers, preventing complications, and educating on child care and family planning. The document also covers intra natal care which aims for asepsis during birth, minimal injury to mother and infant, and readiness to address complications while caring for the newborn.
Adolescent health and national health programmesDr.Preeti Tiwari
The document discusses several national health programs in India that address adolescent health issues. It describes programs like RKSK that focus on improving nutrition, sexual and reproductive health, and preventing injuries among adolescents. It also outlines other schemes for adolescent girls such as Kishori Shakti Yojana and Nutrition Program for Adolescent Girls that aim to enhance their health, education, and empowerment. The document provides details on services covered under these programs, including weekly iron supplementation, health clinics, peer education, and life skills training.
Maternal and child health (MCH) services aim to promote the health of mothers and children. This includes prenatal, intranatal, and postnatal care from conception through early childhood. The goals are to reduce mortality and morbidity through services like antenatal care, safe delivery practices, postpartum care, immunizations, and monitoring of child growth and development. Community health nurses play a key role in providing direct clinical care, health education, and managing MCH programs. Assessment of MCH programs is done using indicators such as maternal mortality rate, infant mortality rate, and under-five mortality rate.
The document discusses reproductive health, defining it as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being in all matters relating to the reproductive system and its functions. It was introduced at the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development and later adopted by the WHO. The document outlines the components of reproductive health, including family planning, safe motherhood, STI prevention, and adolescent health. It discusses indicators used to measure reproductive health outcomes and the guiding principles developed by ICPD to promote empowerment, quality care, and integrated services.
This document provides an overview of global health and the history and work of the World Health Organization (WHO). It discusses how international cooperation on health issues originated from early sanitary conferences and led to the establishment of WHO in 1948. Key details include WHO's structure, membership, priorities such as disease prevention and control, and milestones such as the eradication of smallpox. The roles of other related international organizations such as UNICEF, UNDP, FAO, and the World Bank in global health are also summarized.
This document discusses adolescent reproductive and sexual health (ARSH) in India. It notes that adolescents aged 10-19 make up 22% of India's population and face increased health risks like anemia, early marriage, teenage pregnancy, and STIs/HIV. The ARSH strategy aims to reduce teenage pregnancies and meet contraceptive needs through health services, capacity building, and communication activities. It also discusses establishing linkages between ARSH and HIV programs to address shared challenges and risks factors cost-effectively. The strategies proposed to promote adolescent health include adopting healthy lifestyles, organizing youth-friendly clinics, providing life skills training, counseling, and empowering adolescents.
This document discusses the importance of maintaining health records for individuals and families at the community level. It outlines the purposes of health records, which include planning programs and evaluating services, providing data to health practitioners, and communicating information between health workers and other personnel. The document describes the types of records maintained at subcenters, including family folders, immunization records, reports on antenatal care and child care services. It emphasizes principles for properly documenting information in records, such as clearly identifying clients, dating entries, and keeping records confidential, organized and up to date. Regular reporting of services provided is also important for interpreting programs to the public and other agencies.
The document provides dietary guidelines for pregnant women, recommending a balanced diet that meets increased caloric and nutrient needs. It emphasizes consuming complex carbohydrates, sprouted grains, and home-cooked foods. A daily diet should include cereals, pulses, vegetables, fruits, milk, and moderate fats/oils. Key nutrients like folic acid, iron, iodine, vitamins, calcium are vital for fetal development and lactation. Traditional Indian concepts of Sattvic foods like vegetables are best.
Prevention and follow up of malnutritionShaan Ahmed
Malnutrition requires prevention, treatment, and long-term follow up. Children should be followed up to 2-5 years after discharge to monitor growth, development, and prevent long term issues. Treatment may fail if feed is improperly prepared, inadequate, or not taken properly. Multilevel actions are needed including nutrition education, breastfeeding promotion, improved family diets, and coordinated programs at family, community, national, and international levels.
This document discusses different ways of measuring health, including natural measurements like healthy days and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). It describes how QALYs quantify both the quality and quantity of life by assigning weights between 0 and 1 to different health states. Methods for estimating these weights include rating scales, time trade-off, and standard gambling. The document also discusses instruments like the EQ-5D that are used to measure health-related quality of life and provide weights to calculate QALYs and QALY gains from interventions.
