This document summarizes a seminar presentation on different industrial hazards and safety measures. It discusses five main types of industrial hazards: fire and explosion, electrical, chemical, mechanical, and pharmaceutical hazards. For each hazard, it provides examples of causes and preventions. It also summarizes two research articles about chemical hazards from sodium methoxide and safety assessment of anaerobic digestion for biogas production.

1. PRESENTEDBY-
MR.DEBASHISPUROHIT
M.PHARM,2NDSEMESTER
(INDUSTRIALPHARMACY)
REGD.NO-1761617004
DATE-21/03/2018
SCHOOLOFPHARMACEUTICALSCIENCES,
SIKSHA‘O’ANUSANDHAN(DEEMEDTOBEUNIVERSITY),BHUBANESWAR
TOPIC-A SEMINAR ON DIFFERENT
INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS AND SAFETY

2. Hazard is a situation which posses a level of threat to life
,health, property or environment.
Industrial hazards is any condition produced by industries
that may cause injury or death to personnel or loss of
property.
Safety is a simple term which may be defined as freedom
from the occurrence of risk or injury.
Industrial safety means safety of workers from any danger
of industrial hazards.
INTRODUCTION [1]

3. 1-Fire and explosion hazards
2-Electrical hazards
3-Chemical hazards
4-Mechanical hazards
5-Pharmaceutical hazards
TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS [2]

4. 1-Fire and explosion hazards

5. Electrical systems that are overloaded, resulting in hot
wiring or connections.
Combustibles near equipment that generates heat, flame,
or sparks.
Flammable liquids and aerosols.
Electrical wiring in poor condition.
Batteries.
Smoking in the factory premises by workers.
Causes

6. Don’t wear nylon cloths at work place .
Each and every section of the industry should have fire
extinguisher .
Make sure that all employees are familiar with fire
extinguisher.
Maintaining proper fire exits and proper exit signage (e.g.,
exit signs pointing to them that can function in a power
failure).
Prohibiting flammable materials in certain areas of the
facility.
Smoking is prohibited in industrial premises.
PREVENTIONS

7. 1-Fire extinguisher-Water fire extinguisher, Foam fire
extinguisher , Dry chemical powder , co2 fire
extinguisher, wet chemical fire extinguisher, metal fire
extinguisher.
2-Fire tenders-Water fire tender, co2 fire tender, Dry
chemical fire tender.
SAFETY MEASURES

8. 2-Electrical hazards

9. The improper use of machinery or apparatus.
The improper use of electrical outlets .
The improper use of electrical equipment, such as cables
and power cords .
The improper maintenance of apparatus,outlets, and
electrical equipment .
An overloaded circuit.
The improper joints of two wires.
CAUSES

10. Use extension cords only for temporary purposes.
Do not use any equipment or cords that have splices.
Do not use three-to-two prong adapters.
Don't overload outlets.
PREVENTIONS

11. Electric gadgets should be repaired only by a qualified person.
Disconnect electrical gadgets when not in use.
Never touch electrical equipment with wet hands.
Electric wires or cords, if faulty, should never be used until repaired.
 Avoid contact with energized electrical circuits.
SAFETY MEASURES

12. 3-Chemical hazards

13. Irritants are materials that can cause inflammation of the
body surface with which they come in contact.
Depressant effect upon the central nervous system,
particularly the brain.
Hepatotoxic agents can cause damage to the liver.
Nephrotoxic agents can damage the kidneys.
CAUSES

14. Train employees to follow safe handling and application
procedures for maintenance or pesticides,chemicals.
 Do not use excessive grease or lubricants on equipment.
Regularly re-evaluate all procedures to ensure they
effectively remove chemicals.
Store chemicals in designated areas away from food,
ingredients and packaging.
PREVENTIONS

15. Respirator must be used in all the gas storage
places.(specifically chemical gas).
Body should be fully covered whenever people are
interacting with hazardous chemicals.
When skin burn happens due to chemicals use alkaline
solution always instead of water.
SAFETY MEASURES

