The Harappan civilization existed along the Indus River in modern-day Pakistan from around 4000-1000 BC. The cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were centers of this civilization and had advanced town planning with organized streets and drainage systems. Houses were built with baked bricks and arranged around a central courtyard, while public buildings included granaries and wells. The Indus Valley provided fertile land for agriculture and protection from the Himalayas, contributing to the success of the Harappan civilization.
The Indus Valley Civilization was an ancient civilization located in what is Pakistan and northwest India today, on the fertile flood plain of the Indus River and its vicinity. Evidence of religious practices in this area date back approximately to 5500 BCE. Farming settlements began around 4000 BCE and around 3000 BCE there appeared the first signs of urbanization. By 2600 BCE, dozens of towns and cities had been established, and between 2500 and 2000 BCE the Indus Valley Civilization was at its peak.
The Indus Valley Civilization was an ancient civilization located in what is Pakistan and northwest India today, on the fertile flood plain of the Indus River and its vicinity. Evidence of religious practices in this area date back approximately to 5500 BCE. Farming settlements began around 4000 BCE and around 3000 BCE there appeared the first signs of urbanization. By 2600 BCE, dozens of towns and cities had been established, and between 2500 and 2000 BCE the Indus Valley Civilization was at its peak.
The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) was a Bronze Age civilisation (3300–1300 BCE; mature period 2600–1600 BCE) mainly in the northwestern regions of the South Asia, extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India.
Along with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia it was one of three early civilisations of the Old World, and of the three, the most widespread.
It flourished in the basins of the Indus River, which flows through the length of Pakistan, and along a system of perennial, mostly monsoon-fed, rivers that once coursed in the vicinity of the seasonal Ghaggar-Hakra river in northwest India and eastern Pakistan.
This project is oriented to our syllabus so it’s a great support to the student of class 12 CBSE.
The decline of the highly developed civilization can give a way to cope up with the current problems faced by India.
Indus Valley civilization also know as harappan civilization was one of the oldest urban civilization of the world, which flourished in the fertile plains of Indus river and its tributaries.
In this file we have covered complete vedic civilization and its so understandable. we covered vedic period art& culture and completed all dimensions. origin of aryans.
Phases of Harappan Civilization; Town planning system; Important cities of Indus Valley Civilization: Harappa & Mohenjodaro; Economic life; Decline of Civilization..
The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) was a Bronze Age civilisation (3300–1300 BCE; mature period 2600–1600 BCE) mainly in the northwestern regions of the South Asia, extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India.
Along with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia it was one of three early civilisations of the Old World, and of the three, the most widespread.
It flourished in the basins of the Indus River, which flows through the length of Pakistan, and along a system of perennial, mostly monsoon-fed, rivers that once coursed in the vicinity of the seasonal Ghaggar-Hakra river in northwest India and eastern Pakistan.
This project is oriented to our syllabus so it’s a great support to the student of class 12 CBSE.
The decline of the highly developed civilization can give a way to cope up with the current problems faced by India.
Indus Valley civilization also know as harappan civilization was one of the oldest urban civilization of the world, which flourished in the fertile plains of Indus river and its tributaries.
In this file we have covered complete vedic civilization and its so understandable. we covered vedic period art& culture and completed all dimensions. origin of aryans.
Phases of Harappan Civilization; Town planning system; Important cities of Indus Valley Civilization: Harappa & Mohenjodaro; Economic life; Decline of Civilization..
Contains basic knowledge about The Indus Valley Civilization, Mohen-Jo-Daro, Harappa, Art, Culture, Living, Sanitation, Proper Architecture. Hope you like it .
Settlement features of indus valley civilisationprince goyal
Division of Settlement
Introduction to Indus Valley Civilization
Division Of Harappan Civilization
Town Planning Features of Harappans
Layout Of Harappan City
The Citadels
The Lower Town
The Great Bath
Granaries
The Drainage System
Harappan Wells
Courtyards
Streets
Nature of Harappan Cities
Typical and atypical aspects of the civilisation
Bibliography
Settlement features of indus valley civilisationprince goyal
Division of Settlement
Introduction to Indus Valley Civilization
Division Of Harappan Civilization
Town Planning Features of Harappans
Layout Of Harappan City
The Citadels
The Lower Town
The Great Bath
Granaries
The Drainage System
Harappan Wells
Courtyards
Streets
Nature of Harappan Cities
Typical and atypical aspects of the civilisation
Bibliography
Indus valley civilisation | Detail Analysis | Early civilisation MDZAFARHASIB
Here you will learn about the Indus valley civilisation in a very lucid language which will help you to get the details of this civilisation .
*** want video on this topic click below
(PART - 1)
https://youtu.be/TS8VYGpMmtU
(PART -2 )
https://youtu.be/MNS3Ly7_0Wg
the different causes of the pollution, including that from the construction industry, environmental impacts on human health, plants, animals and materials, monitoring and control measures, Laws or Acts governing the issue – Indian and Internation
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@Pi_vendor_247
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#pinetwork
2. The Harappan culture existed along the Indus River in
what is present day Pakistan. This Indus Valley
“civilization” flourished around
4000-1000 B.C.
About Harappan civilization
It was named after the city
of Harappa. Harappa and
the city of Mohenjo-Daro
were important centers of
the Indus valley civilization.
REGION
3. It was discovered by
numerous scientists and
archaeologists in 1921.
