The small intestine plays a key role in digestion and absorption. It consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum receives partially digested food from the stomach along with pancreatic and bile secretions to continue digestion. The jejunum is the primary site of nutrient absorption. The ileum has more goblet cells and lymphoid tissue called Peyer's patches. Villi and crypts lined with absorptive enterocytes aid in digestion and absorption throughout the small intestine.
Histology of Gall bladder and its formation which consist of mainly 3 layers which they are:
- Mucosa
- Muscularis / Fibromuscular layer
- Serosa / Adventitia
And you must note that there is no Muscularis mucosa
& Submucosa inside Gall bladder...
Prepared by Nahry Omer Muhammad, University of Sulaimany/Collage of Medicine
The mucose membrane lining of gastrointestinal tract is stratified squamous epithelium at the esophagus which slowly convert into simple columnar epithelium at the stomach until the anus it converts back into the stratified squamous epithelium at the lower half of the anal canal. The stratified epithelium is a wear and tear epithelium.
As it passes down from the small to large intestine, goblet cells increase because as it passes down water was absorb, goblet cells function to produce mucous.
This is just a rough idea, for better slides with more reference please PM the author at davidgqf@gmail.com.
01.12.09(b): Histology - Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder Open.Michigan
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 Gastrointestinal / Liver sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
http://openmi.ch/med-m1gastro
The lymphatic system consists of organs, ducts, and nodes. It transports a watery clear fluid called LYMPH distributes immune cells and other factors throughout the body.
The small intestine or small bowel is an organ in the gastrointestinal tract where most of the absorption of nutrients from food takes place. It lies between the stomach and large intestine, and receives bile and pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct to aid in digestion. The small intestine is about 5.5 metres (18 feet) long and folds many times to fit in the abdomen. Although it is longer than the large intestine, it is called the small intestine because it is narrower in diameter.
The small intestine has three distinct regions – the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum, the shortest, is where preparation for absorption through small finger-like protrusions called villi begins.[2] The jejunum is specialized for the absorption through its lining by enterocytes: small nutrient particles which have been previously digested by enzymes in the duodenum. The main function of the ileum is to absorb vitamin B12, bile salts, and whatever products of digestion that were not absorbed by the jejunum.
12.08.08: Histology of the Urinary Tract Open.Michigan
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 Renal sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M1Renal
Histology of Gall bladder and its formation which consist of mainly 3 layers which they are:
- Mucosa
- Muscularis / Fibromuscular layer
- Serosa / Adventitia
And you must note that there is no Muscularis mucosa
& Submucosa inside Gall bladder...
Prepared by Nahry Omer Muhammad, University of Sulaimany/Collage of Medicine
The mucose membrane lining of gastrointestinal tract is stratified squamous epithelium at the esophagus which slowly convert into simple columnar epithelium at the stomach until the anus it converts back into the stratified squamous epithelium at the lower half of the anal canal. The stratified epithelium is a wear and tear epithelium.
As it passes down from the small to large intestine, goblet cells increase because as it passes down water was absorb, goblet cells function to produce mucous.
This is just a rough idea, for better slides with more reference please PM the author at davidgqf@gmail.com.
01.12.09(b): Histology - Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder Open.Michigan
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 Gastrointestinal / Liver sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
http://openmi.ch/med-m1gastro
The lymphatic system consists of organs, ducts, and nodes. It transports a watery clear fluid called LYMPH distributes immune cells and other factors throughout the body.
The small intestine or small bowel is an organ in the gastrointestinal tract where most of the absorption of nutrients from food takes place. It lies between the stomach and large intestine, and receives bile and pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct to aid in digestion. The small intestine is about 5.5 metres (18 feet) long and folds many times to fit in the abdomen. Although it is longer than the large intestine, it is called the small intestine because it is narrower in diameter.
The small intestine has three distinct regions – the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum, the shortest, is where preparation for absorption through small finger-like protrusions called villi begins.[2] The jejunum is specialized for the absorption through its lining by enterocytes: small nutrient particles which have been previously digested by enzymes in the duodenum. The main function of the ileum is to absorb vitamin B12, bile salts, and whatever products of digestion that were not absorbed by the jejunum.
12.08.08: Histology of the Urinary Tract Open.Michigan
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 Renal sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M1Renal
Digestive system
a) Anatomy and physiology of GIT
b) Anatomy and functions of accessory glands of GIT
c) Digestion and absorption
d) Disorders of GIT (definitions only)
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
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Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2. Small Intestine
• The small intestine is the site of terminal food
digestion, nutrient absorption, and endocrine
secretion.
• The processes of digestion are completed in the
small intestine, where the nutrients (products of
digestion) are absorbed by cells of the epithelial
lining.
