NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

2. Non-communicable
Diseases are
diseases that cannot
be transmitted from
one person to
another.

3. These diseases are not
caused by pathogens or
disease-causing
organisms such as
bacteria or viruses.

4. It is caused by how
people live
(lifestyle), by the
conditions which
they are born
(hereditary or
congenital),

5. Or by the
hazards around
them
(environment).

6. It also includes
diseases caused by the
breakdown of the body
tissues (degenerative
diseases), poor diet,
occupational hazards,
stress and tension.

7. Common Non-
communicable Diseases
1. Allergy – is a misguided
reaction to foreign
substances by the immune
system.

8. These foreign substances
that trigger allergy are
called allergen. It includes
pollens, dust, mite, molds,
dander, drugs and certain
foods.

9. People prone to allergies
are said to be allergic.

10. A. Hay Fever (Allergic
Rhinitis)
- is the most common
allergy.
- It is usually consisting of
seasonal nasal symptoms
and are caused by pollens
of plants flowering in
season.

11. Example: Flowering of
mango tree.
Signs and Symptoms:
runny nose, stuffy
nose, sneezing, nasal
itching, itchy ears, and
throat, and post-nasal
drip (throat clearing).

12. B. Allergic Conjunctivitis
(Piskat)
- Is the inflammation of
the tissue layers
(membranes) that cover
the surface of the
eyeball and under the
surface of the eyelid.

13. Signs and Symptoms:
redness under the lids
and the eyes, watery,
itchy eyes, swelling of
the membranes.

14. C. Allergic Eczema or “til-
asan”
- Is an allergic rash that is
usually caused by skin
contact with an allergen
(commonly by til-as or
dapaw)

15. Signs and Symptoms:
itching, redness, and
or dryness of the skin,
rash on the face,
around the eyes,
elbow and behind
knees.

16. D. Hives (urticarial) or
“dupang”
- Are skin reactions
that appears as itchy
swellings and can
occur on any part of
the body.

17. Hives can be caused by
an allergic reaction, such
as to food, pollen, or
medication, but they may
also occur in non-allergic
people.

18. Signs and
Symptoms:
raised red welts
or swollen mark
and intense
itching.

19. D. Allergic shock or
(anaphylactic shock)
- Is a life threatening
reaction that can be
affect several organs at
the same time.

20. It typically occurs
when the allergen
is eaten (for
example foods) or
injected (for
example, a bee
sting).

21. Signs and symptoms: hives or
reddish discoloration of the
skin, nasal congestion,
swelling of the throat, stomach
pain, nausea, vomiting,
shortness of breath, wheezing,
and low blood pressure.

22. 2. Asthma or “hubak”
- Is a chronic lung
disorder that causes
airways or bronchus to
become inflamed and
constricted.

23. Signs and
symptoms:
shortness of
breath,
wheezing,
coughing and
chest
tightness.

24. 3. Cardiovascular
disease is the
disease of the
heart and blood
vessels.

25. A. Heart (cardio) Diseases
• Congenital Heart Disease – is an
abnormality in the heart’s
structure. This is present since
birth but may be discovered later
in life.
Example: patent ductus arteriosus or
“buslot sa kasing – kasing”.

26. • Arrhythmia – is a condition in
which the heart beats with an
irregular or abnormal rhythm.
• Myocardial Infraction (Heart
Attack) – occurs when the
heart muscle tissue dies from
lack of oxygen because of
reduced blood flow.

27. B. Vascular (blood vessel)
Diseases
• Hypertension or High
Blood Pressure – occurs
when blood pressure is
higher than normal.
• Stroke – occurs when a clot
blocks a small blood vessel
(artery) in the brain.

28. • Aneurysm – is an excessive
localized enlargement
(ballooning) of an artery
caused by a weakening of
the artery wall or high blood
pressure.
Sign and Symptoms: Chest pain,
irregular heartbeat, extreme
fatigue, difficulty in breathing.

29. 4. Cancer – is caused by
abnormal cells growing
without control. As these
abnormal cell grow, they
form in masses called
tumors.

30. Tumors can either be:
a. Benign Cancer –
masses of cells that are
not cancerous.
b. Malignant Cancer –
masses of cells that are
cancerous.

31. Cancer Treatment:
1. Surgery
2. Radiation
Therapy or
Radio Therapy
3. Drug Therapy or
Chemotherapy

32. 5. Diabetes – is a
disease that
prevents the body
from converting
food into energy.

33. 6. Arthritis refers
to the inflammation
of joints. It usually
occurs during old
age.

34. a. Rheumatoid
Arthritis –
causes pain
and swelling in
many joints
throughout the
body.

35. b. Osteoarthritis – is a
disease of older
people. It results from
the wear and tear of
joints, especially those
of hands, hips, knees,
and spine.

36. 7. Kidney or Renal
Failure – is a medical
condition in which the
kidneys fail to
adequately filter waste
products from the
blood.