National Philosophy of Education

1. National Philosophy of Education
Prepared by:Yusnitha Merang

3. Formulation of NPE
• The idea to formulate NPE sparked off in 1979 after the Cabinet
Report on the Review of Education Policies Implementation
• Report contained important issues related to education- stressed on
the importance of having a philosophy of education which
concentrates on human development as shown in the excerpt as
follow

4. • “Economic development is very rapid in today’s world. The same goes
for social development as well. . . As we are faced with different types
of elements both from within and without . . . Most of such elements
are good but . . . they come from outside and we are not very
comfortable with them. Therefore we face another challenge that is
human development”
(Cabinet Report 1979 226)

5. Rukunegara
• It was a government effort to promote racial unity balance and
stability amongst citizens in reaction to a racial riot (May 13 incident
in 1969)
• Basic principle
I. Believe in God
II. Loyalty to King and God
III. Upholding the Constitution
IV. Rule of Law
V. Good behavior and morality

6. The content of Rukunegara
• To achieve a greater unity of all people
• To maintain a democratic way of life
• To create a society which the wealth of the nation shall be equitably
shared
• To build a progressive society which shall be oriented to modern
science and technology

7. New Economic Policy
• The New Economic Policy were planned and carried out using two-
pronged approach
- To eradicate poverty by creating more employment opportunities
for all ( irrespective of ethnicity)
- to restructure the country’s economy thus eliminating the
identification of ethnicity with economic function
Strategies
• Improve productivity and quality of life for the poor
• Move the ratio of economic ownership of Malaysia Bumiputera

8. National Education Policy

10. National Education Philosophy
“Education in Malaysia is an on-going effort towards further developing the potential
of individuals in a holistic and integrated manner, in order to produce individuals
who are intellectually, spiritually, emotionally and physically, balanced and
harmonious, based on a firm belief in and devotion to god. Such an effort is
designed to produce Malaysian citizens who are knowledgeable and competent,
who possess high moral standards and who are responsible and capable of
achieving a high level of personal well-being to contribute to the betterment of the
nation, family and society. ”

11. Concept
• a process or activity of clarifying terms, thoughts and principles that
guide education and problem that inhibit education
• The National Philosophy of Education (NPE) is a body of concepts,
principles and values that underlining educational practices and then
rationalizes current practices.
• is based on the Five National Principles (Rukunegara)- to develop a
world-class quality education system which will realise the full
potential of the individual and fulfill the aspiration of the Malaysian
nation.

12. Objectives of NPE
• serves as an enlightenment to provide guidance to all efforts used to
develop and improve the national education
• It provides the policy and basic consideration to determine the
objectives of National Education.
• a reference to help educators to understand the national education
system and provide necessary guidance for educators to carry out
their educational duties
• provides the policy and the basic consideration to plan the school
curriculum, design learning materials and determine strategies for
teaching-learning activities.

13. • to instruct students who will be able to fulfill their duties as
responsible citizens.
• to produce progressive, skillful and efficient citizens to carry out the
duties productively and satisfactorily so as to contribute towards the
advancement and development of the country.

14. Analysis of National Philosophy of
education with reference to its
Elements

15. Elements Implications
Education is an on- going effort • Education is a process of acquiring and transferring of
knowledge
• The process start form early age till death
• Early education- to shape the personality of young children
• Upon completion of school- continue to enhance
knowledge skills character
• Continuous education will assist the individual to adapt
various type of change
Development of individual
potentials
• Every individual has been blessed with hidden talents and
potentials
• Education should offer individual opportunities to develop
their talents or potentials

16. Elements Implications
Holistic and integrated
development of the individual
• Enhancements and development should preferably
encompass every aspect
Balances and harmonic being • Importance of knowledge (intellectual)
• Good personality ( emotional)
• Belief in God and good character (spiritual)
• Good health (physical)
• Balance in all aspects will produce an individual who can
live in harmony with others
Intellectual • Possesses three basic skills (3R)
• Always strives to acquire and develop true knowledge
• Possess creative, critical an

17. Elements Implications
Spiritual • Thankful for God’s gifts
• Possess good character and upholds moral values
emotional • Matured and stable emotions
• Possess and nurtures love
• A feeling of togetherness unity
Physical • Be aware of the importance of good health
• Uses physical fitness skills for the benefit of society
Belief in God and obedience to God • Admit the existence of God and accept Him as the creator of
mankind and the universe
• Be aware that God determine nature’s law and phenomena
• Practice all the teaching of the religion