This document defines hazards and provides examples of different types of hazards. It explains that a hazard is a situation that poses a threat to life, health, property, or the environment. Hazards can be dormant, armed, or active. Examples of hazards given include chemical, noise, radiation, electrical, lighting, vibration, temperature, biological, ergonomic, and other hazards such as stress and fatigue. The effects of hazards on the body are also discussed, such as short-term acute effects and long-term chronic effects on various body systems.

1. Basic Concept of
Hazard
Jelo Hagos

2. Learning competencies
•The learners:
1. Define hazards;
2. Give examples of the types of
hazards; and
3. Explain the impact of various
hazards on different exposed elements.

3. Definition of Hazard
• A hazard is a situation that poses a
level of threat to life, health, property or
environment. Most hazards are
dormant or potential, with only a
theoretical risk of harm; however, once
a hazard becomes “active” it can create
an emergency. One key concept in
identifying a hazard is the presence of
stored energy that, when released, can
cause damage.

4. Hazardous situations

5. 3 Modes of Hazards
1. Dormant. The situation presents a
potential hazard, but no people,
property, or environment is currently
affected.
2. Armed. It refers to people, property, or
environment.
3. Active. A harmful incident involving the
hazard has actually occurred. Often this is
referred to not as an “active hazard” but
as an incident, emergency, incident, or
disaster.

6. 1. Chemical Hazards – Chemicals can
affect the skin by contact or the body
either through the digestive system or
through the lungs if air is contaminated
with chemicals, vapor, mist or dust.

7. 2. Noise Hazards – excessive noise can
disrupt concentration, interfere with
communication, and result in loss of
hearing.

8. 3. Radiation Hazards – equipment such
as radioactive trace element used in
analytical chemistry produce ionizing
radiation.

9. 3. Electrical hazards – these include the
risk of injury from all forms of electrical
energy.

10. 3. Lighting hazards – Inadequate
lighting levels are a potential safety
hazard.

11. 3. Vibration hazards – This includes
whole-body vibration and also more
localized vibration effects.

12. 3. Temperature hazards – Extremes of
cold or heat can cause problems such as
tiredness, vulnerability to infections or
reduced capacity to work.

13. 3. Biological hazards – these include
insects, bacteria, fungi, plants, worms,
animals and viruses.

14. 3. Ergonomic hazards – covers risk of injury
from manual handling procedures, incorrectly
designed desks or work stations, audio and
visual alarms, and color coding control
mechanisms.

15. 3. Other hazards – Include stress, fatigue, the
effects of shift work, and even assaults from
other people.

16. Effects on central nervous system,
lungs, digestive, digestive system,
circulatory system, skin, reproductive
system. Short term (acute) effects such
as burns, rashes, irritation, feeling
unwell, coma and death. Long term
(chronic) effects such as mutagenic
(affects cell structure), carcinogenic
(cancer), tetra genic (reproductive
effect), dermatitis of the skin, and
occupational asthma and lung damage.

17. High levels of industrial noise will
cause irritation in the short term, and
industrial deafness in the long term.

18. Personal comfort is best between
temperatures of 16 degree Celcius and
30 degree Celcius, better between 21
degree Celcius and 26 degree Celcius.
Working outside these temperature
ranges may lead to becoming chilled,
even hypothermia in the colder
temperatures, and may lead to
dehydration, cramps, heat exhaustion,
and hyperthermia in warmer
temperatures.

19. This hazard could be a projectile ,
moving object or material. The health
effect could be lacerations, bruising,
breaks, eye injuries and possibly death.

20. A typical example of this hazard is
tractor rollover. Death is usually the
result.

21. It can affect the human body in the
hand arm with white-finger or
Raynaud’s Syndrome, and the whole
body with motion sickness, giddiness,
damage to bones and audits, blood
pressure and nervous system.

22. Radiation can have serious effects. Skin
cancer, other cancers, sterility, birth
deformities, blood changes, skin burns
and eye damage are examples.

23. Activity 1: Questions to Ponder
1. Can you identify possible hazards in your
place?
2. What are the impacts of the hazards to
your health and to your performance at
work?
3. Does your community conduct
information dissemination regarding the
various hazards? What are the steps taken by
your community so as not to put their
citizens at risk?

