Hands On: Linux survival skills
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This document provides an introduction to basic Linux skills for beginners. It covers: 1. An overview of the presenter's background and credentials in data science and Linux. 2. An outline of the course objectives which are to learn basic navigation and commands in Linux, not to become experts, in order to facilitate working with big data systems. 3. A brief history of Linux and overview of popular Linux distributions such as Ubuntu, Red Hat, and CentOS along with recommendations to avoid GUIs and focus on the shell.
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Hands On: Linux survival skills
- 1. Linux Survival Skills Bob Wakefield Principal bob@MassStreet.net Twitter: @MassStreet
- 2. Who is Mass Street? •Boutique data consultancy •Hortonworks Partner •Big data training
- 3. Bob’s Background • IT professional 16 years • Background is mostly Windows tech • Education • BS Business Admin (MIS) from KState • MBA (finance concentration) from KU • Coursework in Mathematics at Washburn • Graduate certificate data science from Rockhurst •Addicted to everything data
- 4. Administration •The history of the group •Day of the week will rotate between Tues, Wed and Thurs •Weekends for larger topics •Location?
- 5. This evening’s objectives •NOT to become masters of the Linux OS •Just be able to move around in Linux •Linux is the gateway drug to big data
- 6. Where Can I Get More Info? • Udemy! •Linux for Beginners by Jason Cannon •Whole series on Linux •Stack Overflow (surprisingly)
- 7. Linux: A quick history • Created by Linus Tovalds et al and released to the wild in 1991. v1 released in 1994. •Not mini Unix! •Linux 2002 = yuck •Linux 2015 = pretty awesome
- 8. The Many Flavors of Linux • There are many Linux distros and each one is a little (or a lot) different. • DistroWatch.com • Popular Distros • Ubuntu = Linux for the “home” • Red Hat (RHEL) = Linux “pro” • CentOS = Free RHEL • Hadoop distros run on RHEL and CentOS (and Windows but meh) • Just say no to GUIs!
- 9. Getting Your VM Set Up
- 10. Package Managers •Ubuntu = apt-git •CentOS = yum
- 11. Let’s update and install some software •Yum update •Yum install nano
- 12. Linux Shell Basics •[user@server current directory] $|= •$ = normal user •= = super user •Up and down arrows will show command history •No recycle bin! Changes are permanent.
- 13. Linux Shell Basics •~ = this accounts home directory •/ = root
- 14. Directory Structure • / = “Root,” the top of the file system hierarchy. • /bin = Binaries and other executable programs. • /etc = System configuration files. • /home = User Home directories (like Windows documents) • /opt = Optional or third party software. • /tmp = Temporary space, typically cleared on reboot. • /usr = User related programs. • /var = Variable data, most notably log files.
- 15. Useful Linux Commands • ls - Lists directory contents. • cd - Changes the current directory. • pwd - Displays the present working directory. • man - Displays the online manual. • exit/logout/ ctrl-d - Exits the shell or your current session. • clear - Clears the screen.
- 16. Useful Linux Commands • ls - Lists directory contents. • Ls – l – long listing • cd - Changes the current directory. • pwd - Displays the present working directory. • man - Displays the online manual. • exit/logout/ ctrl-d - Exits the shell or your current session. • clear - Clears the screen.
- 17. Navigation • Cd (nothing) = go home • CD . = this directory • CD .. = parent directory • CD - = previous directory • CD /bob = change to the bob directory
- 18. File Operations •Shhhh! I don’t use these. •So why are we learning them? •A lot of HDFS commands are the same as linux commands •You cannot interact with HDFS using WinSCP or another FTP program
- 19. File Operations • mkdir directory = Create a directory • rm file = Remove (delete) file • rm -r directory = Remove the directory and its contents • recursively • rm -f file = Force removal of file without prompting for • confirmation • rm -rf directory = Forcefully remove directory recursively • mv file1 file2 = Rename or move file1 to file2 . If file2 is an existing directory, move file1 into directory file2
- 20. File Permissions • Page 5 of cheat sheet • Permissions • R = read • W = write • X execute • Permission Categories • U = user that owns the file • G = the users in that group • O = other not the user and current user is not in group
- 21. File Permissions Decrypted •rw-r--rwx •User/Group/Other •User has read write •Group has read only •Other has read write execute
- 22. Changing Permissions •We’re going to learn the easy way. •Covert symbolic to base 10 • Three categories UGO • Three positions rwx • rwx in binary = 111 (rw- = 110) • 111 in base 10 = 7 (4 + 2 + 1) (110 = 6) •rwxrwxrwx = 777 (don’t try this at home) •Chmod 777 filename
- 23. Things We Didn’t Tackle •Finding files •Gzip (compression) •Tar (archive) •SCP (secure copy over network) •Wget (download file from web) •Sudo (act as a user) •Ssh (connect securely to another machine)
- 24. On Your Own