This document outlines India's school health service and programme. It discusses [1] the history and development of school health services in India dating back to 1909, [2] common health problems among school children like malnutrition and infectious diseases, and [3] the objectives of promoting positive health, preventing diseases, and providing healthful environments for children. It also describes the [4] services provided through the school health programme, such as health checkups, disease prevention, and referral services, as well as [5] strategies and a multi-level approach to healthcare delivery through schools, primary centers, and tertiary hospitals.
The nutrition section is responsible for Nepal's national nutrition program. Its goals are to improve nutritional status and contribute to socioeconomic development. Major issues include stunting, wasting, anemia, and vitamin deficiencies. Programs promote breastfeeding, supplementation, food fortification, and management of malnutrition. Significant progress has been made in reducing stunting, anemia, and iodine and vitamin A deficiencies. However, challenges remain to meet global nutrition targets by 2025.
1. About 29,000 children under five die every day mainly from preventable causes like pneumonia, diarrhea, measles, malaria, and malnutrition.
2. One of the Millennium Development Goals was to reduce child mortality rates by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. Many countries including India have seen a decline in child mortality rates in recent decades.
3. Malnutrition is a major cause of childhood deaths, contributing to over half of all deaths. It weakens the immune system, leading to increased susceptibility to infections. Proper nutrition is critical, especially for infants and young children.
National Nutritional programmes in india ANILKUMAR BR
The document outlines several key nutritional programmes in India, including the Integrated Child Development Services scheme (ICDS), Mid-Day Meal programme, Special Nutrition Programme (SNP), National Nutritional Anemia Prophylaxis Programme, and National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme. It provides details on the objectives, target groups, and components of the ICDS and SNP programmes, which aim to improve nutrition among vulnerable groups like children, pregnant women, and nursing mothers. The NNAPP and National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme also seek to prevent and address nutritional deficiencies.
This slide contains information regarding Maternal and Child Health Program. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students. Your feedback is highly appreciated. Thank you!
The document summarizes key Indian health programs - Reproductive and Child Health (RCH), Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), and Janani Shishu Suraksha Yojana (JSSY). RCH aims to reduce infant and maternal mortality. ICDS provides integrated services like nutrition, health checkups, and education to children and mothers. JSSY provides free healthcare for pregnant women and sick newborns, including delivery, C-sections, treatment, diagnosis, transport, and diet. The programs aim to improve health outcomes, especially for poor and underserved populations.
The document discusses the importance of proper nutrition during the first 1,000 days of life, from pregnancy to age 2. It notes that malnutrition during this critical window can impair physical and cognitive development with lifelong consequences. Providing adequate nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding is crucial for children's growth, educational performance, economic productivity, and national development. The document emphasizes investing in the health, nutrition and care of mothers and young children to help countries achieve their development goals.
I believe pregnancy is a long and difficult process for every mum in the world. Through a better diet planning for pregnant women, they can have a healthier body to welcome their beloved baby.
The document provides guidance on family planning counselling for women after childbirth or abortion. It discusses the role of the family planning counsellor in supporting women and their partners in choosing a method that meets their needs. The counsellor should assess the situation, discuss various method options based on effectiveness, side effects and other factors, check eligibility, and provide instructions for correct use. The guidance emphasizes facilitating shared decision-making and tailoring advice to individual needs and circumstances.
Preventives in obs pedia and geriatericsDrRavi Jain
This document discusses preventive measures in obstetrics and pediatrics. It covers antenatal, intranatal, and postnatal care including the importance of breastfeeding and monitoring infant growth and development. Key aspects include immunizing mothers and children, providing nutrition education, treating common issues like malnutrition and infection, and ensuring clean delivery practices. The overall goal is to promote maternal and child health through preventive healthcare.
The document discusses maternal and child health, noting that maternal health refers to women ages 15-45, child health is for those under 15, and health encompasses physical, mental, and social well-being. It outlines the importance of antenatal care in detecting high-risk mothers, preventing complications, and educating on child care and family planning. The document also covers intra natal care which aims for asepsis during birth, minimal injury to mother and infant, and readiness to address complications while caring for the newborn.
This document discusses infant feeding practices and breastfeeding. It begins with definitions of different infant feeding categories like exclusive breastfeeding, predominant breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and bottle feeding. It then covers principles of breastfeeding like initiating breastfeeding within 30 minutes of birth and exclusively breastfeeding for the first 6 months. The advantages of breastfeeding for both babies and mothers are provided. National breastfeeding practices and initiatives like the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) are also summarized.
