2. Guidance and counselling
Meaning of guidance
The process of helping individuals to understand
themselves and their world. – Shertzer & Stone (1974)
Meaning of counselling
A process that assists individuals learn about themselves,
their environment, and ways to handle their roles and
relationships. (Hansen, 1986)
3. Types of guidance services
1. Individual inventory and record service
2. Provision of information service
3. Group guidance service
4. Counselling service
5. Placement service
6. Drug abuse prevention service
7. Consultancy and referral service
8. Resource coordination service
9. Dialogue with parents service
10. Evaluation service
4. Individual inventory and record service
Maintains a guidance file for students
Collects and records particular of appraisal of students
interest
Monitors students’ attendance in class with the purpose of
identifying students for guidance
Coordinates, maintains and updates students’ records
Provides information regarding the performance and
progress of students with learning problems, for the
purpose of providing remedial education.
5. Provision of information service
Collects and disseminates information pertaining to higher
studies, carriers and training. This is done through
leaflets, guidebooks, posters, bulletins, as well as events
such as Career Day and exhibitions
Updates career information files and opportunities for
training and higher studies
Provides explanation on how to fill job application forms
6. Group guidance service
Plan and coordinates group guidance activities to promote
positive self-esteem, as well as cognitive, affective,
psychosocial, physical, sexual and religious aspects
Organize group guidance sessions on topics such as
discipline, studies and social and emotional issues
Assists students in their choice of subjects for the PMR,
SPM, and STPM examinations
7. Counselling service
Counselling service can be rendered individually or in
groups
It usually deals with matters pertaining to:
a. Poor academic performance
b. Personal matters or those pertaining to personal choice
c. Disciplinary problems such as being late for school,
smoking, quarrels and drug abuse
Family counselling – gain insight into students’ problems
and to secure cooperation from their parents
Counselling session – Teach various concepts and skills
such as self awareness
8. Placement service
Assists students in their choice of co-curricular activities
compatible with their abilities and interests
With regards to occupational placements:
a. Coordinates occupational placements
b. Assists supplying data on students
9. Drug abuse prevention service
Provides individual or group counselling- instil dislike for drug- abuse
and inhalants
Rehabilitation programms for drug users
Help former drug user to adjust to the school environment
Evaluate various drug abuse prevention programme and provide
feedback
10. Consultancy and referral service
Helps school leavers in matters like careers, further
education and personal matters.
Assist the school administration and staff to better
understand their guidance programme
Keep parents informed on children’s welfare
Synergises with the academic stuff on delivery of guidance
services in school
Plan effective monitoring of students’ progress
Set up proper procedure for referral of cases to agencies
and experts
11. Resource coordination service
Coordinate activity relating students’ welfare between
the school and outside agencies
Consultant in co-curricular activities
Co-ordinate employers, welfare agencies and
distinguished guests in the school guidance services
Plans and coordinates guidance activities
12. Dialogue with parents service
Establishes relationship with parents to monitor children’s
academic progress
Coordinates orientation activities for students and parents
Works together with parents to ensure good discipline
among students
Carries out family guidance sessions.
13. Evaluation service
Evaluate the effectiveness of the guidance programme
Appraises the usefulness of a particular guidance model
before it implementation
Organizes Peer Group Guidance Programme as well as
training programme
16. Six to eight students in one group
A few people will interact about a common issue or problem that
they have
Objectives:
• Breaking the ice between group members
• Self- acceptance
• Building skills and confidence on decision making
Group Counselling
17. Family counselling
The counsellor is directly
and indirectly involved in
consultation or parenting
and family counselling
Objective- conduct a
discussion with students’
parents to overcome and
understand students’/
clients’ issues.
Through the counsellor, the
schoolboard and parents
can monitor the students’
development and
achievement
18. Ethics of counsellor
Ethics of
counsellor
Professional
responsibilty
The
counselling
relationship
confidentiality
Assessment
and
interpretation
Research and
publication