Hazardous waste is any waste that is dangerous or potentially harmful to human health or the environment. Toxic wastes can be liquids, solids, gases, or sludges and require special handling. The main types of hazardous waste include nuclear waste, biomedical waste, electronic waste, and chemical waste. Hazardous waste management strategies include waste minimization, treatment through neutralization, incineration, stabilization, and disposal in specially designed landfills. Treatment methods also aim to break down waste into non-toxic forms through physical, chemical, or biological processes.