The document provides information on antenatal care, including its definition, objectives, essential services, physical examinations, health education, and risk factors. The key points are:
1) Antenatal care involves medical care during pregnancy to monitor the health of the mother and baby. Its objectives include promoting health, detecting high-risk cases, preventing complications, and educating mothers.
2) Essential antenatal care services include registering pregnant women, regular check-ups, tetanus immunizations, iron/folic acid supplements, and health education on nutrition, hygiene and more.
3) Appointments and physical examinations check weight, blood pressure, urine, and more to monitor health and
The document discusses reproductive health and the stages of labor and delivery. It defines reproductive health and its objectives. It then explains the three stages of labor as: 1) Early labor and active labor where contractions dilate the cervix, 2) Delivery of the baby, and 3) Delivery of the placenta within 30 minutes to an hour after birth. The document provides an overview of reproductive health topics.
reproductive health presentation final u.pptxAnasTanha
This document provides an overview of reproductive health topics presented to nursing students. It defines reproductive health and its objectives, which include educating youth about sexual health and creating awareness about safe sexual practices. It also outlines components of reproductive health like adolescent health and sexually transmitted infections. The document discusses methods to promote good reproductive health, problems related to reproductive health, and high-risk pregnancies. It further explains key concepts like gestation, pregnancy, antenatal care, and the roles of the community health nurse and healthcare team in reproductive health.
This document provides guidance for community health workers on maternal and child health and nutrition programs. It outlines key aspects of prenatal care that health workers should provide to pregnant women, including early signs of pregnancy, maintaining a list, health tips, immunizations, breastfeeding preparation, checkup schedules, danger signs, birth spacing, high-risk pregnancies, follow-up visits, and preparing for labor and delivery. The overall goal is to ensure proper prenatal care and management of pregnancies and deliveries in order to improve maternal and child health outcomes.
Maternal and child health care servicesKailash Nagar
This document discusses maternal and child health care. It begins by introducing the topic and defining maternal and child health services according to the WHO. The objectives of maternal and child health programs are then outlined, including reducing mortality and morbidity for mothers and children. Key health problems, indicators, and recent trends are also summarized. The document goes on to provide details on antenatal, intranatal, and postnatal care services as well as child health services. Causes of maternal and under-five deaths in India are also presented.
Lacto Genesis Breast Feeding : The Global Overview : Dr Sharda Jain Lifecare Centre
Breastfeeding provides complete nutrition for infants and benefits both mothers and children. It protects infants from illness and increases intelligence while protecting mothers from diseases like breast and ovarian cancer. The global overview shows exclusive breastfeeding rates have increased to 64% in India from 40% previously, though challenges remain. Medical practices and lack of support can negatively impact breastfeeding. Initiatives like the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative aim to promote breastfeeding best practices in healthcare facilities.
Maternal and child health programs aim to promote the health of mothers and children under 5 years old. Key objectives include reducing mortality and morbidity during pregnancy, childbirth, and early childhood. Services provided include antenatal care during pregnancy, care during labor and childbirth, and postnatal care for mothers and babies after delivery. Proper nutrition, immunizations, and health education are important components of maternal and child health programs.
This document discusses maternal and child health, with a focus on India. Some key points:
- Women and children make up over half of India's population and are the most vulnerable groups. Major causes of death among children under-5 and mothers are preventable.
- The principles of primary health care and treating the mother-child unit as one are important for providing integrated health services. Activities like antenatal care, safe delivery practices, postnatal care, immunizations, and breastfeeding are covered.
- High-risk groups for maternal and child deaths are identified such as teenage mothers, low birth weight babies, and families with poor access to health services. Efforts are needed to reduce preventable
Community midwifery aims to promote maternal and child health through antenatal, intranatal, and postnatal care. Antenatal care includes regular checkups to monitor the health of the mother and baby, identify high-risk pregnancies, provide education on nutrition and hygiene, and begin postpartum family planning. Intranatal care focuses on a clean delivery to prevent infections. Postnatal care supports breastfeeding and family planning education while checking for postpartum complications over 10 days of visits. The overall goals are a healthy mother and baby as well as promoting reproductive health.
