The document discusses different methods of stabilizing satellites, including: 1) Spin stabilization, where the entire satellite spins like a top around its vertical axis to maintain its orientation in space in a simple manner. 2) Three-axis stabilization uses small spinning wheels called reaction or momentum wheels along three axes (pitch, roll, and yaw) for attitude control. 3) Optical sensors and an electronic control system determine when attitude adjustments are needed, firing thrusters to provide stabilization.

1. GYROSCOPIC
STABILISATION
BY
GOPINATH

2. SATELLITE IN SOLAR SYSTEM

3. SIMPLE GYROSCOPE
 A device consisting of a wheel or disc mounted
so that it can spin rapidly about an axis
which is itself free to alter in direction.
 The orientation of the axis is not affected by
tilting of the mounting, so gyroscopes can be
used to provide stability or maintain a reference
direction in navigation systems, automatic
pilots, and stabilizers.

4. SATELLITE STABILISATION BY GYROSCOPE
WITH SPIN STABILISATION
With spin stabilization, the entire spacecraft rotates around its
own vertical axis, spinning like a top. This keeps the
spacecraft's orientation in space under control.

5. ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGES
 The advantage of spin stabilization is that it is a very
simple way to keep the spacecraft pointed in a certain
direction . The spinning spacecraft resists perturbing
forces, which tend to be small in space, just like a
gyroscope or a top.
 The spinning causes a gyroscopic or flywheel effect
that keeps the satellite spin action is north south
direction.
 The spin stabilization has the disadvantage that it
requires the use of a de-spun antenna, so that the
antennas mounted are constantly directed towards the
earth.

6. Advancement in stabilization
With three axis stabilization
satellites have small spinning wheels, called reaction wheels or
momentum wheels, The three axis stabilization as the name suggest use
three axis called as pitch, roll and yaw to achieve attitude control.
Yaw axis: Directed towards the earth’s centre.
Pitch axis: Normal to the orbital plane.
Roll axis: Tangent to the orbit.

7. In this technique, four heavy flywheels one for each axis is put into motion to
provide gyroscopic effect to stabilize satellite.
These optical sensors operate on an electronic control system that determines when
attitude control is needed
which then fires thrusters for the same purpose when needed. that rotate so as to
keep the satellite in the desired orientation in relation to the Earth and the Sun
Optical sensor controlling

8. Simple demonstration

9. THANK YOU