• The small intestine is relatively long—
approximately 5 m—and consists of three
segments: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
These segments have many characteristics
6. Subdivisions of the Small Intestine
Duodenum
Attached to the stomach
Curves around the head of the pancreas
Jejunum
Attaches anteriorly to the duodenum
Ileum
Extends from jejunum to large intestine
Chemical Digestion in the Small Intestine
Source of enzymes that are mixed with chyme
Intestinal cells
Pancreas
Bile enters from the gall bladder
Slide 14.22
7. The Small Intestine
• Plays key role in digestion and absorption of nutrients
• 90% of nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine
The Duodenum
The segment of small intestine closest to stomach
25 cm (10 in.) long
―Mixing bowl‖ that receives:
• chyme from stomach (Mixture of secretions and food in the
stomach)
• digestive secretions from pancreas and liver
• To neutralize acids before they can damage the absorptive
surfaces of the small intestine
12. Intestinal Villi
• A series of fingerlike
projections:
– in mucosa of small
intestine
• Covered by simple
columnar epithelium:
– covered with microvilli
• Intestinal Glands
• Goblet cells between
columnar epithelial cells
• Eject mucins onto
intestinal surfaces
13. Duodenum - H&E
• In the epithelium lining, the
villi and crypts of the
duodenum, and note the
absence of plicae circulares.
• The tall columnar epithelium
composed of enterocytes,
goblet cells and endocrine cells
throughout the remainder of
the GIT.
• The identify of the lamina
propria, muscularis mucosae
and the "packages" of
glandular tissue (Brunner's
glands) in the connective
tissue between the muscularis
mucosae and muscularis
externa
14. • Occasionally can see
ducts of Brunner's gland
which penetrate the
muscularis mucosae and
ascend through the
lamina propria.
• Note that goblet cells are
absent from these ducts.
•
Not be able to identify
endocrine cells in the
H&E stained sections.
15. The Jejunum
• Is the middle segment of small intestine
• 2.5 meters (8.2 ft) long
• Is the location of most:
– chemical digestion
– nutrient absorption
17. Jejunum - H&E
• identify plicae circulares,
muscularis externa and villi.
• Next identify surface epithelium
(simple columnar with goblet
cells), crypts, muscularis
mucosae, submucosa and
muscularis externa.
• Crypts will probably be small,
short and narrow.
• The connection of the crypt with
the lumen of the intestine will
not always be visible in the plane
of the section.
Plicae circulares
• Transverse folds in intestinal
lining, permanent features
18.
19. •Accumulations of lymphocytes are
common in the mucosa of the GIT, and
they occur frequently in the small
intestine.
•These specialized parts of the small
intestine are called Peyer's patches
20. The Ileum
The final segment of small intestine
3.5 meters (11.48 ft) long
24. Small Int Ileum
The ileum has proportionally more goblet cells . Its proportion of goblet
cells generally increases as one progresses down the GI tract,
The ileum also displays an increase in the amount of mucosal lymphoid
tissue, which forms conspicuous clusters of lymph nodules, called
Peyer's patches.
The lymphoid tissue of Peyer's patches may bulge out toward the lumen,
displacing villi, and inward across the muscularis mucosae into the
submucosa.
The epithelium overlying this lymphoid tissue is cuboidal (rather than
columnar as on villi).
These structures, together with other more diffuse lymphoid tissue,
constitute the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues, or GALT.
For more on GALT (or, more generally, MALT for Mucosa-Associated
Lymphoid Tissues)
27. The Colon
• Mucosa with crypts (glands)
• Glands consist of absorptive cells and
mucus secreting cells
• Muscularis propria is very pronounced
• Longitudinal muscle occurs in 3 bands
(taeniae coli) rather than completely
surrounding tract.
28. Large Intestine: Microscopic Anatomy
• Colon mucosa is simple columnar epithelium except in the
anal canal
• Has numerous deep crypts lined with goblet cells
• Anal canal mucosa is stratified squamous epithelium
• Anal sinuses exude mucus and compress feces
• Superficial venous plexuses are associated with the anal
canal
• Inflammation of these veins results in itchy varicosities
called hemorrhoids
30. • Colon
• Bundles of longitudinal muscle
should be clearly visible on the
outside of the colon.
• Plicae circulares are absent from
the luminal side of the colon.
• Villi are absent and the crypts
appear deeper than the ones you
observed in the small intestine.
• Goblet cells are numerous.
• The lamina propria and muscularis
mucosae may be difficult to
distinguish.
• Note also that a thin layer of
longitudinal muscle is found
between the taenia coli on the
outside of the inner circular muscle
layer.
31. • The vermiform appendix
• is a small blind-ending diverticulum
from the cecum.
• The most important features of the
appendix is the thickening of its wall,
which is mainly due to large
accumulations of lymphoid tissue in the
lamina propria and submucosa.
• Intestinal villi are usually absent, and
crypts do not occur as frequently as in
the colon.
• There is often fatty tissue in the
submucosa.
• The muscularis externa is thinner than
in the remainder of the large intestine
and, the outer, longitudinal smooth
muscle layer of the muscularis externa
does not aggregate into taenia coli.
32.
33.
34. • Ano-rectal junction, human -
van Gieson
Identify in this or another
section which contains a
junction of two parts of the
alimentary canal
• glands are typically not visible
in "regular" stomach sections.
• Note that the tubules of the
glands branch and that they
are lined by an almost
homogenous population of
mucus-producing cells.