Breast milk is specifically designed to optimise the baby's growth and development. Early initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of birth and exclusive breastfeeding for six months are important for the health of babies. However, data shows that only a small percentage of babies in India are breastfed according to these guidelines. Exclusive breastfeeding provides health benefits for both infants and mothers by reducing disease risk. While more mothers need to be made aware of the benefits of breastfeeding, supporting breastfeeding also requires a collective societal effort. Sustainable breastfeeding practices can help reduce infant and child mortality and contribute to achieving global development goals.
This document discusses maternal and child health (MCH) services which provide comprehensive healthcare for pregnant women, new mothers, and young children. The objectives of MCH include reducing mortality and morbidity for both mothers and children, regulating fertility, and promoting physical and mental growth. Maternal healthcare includes antenatal, natal (delivery), and postnatal care. Antenatal care involves regular checkups during pregnancy to monitor health and identify risks. Natal care focuses on ensuring a safe delivery. Postnatal care aims to restore the health of the mother and baby and provide education on childcare and family planning.
Lect.6 Maternal and child healthcar.pptxحسين منصور
This document provides an overview of maternal and child health (MCH). It begins by defining maternal care, pregnancy, and the number of recommended prenatal visits. It then discusses risk factors for complications during pregnancy like age, existing health conditions, lifestyle factors, and conditions of pregnancy. The objectives of MCH care are then outlined. The types of MCH services discussed are prenatal care, childbirth (delivery) care, and postnatal care. Finally, potential danger signs for both the mother and newborn are listed.
Lect.6 Maternal and child healthcar.pptxحسين منصور
This document provides an overview of maternal and child health (MCH). It begins by defining maternal care, pregnancy, and the number of recommended prenatal visits. It then discusses risk factors for complications during pregnancy like age, existing health conditions, lifestyle factors, and conditions of pregnancy. The objectives of MCH care are then outlined. The types of MCH services discussed are prenatal care, childbirth (delivery) care, and postnatal care. Finally, potential danger signs for both the mother and newborn are listed.
Care for childern ( community pharmacy)MdIrfanUddin2
1) The document discusses care for children, including immediate newborn care, breastfeeding, immunization, growth monitoring, and common childhood health problems.
2) Key aspects of newborn care discussed are warmth, feeding, and immunization within the first week. Breastfeeding is identified as the ideal food for infants.
3) Common childhood health problems mentioned include malnutrition, low birth weight, infections, behavioral issues, and teething. Malnutrition is described as the underlying cause of 50% of deaths in children under 5 globally.
Ante Natal, Intra Natal AND Post Natal Care of Asian WomenSharda University
This document provides information on maternal and child health (MCH). It begins by introducing MCH and noting that mothers and children are vulnerable groups. MCH refers to promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative healthcare for mothers and children, including maternal health, child health, family planning, and more. The objectives of MCH are to reduce mortality and morbidity in mothers, newborns, infants and children, promote reproductive health, and promote physical and psychological development of children. The document then discusses various aspects of MCH including preconceptional care, antenatal care, the maternity cycle, and health education topics for expectant mothers.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
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3. INTRODUCTION
Maternal and child health is
recognised as one of the significant
components of family welfare.
Women in child bearing age and
growing infants and children under 15
years of age together from a large
section of our society.
They are more dependent and
vulnerable members of the society they
are at high risk or mortality and morbidity.
4. It is also being observed that the deaths of
mothers and children are the major
contributors to mortality in any community in
india.
Health of mothers and children is very
important for acceptance and practice of
small family norms to stabilise population.
Maternal and child health care services are
essential and specialised services because
mothers and children have special health
needs which are not catered to by general
health care services.
5. Objectives :
Identify maternal and child development
stages and realise the importance of care
during each stage.
Defined and explain the concept of
maternal and child health.
Analyse and discuss maternal morbidity
and mortality problems and their
prevention and control.
Explain the concept of maternal health
care, describe maternal risk factors, state
the objectives and strategies of maternal
health care.
6. Explain the concept of antenatal care, state
its objectives and discuss essential services to
be rendered to all antenatal mothers.
Identified advantages and disadvantages of
home delivery and help family in making
decision for confinement.
Explain the concept of postnatal care, state
its objectives and discuss the post natal acre
which need to be given to both mother and
child.
Explain the concept and importance of child
health.
Discuss the roles and function of community
health nurse in providing MCH services.
