Chemical waste treatment options include chemical, thermal, biological and physical processes like ion exchange, precipitation, oxidation and reduction. High-temperature incineration destroys some organic wastes. Waste is classified as corrosive, toxic, flammable or reactive. Waste management aims to correctly identify waste and prevent environmental contamination. Municipal solid waste is frequently dumped openly, harming the ecosystem through pollution and decline in flora. Landfilling remains a popular waste disposal method where waste is buried, but it allows for decomposition and storage of inert materials. Incineration burns waste at high temperatures but produces air pollution and toxic ash. Stabilization converts waste into an inert solid to allow for remote burial with low leachability.

1. Chemical Waste Management
Treatment options for hazardous waste include chemical, thermal,
biological, and physical processes. Ion exchange, precipitation,
oxidation, reduction, and neutralisation are examples of chemical
processes. High-temperature incineration is one thermal approach that
can both cleanse and destroy some organic wastes.

2. Classification of chemical waste
• Corrosive
• Toxic
• Flammable
• Reactive
Waste management are done for:
For correct identification and characterization of hazardous waste
To prevent the hazardous waste to enter in the environment

3. https://youtu.be/mRUrL5uDVNA
https://youtu.be/f9zkRa4tG-g (hazardous waste management)
https://youtu.be/eHrZi9ikmeE
https://youtu.be/_-UXFY5iNME
https://youtu.be/IlGjOpRffLc

4. Open dumping: In this technique, garbage is disposed
of in open, low-lying areas remote from the city. This
process is not eco-friendly. Sanitary landfill: This
technique involves packing and dumping the waste
everyday at the location, then covering it with earth to
keep rodents and insects out of the landfill. Municipal
Solid Waste is most frequently dumped openly.
Municipal solid waste disposal is most frequently and widely used in an open
dump. Due to open burning, groundwater and surface water contamination,
soil pollution, and a decline in the amount of flora, open dumps harm the
ecosystem.

5. • Incineration at sea is considered to be ocean dumping because the
emissions from the stack will deposit into the surrounding ocean waters.
The Ocean Dumping Ban Act of 1988 banned the dumping of industrial
wastes, such as those previously permitted for incineration at sea

6. • Industrial waste, agricultural runoff, pesticides, and human sewage can all
spur a HAB event. People are exposed to HAB toxins from eating
contaminated fish and shellfish. These toxins can cause dementia,
amnesia, other neurological damage, and death

7. A place where waste is dumped is referred to as a landfill site, tip,
dump, rubbish dump, garbage dump, or dumping ground. Although
the routine burying of waste with daily, landfills are the oldest and
most popular method of waste disposal.

8. • Landfilling is not regarded as the final method of disposing of solid
waste, but rather as a waste treatment process with its own inputs
and outputs. Essentially, land filling entails the uncontrolled
decomposition of biodegradable trash together with the long-term
storage of inert materials.
• •Incineration is a waste management technique that involves
combusting waste-related chemicals. Waste-to-energy facilities are
the usual name for industrial waste incineration plants. The term
"thermal treatment" refers to incinerating waste and other high-
temperature waste treatment methods.

10. Incineration
It is a type of waste disposal method in which hazardous and toxic waste
is burnt at high temperature
Liquid injection incinerator for organic solvent
Rotary kiln incinerator for solid organic compound
Energy Recovery: The steam generated in incineration process is
converted in to electrical energy or used for heating buildings

11. Concern about Incineration
Process
Advantages:
Integrated solution to waste management
Conservation of fossil fuels resources
Immobilization of toxic and heavy metals
Disadvantage:
Expensive
Causes air pollution
Ash contain high level of dioxin, lead, cadmium and other toxic material
which is threat for environmental contamination

12. Stabilization/Solidification
•Organic and inorganic salts are treated by converting the
hazardous waste in to an inert physically stable
mass(stabilization).
•This treated waste should have a very low leachability
sufficient to allow for remote burial
•Cement based matrix incorporating a special
adsorber/blinder combination can be made and standardized
up to industrial level in to various sizes.

13. Unknown /Unlabeled Chemical Waste
Physical Parameters:
a) State: Liquid/Solid/Gas
b) pH
c) Density
d) Boiling Point
e)Melting point
f) Solubility in polar and non polar solvent(water, alcohol, acetone,
benzene, toluene, cycloheaxane and acetonitrile)

14. Unknown /Unlabeled Chemical Waste
Chemical Parameters:
a) Elemental composition
b) IR spectral analysis
c) GC/HPLC/MS analysis( for organic compound)
d) AAS/ICP

15. Side selection for disposal
An ideal disposal area is one with deep soil, free from loose
rocks,where trenches and pits can be dug easily and in which the
risk of fire is negligible. In selecting a permanent disposal site
following should be avoided:
• Location near high energy electromagnetic transmitter
• Location along established air traffic route
•Area with high water table,shallow subsurface,rock strata and
saturated clay soil.
•Try to avoid area near rivers, lakes,floodpaints,highly populated
and aquifer zones

16. Sanitary Landfills
•In sanitary landfills waste disposal is regulated and controlled
and refuse is covered with a layer of dirt and soil
•An impermeable clay or plastic lining underlies to prevent
the seepage of toxic material in to the ground water
•Layer of clay or plastic form base of landfill
•Prevents hazardous chemicals(oil,chemicals,metals etc) from
leaching in to soil
•Drainage pipes may be added to remove leachates