16. 4-Mechanical hazards

17. Rotating Machinery
Causes-Machinery with rotating parts can catch loose
clothing, hands or hair, potentially causing serious injuries.
Prevention- Ensure rotating shafts, belts and pulleys are
covered by guards, lids or covers.
Tools
Causes-Careless use of tools or use of tools in poor condition
can cause injuries to the hands, eyes, head and limbs.
Prevention-regularly check tools for defects or damage.
CAUSES AND PREVENTIONS

18. Magnets-
Causes-Large, powerful magnets or electromagnets can
attract other magnets or iron/nickel objects which can cause
painful pinching of fingers or hands if caught between the
two.
Prevention-Inform peoples of this hazard before such
magnets are used.
Glassware-
Causes-Any kind of glassware has the potential to break,
thus creating the risk for cuts.
Preventions-wear goggles for eye protection.use heat-
resistant glassware.clean up any broken glass immediately
and dispose of in a special waste bin.

19. Kawai, H. et al; [3] explained that Sodium and potassium
methoxides are used as an intermediary for a variety of
products in several industrial applications. For example,
current production of so called “1G-biodiesel” relies on
processing a catalytic reaction called “transesterification”.
This reaction transforms lipid resources from biomass
materials in to fatty acid methyl and ethyl esters. 1-G
biodiesel processes imply the use of methanol, caustic
potash (KOH), and caustic soda (NaOH) for which the
hazards are well characterized. The more recent introduction
of the direct catalysts CH3OK and CH3ONa may potentially
introduce new process hazards.
RESEARCHARTICLE-1

20. TABLE-1
Available Material Safety Data Sheet information on the
hazardous properties of sodium methoxide.
Auto-ignition temperature From 50 ◦C to 454 ◦C
Decomposition temperature From 50 ◦C to 126 ◦C
Reactivity with water From incompatible to violent
Reactivity with air Reacts with moist air , ignites in moist air
Flammability (fire hazard) From not flammable to highly flammable to extremely flammable
Explosive atmosphere In combination with air , upon decomposition , in combination with
metals.

21. Fig. Results of the isothermal basket tests for both CH3ONa and CH3OK
CONCLUSION-This work employes the more conventional
tests for water reactivity as an ignition source, fire and dust
explosion hazards, using isothermal basket tests and the fire
Propagation Apparatus respectively. It was found that these
chemicals can become self-reactive close to room temperature
under specific conditions and can generate explosible dust
hazards.

22. PietrangeliB et.al;[4]studied a specific methodology for
hazard identification in biotechnological processes which
has been developed, aimed at the integrated assessment of
conventional hazards and biohazards at industrial scale. The
potentialities and outcome of the methodology were tested
by its application to the anaerobic digestion of animal
manure for biogas production, which represents a
widespread bioprocess for energy production from
renewable sources.
RESEARCHARTICLE-2

24. CONCLUSION-The application of the developed checklist to
the present case study which confirmed that the anaerobic
digester with integrated gasometer is the most critical piece
of equipment, due to the hold-up of biogas (the highest in the
entire plant), and to the presence of microorganisms. The
digester is the equipment where flammable substances are
present (CH4) and where toxic substances (H2S and, to a
lesser extent, NH3) could be formed and accumulated in
particular operating conditions.

25. Subramanyam C.V.S., Thaimma J. Setty, Devi V.K,”Pharmaceutical
production and management, Vallabh Prakasan,New Delhi”.(1),393-
412,(2004).
Eckhoff R. K., Dust explosions in the process industries:identification,
assessment and control of dust hazards.(9),(2014).
Kawai, H., Kitajima T., Fuchino T.,Seki, H.,Naka, Y..”Quality
assessment support system and its use in pharmaceutical plant
operations. Computer Chem. Engg.”(59),156–163.(2013).
Pietrangeli, B., Lauri R., Bragatto A..”Safe operation of biogas plants
in Italy. Chem. Eng. Trans”.(32),199–204.(2013).
REFERENCES-