7. MATERNAL AND CHILD
DEVELOPMENT STAGES
PREPREG
NANT
STAGE
PREGENT
STAGE
LABOUR
AND
DELIVERY
STAGES
PUERPERI
UM
STAGE
INTER
CONCEP
TION
8. MATERNAL STAGE:
PRE-PREGNANT STAGE :
This refers to all non pregnant time during the
mother’s reproductive period.
Pregnancy and child birth are natural process
but it is a time of stress for the mothers.
If the mother already has physical and
emotion problems and or if her social
environment is not supportive then she is at
great risk to develop any kind of emotional
and physical problem.
9. PREGNANT STAGE :
This stage is also known as antenatal or
prenatal period.
This period begins with the fertilization of
mature ovum by the fusion of
spermatozoa in the fallopian tube.
Within three to four days time the zygote
reaches the uterus and gets implanted in
the uterine wall the fundus by 10-11 days
of time.
10. LABOUR AND DELIVERY STAGE :
This stage is also known as intranatal period.
Full term normal delivery occurs after nine
months or 40 weeks.
The normal delivery periods is about 24 hours.
There is a need for effective and efficient
system of providing ambulance and
emergency service to handle any obstetric
emergency at home and in health centers.
11. PUERPERIUM STAGE :
This stage is also known as postnatal period.
This stage after the birth of child the
expulsion of placenta.
It lasts up to six weeks.
During this period the mother tries to
overcome the stresses of pregnancy and
labour, readjusts physiologically and
psychologically, regains her optimum
health, takes care of her child etc.
12. INTER CONCEPTION STAGE :
This period starts after six weeks of
postnatal period.
During this periods all opportunities
should be provided to the mothers by
the family and community to take
care of her own health and welfare
and that of her child.
13. CHILD DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE :
These refers to growth and
development periods from conception to
birth of a child and thereafter till five years.
EARLY FETAL PERIOD :
The first 20 weeks of pregnancy is growth
and development.
In this period, during the first 7 to 9 days
fertilization of the ovum takes place with
the union of sperms in the fallopian tubes.
The fetus from 14 days to 9 weeks is known
as embryo.
14. LATE FETAL PERIOD :
The second 20 weeks is the period of late
fetal development.
The baby born between 28-37 weeks is
called as premature baby.
The late fetal period and early neonatal
period are taken together as “PERI NATAL
PERIOD”
The risk of deaths during the perinatal
period is high in comparison to any other
age except 60 plus.
15. late fetal deaths early neonatal
(28 weeks of + deaths (first 7
gestation and days in one
peri- more) year)
natal = __________________________________
mortality live birth in the same year
In 1991,the perinatal mortality rate was 46 per
1000 live birth and in 2007,it was 37 per 1000
live and still births.
16. The main causes for perinatal mortality
are :
INTRA-UTERINE AND BIRTH ASPHYXIA
LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
BIRTH TRAUMA
INTRA UTERINE
NEONATAL INFECTION
17. DEFINITION:
According to WHO,
Maternal and child health service can
be defined as “ promoting , preventing
,therapeutic or rehabilitation facility or care
for the mother and child.”
18. Sab areas :
The components of MCH include the
following:
Maternal health
Family planning
Child health
School health
Handicapped children
Care of the children in special setting such
as day care centre.
19. COMPONENTS :
1. Improvement of maternal health.
2. Improvement of child health.
3. Family planning.
4. School health maintenance.
5. Reduction of maternal, perinatal, infant
and childhood mortality.
6. Promotion of reproductive health.
7. Promotion of physical and psychological
development.
21. • Maternity is the period of a women during
pregnancy and continues after child birth.
Care of mother :
1. Antenatal care :
Fertilization onset of true labour pain.
components of antenatal care :
I. Antenatal visit
II. Antenatal examination
III. Risk approach
IV. Prenatal advice
V. Specific health protection
VI. Mental preparation
VII. Family planning
VIII. Paediatric component
24. HIGH RISK MOTHER:
1. Elderly primi
2. Mal presentation
3. Ante partum haemorrhage
4. Pre eclampsia and eclampsia
5. Anaemia
6. Twins
7. Hydraminos
8. Previous still birth, intrauterine death
9. Elderly grand multiparas
10. Prolong pregnancy
25. 11. Pregnancy associated with general disease
(kidney disease, diabetes, TB etc.)
12. Treatment for infertility
13. Three or more spontaneous consecutive
abortion.
