The document discusses altitude and orbit control for satellites. It describes how altitude and orbit control subsystems use rocket motors to place satellites into the correct orbit when deviated and help antennas point toward Earth. It then explains satellite orbits around Earth and different methods for controlling altitude like thrusters and magnetic torquers. Finally, it discusses challenges, benefits, real-world applications, and future trends of altitude and orbit control technology.

1. Altitude And Orbit Control
Mrs.M.Vaishnavi

2. Introduction
Altitude and Orbit Control (AOC) subsystem consists of rocket motors,
which are capable of placing the satellite into the right orbit,
whenever it is deviated from the respective orbit. AOC subsystem is
helpful in order to make the antennas, which are of narrow beam type
points towards earth.

3. Satellite Orbits Overview
● Satellites undergo an elliptical orbit around the Earth. The shape
and size of ellipse can be defined by
● i) eccentricity ( e ): degree of perturbation from the perfect circle
● ii) the semi-major angle ( a ): the half distance between the perigee
and apogee in the ellipse.

4. Altitude Control and Orbit Control
The Attitude and Orbit Control System provides three-axis stabilized
Earth-pointing attitude control during all mission modes and
measures spacecraft rates and orbital position.

5. Altitude Control Methods
● Thrusters
● Magnetic Torquers
● Gravity Gradient Stabilization

6. Orbit Control Methods
● Propellant-Based Maneuvers
● Electric Propulsion
● Reaction Wheels

7. Challenges in Altitude and Orbit Control
● Fuel consumption
● Space debris
● Environmental factors

8. Benefits of Altitude and Orbit Control
The Attitude and Orbit Control System provides three-axis stabilized
Earth-pointing attitude control during all mission modes and
measures spacecraft rates and orbital position.

9. Real-World Applications
● Earth observation
● Global positioning systems (GPS)
● Satellite TV and internet

10. Future Trends
● The 'Satellite Attitude and Orbit Control System Market' continues to
adapt to shifting consumer demands and corporate needs, thus the
forecast is still positive.
● The market is expected to experience significant expansion
between 2023 and 2030 with increased investment and strategic
alliances.