This presentation aims at providing basic knowledge on music of Indonesia for non-English native students who want to enhance their reading skill. I would like to thank the Wikipedia, YouTube, Google and other websites concerned for their contribution.
3. A brief summary of the Republic of Indonesia
Official languages: Indonesian, Malay
Capital: Jakarta
Regional languages: Over 700 languages
Islands: 17,504 Currency: Indonesian rupiah
Population: 264 million (2017)
Religion: Islam, Christian, Hinduism, Buddhism
Proclamation of Indonesian Independence:
It was read on Friday 17 August 1945
2017 ASEAN population: IDN 264; PHL 104.9; VNM 95.54; THA 69;
MMR 53.39; MYS 31.62; KHM 16; LAO 6.86; SIN 5.61; TLS 1.29
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia
7. Indonesia, a Southeast Asian nation
made up of thousands of volcanic islands,
is home to hundreds of ethnic groups
speaking many different languages.
It’s known for beaches, volcanoes,
Komodo dragons and jungles sheltering
elephants, orangutans and tigers. On the
island of Java lies Indonesia's vibrant,
sprawling capital, Jakarta, and the city of
Yogyakarta, known for gamelan music
and traditional puppetry.
http://gadoutravel.com/archives/location/indonesia
8. Mount Semeru and Mount Bromo in East Java. Indonesia's
seismic and volcanic activity is among the world's highest.
Image credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#/media/File:Bromo-Semeru-Batok-Widodaren.jpg
9. Ulun Danu Beratan Temple, Bali
Image credit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_L-7MxUBGL8
10. National emblem: Garuda Pancasila
The unity of Indonesia (in Indonesian, Persatuan Indonesia)
Image credit: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Garuda_Pancasila.jpg
11. National flower: Bunga Melati Putih (Jusmine)
Image credit: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/480759328948786873/?lp=true
13. The music of Indonesia demonstrates its
cultural diversity, the local musical creativity,
as well as subsequent foreign musical
influences that shaped contemporary music
scenes of Indonesia. Nearly thousands of
Indonesian islands having its own cultural
and artistic history and character. This
results in hundreds of different forms of
music, which often accompanies by dance
and theatre.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Indonesia
15. The music of Java, Sumatra, Bali, Flores and other islands
have been documented and recorded, and research by
Indonesian and international scholars is ongoing. The
music in Indonesia predates historical records, various
Native Indonesian tribes often incorporate chants and
songs accompanied with music instruments in their rituals.
Today the contemporary music of Indonesia is popular in
the region, including neighbouring countries; Malaysia,
Singapore and Brunei.
Traditional regional music and songs of Indonesia natively
compromise of strong beat and harmony type music with
strong influence of Indian and Malay classical music. The
influence is strongly visible in the traditional popular music
genre of Dangdut.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Indonesia
17. Musical Instruments
The musical identity of Indonesia as we know it today
began as the Bronze Age culture migrated to the
Indonesian archipelago in the 2nd-3rd century BC.
Traditional music of Indonesian tribes often uses
percussion instruments, especially gendang (drums)
and gongs.
Some of them developed elaborate and distinctive
musical instruments, such as sasando string
instrument of Rote island, angklung of Sundanese
people, and the complex and sophisticated gamelan
orchestra of Java and Bali.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Indonesia
18. There are six kinds of musical instruments
in Indonesia namely;
1. Gamelan (in Java, Bali and Lombok)
2. Kepali suling (west Java)
3. Angkalung (Sundanese)
4. Kulingtang (eastern Indonesia and the Philippines)
5. Sasanno (Rote island of East Nusa Tenggara)
6. Tapanuli ogong (Tapanuli area of North Sumatra)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Indonesia
19. 1. Gamelan
The most popular and famous form of
Indonesian music is probably gamelan, an
ensemble of tuned percussion instruments
that include metallophones, drums, gongs
and spike fiddles (rebab) along with bamboo
flutes. Similar ensembles are prevalent
throughout Indonesia and Malaysia, however
gamelan is originated from Java, Bali, and
Lombok.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Indonesia
21. Metallophones is any musical instrument consisting of tuned metal bars
which are struck to make sound, usually with a mallet. Metallophones
have been used in music in Asia for thousands of years. There are several
different types used in Balinese and Javanese gamelan ensembles,
including the gendér, gangsa and saron.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Indonesia
22. Saron barung plays the basic or skeletal melody of the
music—the balungan. This basic melody is an abstraction
of the melody played by the elaborating instruments.
Usually the notation for any piece of music will be limited
to the part played by the saron instruments.
http://collections.nmmusd.org/Gamelan/9903/SaronBarung9903.html
Image credit: http://collections.nmmusd.org/Gamelan/9903/SaronBarung9903.html
23. View this musical instrument from YouTube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiDuwlowHxE
24. The bonang barung is both an elaborating, as well as a
leading instruments. Similar to the rebab and gender barung,
the bonang barung can play the buka or introduction to a
piece of music. As in the case of the buka rebab and gender,
players are expected to know the introduction and be able to
follow without being told in advance what piece will be played.
