The document outlines the stages of human growth and development, categorized into infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age, with specific age ranges for each stage. It discusses key physical changes, such as growth patterns and weight changes, while highlighting the interaction between maturation and learning. The document also emphasizes the importance of monitoring developmental milestones and identifying 'red flags' when these milestones are not met.

1. Growth and Development
Stages of Growth & Development – Lesson 2
Home science
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2. Stages of
Growth and
Development
Sr. No Stages Age Span
1 Infancy Birth to 2 years
2 Childhood
Early childhood
Late childhood
2 to 12 years
2 t0 6 years
6 – 12 years
3 Adolescence 12 – 19 years
4 Adulthood
Early adulthood
Late adulthood
19 – 65 years
19 – 40 years
40 – 65 years
5 Old age /
Senior citizens
From 65 years

3. Infancy
• Birth to one year
• Period of rapid growth
• Males are usually
heavier and taller than
females at birth
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4. 4
Early Childhood
• One year to six years of age
• Gradual loss of “baby fat”
• Girls lose less fat than boys
• Rapid growth but not as rapid as infancy
• Quite flexible
• Muscle development while at play
Mid-Childhood
Six to ten years of age
Slower, more constant growth
Improved coordination and motor
functioning

5. Late Childhood – 6 to 12 years
• Increased rate of growth
• Fat deposition just prior to adolescent
growth spurt
• 9-10 years of age in girls
• 11-12 years of age in boys
Individual differences in maturation
• Development of the reproductive system
• Appearance of secondary sex characteristics
• Breasts
• Pubic Hair
Redistribution of body weight
• Boys - muscle tissue, body fat
• Girls - slight body fat
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6. Adolescence
• TTwelve to Nineteen years of age
• Following puberty
• Ends with onset of adulthood
• Obvious differences in physical growth
cease with the end of adolescence

7. Maturation &
learning
• These two interact always
• Growth in height is not learnt but a
biological process
• Speaking, walking etc depend on
maturation and learning
• Maturation refers to qualitative and
quantitative changes that occur
independent of external conditions
• Learning implies experience and
exercise

8. Physical
Development
It refers to the increase in weight and height and the
associated changes in shape and size of the child.
Weight – Aprox. birth weight – 3 kgs
• Doubles by 6 months
• Triples by one year
• At two, - child is 12 to 14 Kgs
• Growth rate thereafter is 2 Kgs / year
Height – at birth 20”
• At one year 10” more
• At two – 35”
• Growth rate thereafter is 3” – 4” / year
• Body proportion – improvement
• Temporary teeth
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9. Physical
Development
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At Age 5 child weighs
about 35 pounds and is
35-40” tall.
Girls at this age are
shorter and weigh less
than the boys of that age.

10. Growth Patterns
The child’s pattern of growth is in a head-to-toe
direction or cephalo-caudal, and in an inward to
outward pattern called proximodistal.
• Ability to use muscles and bones to perform
different skills
• Urine and bowel movement control – 2 ½ yrs
• Development moves from bigger to smaller
muscles

11. Growth
Patterns
contd…
• Comparison of a child’s development with
the benchmark helps to determine whether
developmental milestones are met.
• Slight variations may be possible
• Some may show reversal of the recognized
order or skip some phases.
• Red flag – when the developmental
milestones are not met with it is called a red
flag. Parents will then consult doctors or
other professionals.
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12. Growth and
Development
End of Lesson 2
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