26. IMMUNIZATION OF ANTENATAL
PERIOD
A pregnant women must get 2 injection
of TETANUS TOXOID during the period
between 16 – 36 weeks, at 1 month
interval.
If the women is immunised earlier within
3 years of the pregnancy, then 1
booster dose will be enough.
27. IRON AND FOLIC ACID AND VITAMIN A
AND D SUPPLEMENTATION :
50 – 60 percentage of pregnant women are
anaemic due to iron and folic acid deficiency.
One tablet containing 60 mg of elemental iron
and 500 mg of folic acid three times daily after
third month of pregnancy till 3 months after
child birth if the mother is found having
anaemia.
Mother is given 1 tablet of iron and folic acid
twice a day for at least 1000 days to prevent
anaemia in mother and to promote proper
growth of fetus.
28. DIET DURING PREGNANCY :
On an average, a normal healthy women
gains about 12 kg of weight gain is about
6.5 kg.
A pregnant women required 2300 -2500
calories per day.
DAILY NUTRITION REQUIREMENT OF
PREGNANT WOMEN :
29. NUTRIENTS REQUIREMENT EXTRA
CALORIES 2500 CAL 300 CAL
PROTEINS 60 GMS 10 GM
FATS 50 GMS NIL
CARBOHYDRATES 460 GMS 65 GM
FOLIC ACID 150 – 300 MG 50 – 200 MG
IRON 40 MG 20 MG
30. INTRANATAL CARE :
CONCEPTS :
o Natal care refers to care during
confinement/delivery/birth of a child.
o About 1 percent of deliveries tends to be
abnormal and another 4 percent tend to
be difficult.
31. OBJECTIVES :
To prevent infection.
To prevent injury to both mother and
baby.
To detect and deal with any
complications.
To resuscitate the baby and to provide
immediate care to baby.
32. PROCEDURES :
1. Clean hands of attendant.
2. Clean surface.
3. Clean equipment.
4. Skilled birth attendant.
5. Readiness to deal complication.
6. Specific care of new-born.
33. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
HOME DELIVERY :
Advantages :
o The mother is in her natural environment,
feels secure. she is less worried about other
family members, especially her children.
o The risk of cross infection is very less in
comparison to hospital delivery.
o The mother and family is relieved of hospital
tension.
34. Disadvantages :
o Lack of medical and nursing supervision.
o Delays in handling emergencies.
o Difficulties in transportation of mother
during emergency situations.
35. POSTNATAL CARE :
CONCEPTS AND OBJECTIVES :
It refers to care which is rendered to both
mother and baby after delivery.
It starts soon after birth of baby and
continues for 6 weeks.
36. OBJECTIVES :
To restore, promote and maintain health of
mother and baby.
To promote breast feeding.
To prevent complication.
To establish good nutrition of the baby.
To prevent infection and identify and health
problem in the baby.
To motivate for planned and small family norms.
To educate mother and family on various
aspects of mother and child care.
38. Psychological :
1. Fear of ignorance.
2. insecurity for baby.
3. Support of husband.
Social :
1. Women can do is to have a baby.
2. Creating a family atmosphere.
39. IMMIDIATE CARE OF NEW BORN :
To establish and maintain breathing of the
baby.
To maintain body temperature.
To prevent infections.
To detect any congenital abnormality.
1. Clearing of airway.
2. Maintenance of body temperature.
3. Care of the eyes.
The care of the eyes include, wiping of
each eye from inside to out side with boiled
cooled swabs , one for each eye as the child is
born before he opens the eyes.
40. 4. Care of the umbilical cord :
The mother and family members special
instruction not to apply anything e.g. any oil,
or cow dung on the cord.
The cord dries, shrinks and falls off within 5-8
days by aseptic necrosis.
5. Apgar scoring :
It is determined by immediate observation of
the heart rate, respiration, muscles tone, reflex
response and colour of the infant.
The observation is done at 1 minute and
again at 5 minute after birth.
41.
42. 6. Care of skin :
Apply oil before giving bath to the baby.
The baby is given by the trained birth
attendant/health workers or a nurse
depending upon the situation.
The bath is given with soap and warm water to
remove the meconium and blood clots.
In winter the repeat bath can be postponed
by 2-3 days.
7. Breast feeding :
Breast feeding helps in mother child bonding
and in establishing feeding.
The baby should be feed on demand.