26. Online sources
• https://www.google.com.ph/search?hl=en-
PH&authuser=0&biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=iqnzW6P5JMvpwQPwrImQBA&q=power
point+background&oq=powerpoint+background&gs_l=img.3..0l10.1811463.1815908..1816156...0.
0..0.292.2688.6j13j2......0....1..gws-wiz-img.......0i67.zZ-uA-0rf30#imgrc=F6WtTSsw_jJu6M:
• https://www.google.com.ph/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=fMr0W46iDYub8wXs
rImwBA&q=electrical+hazards+&oq=electrical+hazards+&gs_l=img.3...3091.3091..4038...0.0..0.0.0.
......0....1..gws-wiz-img.S4mUYgtWfWc#imgrc=Glu5-kPZ3Qc8fM:
• https://www.google.com.ph/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=YMn0W9u_J4OG8w
Xk2ZawAQ&q=radiation+hazards&oq=radiation+hazards&gs_l=img.3..0i67j0l9.278594.280767..281
567...0.0..0.186.1474.0j10......0....1..gws-wiz-
img.......0i7i30.CiUgIuRSPUE#imgrc=aoruLOzYwDCpTM:
• https://www.google.com.ph/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=acf0W8jOCsej8AXg4
6PQCw&q=noise+hazards&oq=noise+hazards&gs_l=img.3..0l6j0i7i30l2j0i5i30j0i24.499254.499961.
.500292...0.0..0.218.838.0j3j2......0....1..gws-wiz-img.va9CPtp59Hw#imgrc=t8u0oqVz18xw1M:
• https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=chemical+hazards&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ah
UKEwjviu68vOTeAhWDyrwKHe_XDnMQ_AUIDigB&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=Q4JEXDoRfGBArM:
• https://www.google.com.ph/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=9v_1W5uWEsXgvgSk
mYrADQ&q=incorrectly+designed+desks&oq=incorrectly+designed+desks&gs_l=img.3...35825.358
25..36438...0.0..0.157.157.0j1......0....1j2..gws-wiz-img.6wVFORIOtuU#imgrc=5IEgT9kwo4e_eM:

27. • https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=lightning+hazards&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ah
UKEwjb84Hs0uTeAhXLXbwKHfyNDvcQ_AUIDigB&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=ZisgZs7oa_XiUM:
• https://www.google.com.ph/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=1v31W8nfM4rbvASg
1KbADQ&q=aids&oq=aids&gs_l=img.3..0i67l2j0l2j0i67j0l5.81970.83744..83942...0.0..0.200.676.0j3
j1......0....1..gws-wiz-img.BLDGfixG6qQ#imgrc=rhNIXjsi2g0GYM:
• https://www.google.com.ph/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=YP31W7eqJoHrvASI4
K_4DQ&q=hepatitis&oq=hepatitis&gs_l=img.3..0l10.114044.116169..116473...0.0..0.170.1378.0j9..
....0....1..gws-wiz-img.zJmnDQTYARU#imgrc=FCktzpJSIxOJpM:
• https://www.google.com.ph/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=t_z1W8n4IsrevASc_I
fQCA&q=brucellocis&oq=brucellocis&gs_l=img.3..0i10i24.164373.167162..167496...0.0..0.199.191
1.0j11......0....1..gws-wiz-img.......0j0i67j0i10.haQm7V6fMzY#imgrc=iFyi5hHKaeVTlM:
• https://www.google.com.ph/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=aPn1W8mhD5iavQT
6oLjoDw&q=allergy+in+bird%27s+feather&oq=allergy+in+bird%27s+feather&gs_l=img.3...827569.8
34842..836113...0.0..0.1112.7593.3-1j1j2j5j1......0....1..gws-wiz-
img.......0j0i67.lqoCB25Y77g#imgrc=SqYUd8q80yBGTM:
• https://www.google.com.ph/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=IPj1W_X4HMXrvgTD
vILAAw&q=temperature++hazards&oq=temperature++hazards&gs_l=img.3..0i7i5i30l2.314961.322
175..322485...0.0..0.2275.7146.7-1j2j1......0....1..gws-wiz-img.5N7nnT53IkI#imgrc=1-
f5q03c8YuTGM:

28. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uka1HX
m8VWQ
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5CCzD-
Hfds
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SeJfbr2
cH4

29. • https://www.google.com.ph/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=rgD2W_nuCsKAvwTy
i5zQCw&q=manual+handling+procedures&oq=manual+handling+procedures&gs_l=img.3..0j0i5i30j
0i24l8.17563.17563..18027...0.0..0.155.155.0j1......0....1j2..gws-wiz-
img.9gdecY2MJZc#imgrc=cb4dwFSn3Z_kRM:
• https://www.google.com.ph/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=wQD2W_qXM8vyvg
TWwo-QCA&q=stress&oq=stress&gs_l=img.3...0.0..7...0.0..0.0.0.......0......gws-wiz-
img.sTh7WoG0yxc#imgrc=ywdNb16EfFOlvM:
• https://www.google.com.ph/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=UAH2W-
WJOYPdvgTyz7aABg&q=fatigue&oq=fatigue&gs_l=img.3..0i67l2j0j0i67j0l2j0i67j0l3.63322.65000..6
5291...0.0..0.158.995.0j7......0....1..gws-wiz-img.xzPmTYrcc2s#imgrc=ApDliirOnsJSFM:
• https://www.google.com.ph/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=xwH2W8uDEY-
QwgP25oiwBg&q=assaults+from+other+people&oq=assaults+from+other+people&gs_l=img.3...39
287.48059..48332...1.0..0.322.4485.0j22j4j1......0....1..gws-wiz-
img.......0j0i67j0i5i30j0i24j0i8i30.z28H7w-jjOU#imgrc=RZnS9--Nozza3M:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v8iQ3eiinaE
• https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=effects+of+noise+hazard