Image credit: http://collections.nmmusd.org/Gamelan/9873/9873gamelanbonangbarungportraitwithoutmalletsLG.jpg
http://collections.nmmusd.org/Gamelan/9873/BonangBarung9873.html
25. View this musical instrument from YouTube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fyvw2hh_LTM
26. Kendang, Kendhang or Gendang, an instrument in the Central
Javanese gamelan is one of the main functions set the rhythm.
Image credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kendang#/media/File:SambaSunda_Quintett_in_Cologne_(0253).jpg
27. View this musical instrument from YouTube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h7BjIBc5uTo
28. The gong ageng (or gong gedhe in Ngoko Javanese, means large
gong) is a musical instrument. It is the largest of the bronze gongs
in the Javanese and Balinese gamelan orchestra and the only large
gong that is called gong in Javanese.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gong_ageng
Image credit:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gong_ageng#/media/File:Traditional_indonesian_instruments04.jpg
29. View this musical instrument from YouTube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGiYa7juc7A
30. Spike fiddles [Rebab]: These instruments are also known as
spike lutes. These instruments are made of a resonator and
string bearer that are physically united, with strings in parallel
to the sound table and a handle which is also the string bearer
and which passes diametrically through the resonator.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_musical_instruments_by_Hornbostel%E2%80%93Sachs_number:_321.31
Image credit: http://www.artichokeguitars.com/published/our_collection/dat/folk_fiddle_spike_front_b.jpg
31. View this musical instrument from YouTube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-e0_qTc85QI
32. A suling or Seruling is a Southeast Asian bamboo ring
flute especially in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the
Philippines and Singapore. It is used in gamelan
ensembles.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suling
Image credit: https://terrapintrading.co.uk/product/fair-trade-bamboo-indonesian-balinese-seruling-flute-ethnic-recorder-bali/
33. The Gamelan Kotekan is a style of playing fast
interlocking parts in most varieties of Balinese
Gamelan music, including Gamelan gong kebyar,
Gamelan angklung, Gamelan jegog and others.
Kotekan are "sophisticated interlocking parts,"
"characteristic of gong kebyar and several other
Balinese gamelan styles, that combine to create
the illusion of a single melodic line that often
sounds faster than any single human could
possibly play."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotekan
34. View this musical instrument from YouTube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kfe3DudhY4w
35. 2. Kacapi suling is a form of Sundanese music from West Java. It is
essentially tembang Sunda minus vocals, and also at interludes between
songs at a typical Tembang Sunda performance. The higher pitched
kacapi rincik, the lower pitched kacapi indung and the suling flute are
the instruments used for kacapi suling.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kacapi_suling
Image credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kacapi_suling#/media/File:Kacapi-suling-full.jpg
36. View this musical instrument from YouTube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EO3eLomcDWQ
37. 3. Angklung is an Indonesian musical instrument consisting of two to four
bamboo tubes suspended in a bamboo frame, bound with rattan cords. The
tubes are carefully whittled and cut by a master craftsperson to produce
certain notes when the bamboo frame is shaken or tapped. Each Angklung
produces a single note or chord, so several players must collaborate in
order to play melodies. Traditional Angklungs use the pentatonic scale, but
in 1938 musician Daeng Soetigna introduced Angklungs using the diatonic
scale; these are known as angklung padaeng.
https://www.topindonesiaholidays.com/blog/?p=2292
Image credit: https://www.topindonesiaholidays.com/blog/?p=2292
38. View this musical instrument from YouTube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mh2S6L78IVc
39. 4. Kulintang is a modern term for an ancient instrumental form of
music composed on a row of small, horizontally laid gongs that function
melodically, accompanied by larger, suspended gongs and drums. As
part of the larger gong-chime culture of Southeast Asia, kulintang music
ensembles have been playing for many centuries in regions of the
Eastern Indonesia, the Southern Philippines, Eastern Malaysia, Brunei
and Timor, Kulintang evolved from a simple native signaling tradition,
and developed into its present form with the incorporation of knobbed
gongs from Sunda.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulintang
40. View this musical instrument from YouTube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Czh1oqx0Bpw
41. 5. Sasando is a plucked string instrument native of Rote island of
East Nusa Tenggara. The parts of sasando are a bamboo cylinder
surrounded by several wedges where the strings are stretched,
surrounded by a bag-like fan of dried lontar or palmyra leaves
(Borassus flabellifer), functioned as the resonator of the instrument.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Indonesia
Image credit: http://raymond-thai.blogspot.com/2011/09/sasando.html
42. View this musical instrument from YouTube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oFHWvvyimEE
43. 6. Tapanuli ogong is a musical performance from Tapanuli
area of North Sumatra. It is a form of dance music played
with a type of lute, trumpet and flute.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Indonesia
Image credit: https://www.scoop.it/t/all-year-levels-the-arts-indonesian-contemporary-music
44. View this musical instrument from YouTube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UEWCCSuHsuQ&t=85s
45. View this musical instrument from YouTube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UXqzT3MJlNc
