The document summarizes events surrounding the 2000 US presidential election between Al Gore and George W. Bush. It describes how the race came down to Florida's electoral votes, the state underwent several recounts that resulted in narrow and shifting leads for both candidates, and the results were disputed. The disputes moved to the courts, with the US Supreme Court ultimately ruling to stop further recounts, making Bush the winner and president.

1. Election Night Confusion
 Democrats nominate Vice President Al Gore
 Republicans choose Texas governor George W. Bush
 Ralph Nader, Green Party, promote environment,
liberal causes

2. Election Night Confusion
 Close race: Florida electoral votes needed to win
presidency
 As votes counted, lead shifts repeatedly between
Gore, Bush
 Bush wins by narrow margin, this triggers
automatic recount

3. Dispute Rages in Florida
 Recount gives Bush narrow win
 Alleged voting irregularities in several counties
 Gore campaign requests manual recount in 4
Democratic counties

4. Review of all ballots statewide (never undertaken)
• Standard as set by each county canvassing board during their survey Gore by 171
• Fully punched chad and limited marks on optical ballots Gore by 115
• Any dimples or optical mark Gore by 107
• One corner of chad detached or optical mark Gore by 60
Review of limited sets of ballots (initiated but not completed)
• Gore request for recounts of all ballots in Broward, Miami-Dade, Palm
Beach, and Volusia counties
Bush by 225
• Florida Supreme Court of all undervotes statewide Bush by 430
• Florida Supreme Court as being implemented by the counties, some of
whom refused and some counted overvotes as well as undervotes
Bush by 493
Unofficial recount totals
• Incomplete result when the Supreme Court stayed the recount
(December 9, 2000)
Bush by 154
Certified Result (official final count)
• Recounts included from Volusia and Broward only Bush by 537
2000 Florida Election Recount

5. The Battle Moves to the Courts
 Republicans sue to stop manual recounts; court
battles begin
 Supreme Court votes to stop recounts: lack
uniform standards
 Bush gets electoral votes from Florida, wins
presidency

6. Protestors clash outside the US Supreme Court while court listens to arguments in Bush
v. Gore

7. Antiterrorist Measures
 After September 11,
antiterrorism bill passes
 Department of Homeland
Security created to combat
terrorism
 U.S.-led coalition breaks up
al-Qaeda in Afghanistan
 2004, Hamid Karzai is first
democratically elected
Afghan leader
Photo showing collision of second airplane
into World Trade Center – September 11,
2001

8. War Against Iraq
 Bush: says Iraq has weapons of
mass destruction (WMD)
 Fears Saddam Hussein will
give WMD to terrorists
 Bush calls for renewed arms
inspections; Saddam limits
cooperation
 2003, U.S., Britain oust Iraqi
regime, capture Saddam
 No WMD found
Iraqi President Saddam Hussein

9. Domestic Agenda
 Bush’s education reform plan, No Child Left Behind,
passes
 Corporate accounting scandals negatively affect weak
economy
 Congress sets up regulatory board over accounting
industry
 Congress passes Bush’s $350 billion tax cut
 Bush says will strengthen economy, create jobs
 Democrats say will mostly benefit the rich

10. President Bush promotes his No Child Left Behind Educational Reform Program