Alexander Cunningham, the
director general of the
Archaeological Survey in
India(ASI), visited the
Harappan ruins to look at the
Buddhist remains along with
the next director of the ASI,
John Marshall
ALEXANDER CUNNINGHAM
4. The Indus Valley is on the
border between India Pakistan
and Afghanistan.The main city
may have been Mohenjo-Daro
but it could have been
HarappaTo the West of Mohenjo-
Daro are the Highlands. North
East of Mohenjo Daro are the
Himalayan mountains.
5. Scientists set up an
excavation to investigate the
mysterious ancient ruins.
The dig began in 1920 led
by archaeologist Rai
Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni.
DAYA RAM
SAHNI
TOWN
7. Because of the Indus River which
flows through the valley. It over-
flowed every year leaving soil
perfect for growing crops in. It
could of also been used for
transport and food such as fish.
The Indus Valley was also well
protected by the Himalayan
Mountain Range.
Why did the Harappans decide to live in the Indus Valley?
INDUS VALLEY
8. A citadel is the core fortified area of
a town or city. It may be
a fortress, castle, or fortified center.
The term is a diminutive of "city"
and thus means "little city", so
called because it is a smaller part of
the city of which it is the defensive
core.
CITADEL
CITADEL
10. Streets
There is a road, which runs through
the city, where carts ran down to
transport goods. These where pulled
by camels, oxen and elephants,
which where also used to travel on.
HARRAPAN STREETS
11. BUILDINGS
The Indus tribe lived in houses just
like today. They where built from
bricks and cement and must have
been very strong because lots of
these buildings are still standing
today.
IMAGINED TOWN BULIDINGS
12. They had a very complex city
structure with one to two floors,
to each building, yet there has
been no evidence that the tribe
had doors separating any of the
rooms.
HARRAPA BUILDINGS
13. The great bath was a special place
in the Indus Valley. It was used for
baptizing babies. Like the drains,
the bricks were clay to make it
waterproof so none of the water
could escape. The only way the
water could escape was through a
special system where, if they
wanted to, they can let the water
out if it got to dirty and then they
could fill it up again
Great Bath
14. This is the plug of the
great bath.
It also has a plug hole which was used for
totally emptying out the bath.The bath is
made from tightly fitted bricks which had
tar on the inside of the bath. The tar was
used as a water proof layer so the people
could bath. Archaeologists aren’t sure how
they filled it up but they found a well near
by.
The bath was 12 metres long and 7 metres
wide.
15. There is evidence of very sophisticated
drainage systems in the cities of the
Indus Civilisation. The drainage
systems were so big that a human
would have been able to walk through
the middle of one. This was really
helpful because if the drain was
blocked, the drain could be easily
accessed.
The Drainage system
16. They were also very clever because
they used cement and clay bricks to
make the drains, which always sloped
downhill. There is evidence which shows
lots of small footprints in the bricks.
This may indicate that children helped
to make the bricks.
This drain is about 5 meters deep
17. Town Planning
The Town Planning System of
Indus Valley Civilization
(Harappan Civilization) was
city based. The excellent
drainage and sanitation
systems are remarkable.The
Indus civilization flourished
around cities..
Town plan
18. The ruins of the cities, so far
unearthed, show remarkable
town planning, and excellent
system of drainage and
sanitation of the Indus Valley
Civilization.
INDUS CIVILIZATION
19. The city was the heart of the civilization. The life in
the Indus cities gives the impression of “a democratic
bourgeois economy” like that of ancient Crete
PLANNING
[house]
20. The "granary" of Harappa is
found on Mound F.
It is a brick structure that was
built on a massive brick
foundation over 45 meters
north-south and 45 meters
east-west.
Granary
21. Two rows of six rooms that appear
to be foundations are arranged
along a central passageway that is
about 7 meters wide and partly
paved with baked bricks.
Each room measures 15.2 by 6.1
meters and has three sleeper walls
with air space between them.
Granary
22. A large public well and
public bathing platforms
were found in the southern
part of Mound AB at
Harappa.
GREAT WELLS
23. These public bathing areas
may also have been used for
washing clothes as is
common in many traditional
cities in Pakistan and India
today.
HARAPPAN WELLS
24. It is often said that the ancient
Indus people invented latrines.
Mark Kenoyer writes "Many
urban dwellers may have walked
outside the city wall to the
nearby fields to relive
themselves, as is commonly
done today throughout much of
Asia. But current excavations at
Harappa are finding what appear
to be latrines in almost every
house.
HARRAPA
LATRINES
25. HOUSE PLANNINGVarying types of houses and
buildings are found in both large and
small settlements. Rural areas tend
to have exclusively mud brick
buildings whereas urban areas have
buildings partially or wholly made of
baked bricks. Houses range from 1-2
stories in height, with a central
courtyard around which the rooms
are arranged. Average thickness of
walls was 70cm and average ceiling
height about 3 meters.
PLAN STRUCTURE
26. Stairs led to the upper stories through a side room or the
courtyard and the size of foundations has shown that a
third floor might also have existed at one point.
STEPS
{STAIRCASE}
27. The bathrooms itself were usually a
small square or rectangular room with a
carefully-laid brick pavement sloping
towards one corner. In this corner was
the outlet for the water, which, in some
cases also ran through the latrine. In
some cases the brick floors of the
bathrooms had been polished by the
friction of bare feet, while in others they
show a deep red deposit.
28. Indus valley civilization is the dream of today but shown
yesterday. It is that civilization which laid the foundation of
our culture. Town planning was marvelous. Drainage system
was covered so that there is no pollution. There was food
storage system from which all the people were benefited. They
worship nature which is the need of today….women were
educated. Administration was proper. So, we can say that it is
dream of todays -
• ------------------------------------------------------ Conclusion