43. 8. Under five clinic :
Care in
illness
Growth
monitor
ing
Family
plannin
g
Prevent
ive
care
44. Postnatal visits and care :
1st visit : within 24 hrs.
2nd visit : 5th or 6th day.
3rd visit : 10th day.
4th visit : 2nd to 4th week.
5th visit : 6th to 8th week.
46. Child age period :
Infant : up to 1 year
1. Neonatal period ( first 28 day life)
2. Post neonatal period (28th – 1 year)
Preschool age : 1 – 4 year
School age : 5 – 14 year
47. Neonatal care and objectives :
1. Establishment and maintenance of
cardiorespiratory function.
2. Maintenance of body temperature.
3. Avoidance of infection.
4. Establishment of satisfactory feeding
regimen.
5. Early detection and treatment of
congenital and acquired disorders
especially infections.
48. Key elements in child survival
programme :
G : Growth monitoring
O : Oral rehydration
B : Breast feeding
I : Immunization
F : Female education
F : Food supplementation
F : Family planning
50. High risk babies :
1. Birth weight less than 2.5 kg.
2. Twins.
3. Birth order 5 or more.
4. Artificial feeding.
5. Weight below 70% of the expected weight.
6. Children with PEM, diarrhoea.
7. Working mother /single parents.
8. Failure of gaining weight during 3
successive months.
51. Assessing the neonate ( Low birth weight
babies )
LBW : Below 2500 grams.
PRETERM : Mostly born before week 38
Small for date neonates
52. Growth of child :
Growth of the child refers to increase in size
of the body which is measured in terms of
body weight, height, head, arm and chest
circumference.
These measure are called
“ANTHROPOMETRIC” measurements.
54. Activity :
Complete health check-up and care of the
child and mothers from conception to birth.
Studying health problems of mothers and
children.
Providing health education to parents for
taking care of children.
Training to professional and assistant workers.
55. Need for MCH programme :
1. Mother and child below the age of 15 years
make up the majority of population in almost
countries.
2. Mother and children constitute a ‘special risk’ or
vulnerable group in the case of illness deaths, in
the terms of pregnancy , child birth of mother
and growth and development in the case of
children.
3. By improving the health of mother and children
we can improve the health of the family and
community.
4. Ensuring child survival is a future investment for
the family and community.
56. Indicator :
1. Maternal mortality rate below 1 (for every
1000 live births)
2. Infants mortality rate below 30 (for every
1000 live births)
3. Death rate of 1-4 year old age group
below 10
4. Size of family 2-3 membrane
5. Perinatal mortality rate 30-35
6. Weight of minimum 90% of total children
according to height / weight chart.
57. Recent trends :
A. Integration of care :
Earlier maternal and child health care services
were divided into antenatal, child care and
family planning.
B. Risk approach :
This new thought was born from the lack of
resources and their availability.
C. Man power changes :
According to new concept, maternal and
child health, service should be left to
traditional health workers rather than
58. specialist of field and child volunteers and
workers of NGOs.
D. Primary health care :
It makes available information about
protection and protection and resources for
mother and child health care.
E. Reproductive and child health :
As per the decision taken in world women
conference, maternal and child health
services have been included in
reproductive and child health services.
59. Organization activities of MCH
services :
Complete health check-up and care of the
child and mother from conception to birth.
Styding the health problem of mothers and
child.
Providing health education to parents for
taking care of children.
Training to professionals and assistant
workers.
60. Responsibility of community
health nurse in MCH services :
1. Direct care :
• Antenatal care
• Intranatal care
• Postnatal care
• Neonatal care
• Home visits
• Antenatal check up
• Anatomy, physiology and psychology of
pregnancy
61. • Diet during pregnancy
• Plans of delivery
• Neonatal care
• Family planning
2. Managerial function :
• Playing the role of liaison officer under
referral system, for sending the mother to
hospital for safe delivery.
• Taking part in community activities.
• Explaining the importance of reproductive
and child health in community.
• Organizing and managing maternal clinics.
62. • Coordinating between the doctor, family
and patients.
• Storing and maintaining the records of
maternal and child health services.
• Assisting the research work in the field of
maternal and child health services.
3. Educational functions :
• Provide health education to mother and
family either individually or in the group.
• Community health nurse has a multifaceted
role in maternal services.
• It is only through proper discharge maternal
and infant mortality can be reduced to
targeted rate.