Adviocated by Pestalozzi and Francis Bacon. This is ideal for teaching concepts with rules. - Ideal for teaching of Grammar, Science and Mathematics. The presentation deals with the rules of the technique. Presents a demo in English Language and provides additional examples. It compares both the techniques and presents the points in a tabular form. Dr. Kudva is a PhD in Education and is currently working as a principal of a rfeputed ICSE School. She has several publications to her credit and has recently published a book entitled From Chalk to Talk The Art of Teaching. She has worked at the school level and also as a teacher educator.

1. Inducto - Deductive Approach
Dr. Pramila Kudva

2. Inductive approach is Advocated by Pestalozzi and
Francis Bacon.
INDUCTIVE DEDUCTIVE
It proceeds from particular to
general; Proceeds from abstract to
concrete
It proceeds from general to
particular
It takes care of the needs interest
of the children. It is a
developmental process.
It establishes linkage with real-life
stimulates thinking. Observation
and knowledge already gained.
It encourages discovery and
stimulates thinking
It establishes linkage with real life
and knowledge already gained.
Inductive Vs Deductive. Approach – A Comparison

3. Deductive vs. Inductive method
In deductive (rule-driven, top-down)
In inductive (example-driven, bottom-up)
General Rule Examples Practice
Examples PracticeGeneral Rule

4. Steps 1 of 3
1. Presentation of examples : teacher should
present several examples in their best order so
that it leads to generalizations.
2. Analysis of examples: Sentences are
compared, contrasted and analyzed on the basis
of similarities and differences.
3. Generalization : after analyzing the sentences
the students come to certain conclusions

5. Steps 2 of 3
4. Formation of rules: students form the rules with
the help of the teacher
5. Verification of the rules: application of rule with
another set of examples
Note: In this stage teacher can indicate certain
exceptions in the rules.
Practice : lots of practice is done with several other
examples.

6. Steps 3 of 3
• Teacher helps the student to form the rules
• Elicit some more examples
• Enhances the thinking process of the students
and participative learning
• Teaching learning process is made interesting
through contextualized discussion.

7. Advantages
• The learners are more engaged in the
teaching-learning process
• The learners formulate the generalization.
• Learning becomes more interesting at the
outset because we begin with what they know
• It helps the development of our learner’s
higher-order thinking- skills (HOTS).

8. Limitations
• It requires more time and so less subject
matter will be covered. It needs much time to
lead students to the formulation of
generalizations.
• It demands expert facilitating skills on part of
the teacher. He/she needs to ask the right
questions and organize answers.

9. An Example from English Language

10. Negative Examples Positive Examples
My love is a red Rose
My love is like a red
rose
He was a tornado in the
match
He was like a tornado
in the match
He was like a lion in
the fight
He was a lion in the fight
He is an owl during tests He is as wise as an owl

11. Where to place these?
1. They fought like cats and dogs.
2. You are my sunshine.
3. All the world's a stage and all the men and women merely players:
4. He is as strong as an ox.
5. Time is money.
6. They fought like cats and dogs.
7. He is as funny as a barrel of monkeys.
8. This house is as clean as a whistle.
9. He is as strong as an ox.
10.They are as different as night and day.
11.She is as thin as a rake.
12. You are my sun.
13. All the world's a stage and all the men and women merely players:
14. He is a shining star.
15. Time is money.
16. My teacher is a dragon.

12. • Students to give negative and positive
examples.

13. • Negative examples were Metaphors
• Positive examples were Similes
Students to define Metaphor and Simile

14. A simile is where two things are
directly compared because they
share a common feature. The word
AS or LIKE is used to compare the
two words.
A metaphor also compares two
things, but it does so more directly
WITHOUT using as or like.
General Rule

15. Place the following statements under simile and
metaphors.
1.He is as funny as a barrel of monkeys.
2.He is a shining star.
3.This house is as clean as a whistle.
4.They are as different as night and day.
5. My teacher is a dragon.
6. She is as thin as a rake.
Can you change some of these sentences from similes
to metaphors and vice versa?

16. A Few more Examples

17. Reflection – Spherical Mirrors

18. Mathematics
Concept:
• 12 = 1 32 = 9 52 = 25
equation 1
• 22 = 4 42 = 16 62 = 36
Equation 2
General concept:
• Square of an odd number is odd
• Square of an even number is even.

19. Check out more techniques