Hazardous waste is waste that poses threats to human health or the environment. It exhibits characteristics like ignitability, reactivity, corrosivity, or toxicity. Hazardous waste comes in gaseous, liquid, and solid forms. It requires special treatment and disposal methods unlike ordinary waste. There are three main ways to manage hazardous waste: waste minimization, waste treatment, and waste disposal. Waste treatment involves physical, chemical, biological, and thermal processes to reduce hazards. The predominant disposal methods for treated hazardous waste are landfilling and incineration, with landfilling requiring careful engineering to prevent groundwater contamination.

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3. DEFINATION OF THE TERM
 Hazardous waste is a waste that has substantial or potential threats to public health or
the environment.
 Characteristic hazardous wastes are materials that are known or tested to exhibit one or
more of the following hazardous traits:
 Ignitability
 Reactivity
 Corrosivity
 Toxicity
 Hazardous wastes may be found in different physical states such as gaseous, liquids, or
solids. A hazardous waste is a special type of waste because it cannot be disposed of by
common means like other by-products of our everyday lives. Depending on the physical
state of the waste, treatment and solidification processes might be required.
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4. DESCRIPTION OF CLASSIFICATION
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DESCRIPTION OF CLASSIFICATION

6. WAYS TO MANAGE HAZARDOUS WASTE
 1. Waste minimization.
 2. Waste treatment.
 3. Waste disposal
 1. Waste Minimization, Reuse/Recovery:
 The fact that reduction is better than management is a vital factor in making any strategy
at the time of commissioning of any industrial project.
 In-fact, waste reduction is a way of improving profitability and competitiveness. It not only
minimize the need of abiding by pollution control regulations that force to spend more
and more money for rather smaller increments of environmental protection but also
reduces risks associated with the generation of such wastes. Waste -reuse or recycle is
usually the step before pollution control but the economic limitations have to be taken
into account.
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7. STEPS TO BE TAKEN FOR MINIMIZATION OF WASTE
AND ITS REUSE/RECOVERY
 1. Alternative usage of waste products.
 2. Modifying production process.
 3. Altering primary source of waste generator by improving process technology and
equipment.
 4. Improving plant operations such as better house-keeping, improved material handling,
and equipment maintenance, automating process equipment, better monitoring and
improved waste tracking.
 5. Optimizing process conditions.
 6. Introducing substitute raw materials which have a lesser potential of generating haz-
ardous waste.
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8. STEPS TO BE TAKEN FOR MINIMIZATION OF WASTE
AND ITS REUSE/RECOVERY
 7. Redesigning or reformulating end products.
 8. Segregating usable wastes and waste.
 9. Segregating waste and hazardous waste.
 10. Transferring the waste to another industry that can utilize it.
 11. Reprocessing waste to recover energy or material.
 12. Recycling potential waste or portion of it to the generator site.
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9. 2. Waste Treatment:
All the waste products whether from manufacturing process or treatment facility must be
treated for the impurities hazardous to the nature to render them harmless to the
environment.
 The various treatment procedures can be classified as:
 1. Physical.
 2. Chemical.
 3. Biological.
 4. Thermal.
 Usually a combination of the techniques is employed, to developed the most cost-effective
and environmentally acceptable solution. Description of each one of the treatment
processes is not the scope of this paper and hence only an overview is given here to have
an understanding of these processes.
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10. Waste Treatment
 1. Physical Treatment:
 Physical treatment of hazardous waste includes a number of separation processes
commonly used in industry. It is of first importance where waste containing liquids and
solids are separated to reduce cost.
 2. Chemical Treatment:
 These procedures involve the use of chemical reactions with the help of various chemicals
to convert hazardous waste into less hazardous substances. The chemical treatment
produces useful by- products and some-times residual effluent that are environmentally
acceptable. Chemical reactions, either reduce the volume of the waste or convert the
wastes to a less hazardous form.
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11.  3. Biological Treatment:
 Biological treatment is an effective, efficient and cost- effective way to treat7remove
hazardous substances from wastewater through biological agents. Hazardous waste
materials are toxic to some of the microorganism. But a substance, which is toxic to one
group of organism, may act as valuable source of food for another group.
 Bio-treatment is required in ideal conditions for better growth of bio-agents and hence is a
limitation factor also. Biological systems can lower the cost of downstream processes by
reducing organic load if they are supplemented by other physical or chemical treatment
steps.
 4. Thermal Treatment:
 Components of most hazardous wastes are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogens, sulphur,
nitrogen and heavy metals. Due consideration should be given to these constituents while
applying incineration technology to the thermal destruction of hazardous waste.
 In incineration, in general, waste is destroyed or reduced to CO2, H2O and other inorganic
substances and these substances are harmless. The only limitation with this treatment
process is generation of effluent or emission which is rather secondary pollution.
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Waste Treatment

12. TYPES OF WASTE VS TREATMENT TECHNIQUES
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13. PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
PROCESSES
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14. 3. Waste Disposal:
This is an ultimate option with every industry. Depending upon the characteristics of the
wastes, two types of disposal methods can be used for hazardous wastes.
 The predominant method for hazardous wastes disposal after treatment and reuse are:
1. landfill.
2. Incineration.
 Landfill:
 Landfills are necessary because one cannot totally eliminate generation of hazardous waste and
treatment technologies produce residues.
 Landfills involve:
 1. Low permeability soil linear and/or synthetic linear to prevent seepage of leachate to underground
strata.
 2. Drainage layer for leachate collection with leak detection system.
 3. Diversion of surface run-of to avoid further pollution.
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15. Issues with secure landfills:
Landfill options are highly risky options if not taken care. There is always threat of subsurface
pollution.
 The other considerations are as follows:
 i. Only solid wastes are landfilled. Liquid wastes are solidified before being placed in a
secure landfill.
 ii. Landfill slope stability-subsidence of the cells is taken into account.
 iii. Proper segregation and tracking of wastes is necessary to know where the waste has
been placed in the compartment.
 iv. Record keeping is must.
 v. Maintenance of landfill cover integrity and monitoring of ground water.
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16. TYPES OF WASTE VS DISPOSAL TECHNIQUE
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TYPES OF WASTE S VS DISPOSAL TECHNIQUE

18. THANK YOU!
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MUHAMMAD MUBASHAR 15CE82